C: This is the transcription of Walter Ripman's "Classified Vocabulary".
C: The transcription is based on the book-version (not available online).
C: Title: "Classified Vocabulary", contained in:
C: "A Handbook of the Latin Language – Being a Dictionary, Classified Vocabulary, and Grammar"
C: Author: Walter Ripman
C:
C: This text was transcribed by Carolus Raeticus in 2011
C: Date of this version: 31 August 2011
C: This transcription may be freely used for whatever 
C: purposes (at your own risk). I would appreciate it 
C: if you would cite me, Carolus Raeticus, as the person 
C: having done the transcription.
C: When creating your own versions, please include the date
C: of the version of the transcription used (see above).
C:
C: Mark-up used in this file:
C: C:...Comment lines
C: ^^.....Latin lemma
C: ++...Section heading
C: **...Sub-section heading
C: $$...Latin examples.
C: []...Expanded text when abbreviation is used in book.
C: "... ..."... Dividing line used in book.
C: "..." xyz "..."...Sub-heading inside of sub-section.
C: QV...Cross-references.
C: ^ above vowels indicates macrons.
C:
C: It includes all changes made after 2 proof-reading runs.
C: In Ripman's topical vocabulary there a few sections in which antonyms etc. are placed side by side - e.g. section 4.1. It is rather difficult to represent this using this mark-up language. I have opted for grouping the antonyms as a whole after the group of words (but inside the (sub-)section they belong to).
C: Just in case the fact that an entry is part of such a side-by-side grouping, some of the entries on the right-side (= antonyms) are prefixed with a "<" (not included in all cases, so best ignore it).
C: Unclear passages in the original are marked as "???"
C: The "y" in "gyrus" in section 12.1 and the "y" in "peristylum" ought to have a macron above it.
C:
C: Changes applied by transcriber (based on the dictionary by Ripman)
C: 1.5 - dźniquź -> dźnique
C: 3.3 - finis -> fīnis
C: 3.6 - mortālitas -> mortālitās
C: 5.1 - adāctīō -> adāctiō
C: 5.3 - ("out") -> źdere, źmittere -> second meaning omitted as unclear what Mr. Ripman meant ("et out")
C: 5.8 - in contrāriās partes -> in contrāriās partźs
C: 6.1 - quosque? -> quoūsque?
C: 6.3 - religāre, bind back, back -> religāre, bind back, bind
C: 8 - agrī cūltura -> agrī cultūra
C: 10 - crīnīs -> crīnis
C: 13.2 - fidibus dīscere -> fidibus discere
C: 14.2 - āmīttere -> āmittere
C: 14.2 - operire -> operīre
C: 14.3 - nitens -> nitźns
C: 22.2 - pālmōsus -> palmōsus
C: 22.6 - lens -> lźns
C: 30.7 - optimī cīves -> optimī cīvźs
C: 30.8 - de vectīgālibus eximere -> dź vectīgālibus eximere
C: 32.1 - sortītīō -> sortītiō
C: 32.2 - sestertium -> sźstertium
C: 33.5 - frūctus industriae perdere -> frūctūs industriae perdere
C: 33.7 - vźnīre -> venīre
C: 36 - instrūmentum -> īnstrūmentum
C: 37.1 - armātūras -> armātūrae
C: 37.1 - accźnsi -> accźnsī
C: 37.7 - mūrās (cunīculō) subruere -> mūrōs (cunīculō) subruere
C: 37.7 - custōdia -> cūstōdia
C: 38.7 - sensus commūnis -> sźnsus commūnis
C: 38.8 - crudźlitātem exercźre -> crūdźlitātem exercźre
C: 47.6 - s. sūmere dź Acpn -> s. sūmere dź Abpn.
C:
+1-3 TIME+

*1.1 time*

^tempus,^ time; $t.[empus] dūcere, agere, dźgere$, spend time; $t.[empus] terere$, waste, lose time; $t.[empus] (annus, diźs) intercźdit$, intervenes, passes
^aeternus,^ eternal, everlasting; /noun/ ^aeternitās^
^sempiternus, perennis,^ perpetual, enduring; /noun/ ^perennitās^
^perpetuus,^ continuous, permanent; /noun/ ^perpetuitās^; /verb/ ^perpetuāre,^ continue without stopping
^aevum,^ period, age
^aetās,^ age, lifetime
^saeculum,^ age, lifetime, generation, century; $duōbus saeculīs ante$, 200 years before; $aliquot saeculīs post$, some centuries later

... ...
^compositiō annī,^ calendar

... year ...
^annus,^ year; $integer a.[nnus]$, complete y.[ear]; $annō interiectō$, after a y.[ear]; $annō vertente$, in the course of a year; $intrā trźs annōs$, within three y.[ears]; $multīs post annīs$ /or/ $multīs annīs post$, after many y.[ears]; $priōre annō$, in the previous y.[ear]; $superior annus$, the previous y.[ear]
^annuus,^ lasting a year, yearly
^anniversārius,^ yearly
^annōtinus,^ last year's
^perennis,^ lasting a year
^quotannīs,^ yearly, annually
^biennium,^ space of two years; ^triennium,^ do. of three; ^quadriennium,^ do. of four; ^quīnquennium,^ do. of five
^lūstrum,^ period of five years
^mźnsis,^ month; /adj./ ^mźnstruus^
^bimźnstris,^ lasting two months

... ...
^quandō?^ when
^cum, quandō, ubi, ut, quō tempore,^ when
^simulac,^ as soon as
^quamdiū? quātenus?^ how long? ^quamdiū,^ as long as
^dum,^ whilst
^intereā, interim,^ meanwhile
^simul,^ at the same time
... ...
^spatium,^ space of time; $s.[patium] nancīscī$, gain time
^tempus breve,^ short time
^pūnctum temporis,^ moment
^mōmentō temporis,^ at the decisive moment
QV: seasons, 11.1

... day ...
^diźs,^ day; $in diźs singulōs$, daily; $diem dīcendō eximere$, spend the day in talking; $diem sūmere ad /Actg/$, choose a day for; /adj./ ^diurnus,^ by d.[ay]
^lūce, lūcī, interdiū,^ by day, in the daytime
^bīduum,^ space of two days; ^trīduum,^ of three; ^quadrīduum,^ of four; $trīduō intermissō$, after an interval of three days; ^hebdomas,^ seven days
^hōra,^ hour
^hōrae,^ clock; ^sōlārium,^ sundial, clock
^antelūcānus,^ before dawn
^dīlūcźscere, illūcźscere,^ dawn; /noun/ ^dīlūculum^
^lūcet, lūcźscit,^ it is dawning
^prīmā lūce, ortō sōle, lūce ortā,^ at dawn, sunrise
^māne,^ morning; /adj./ ^mātūtīnus^
^ante merīdiem,^ in the forenoon; /adj./ ^antemerīdiānus; merīdiźs,^ noon; ^post merīdiem, dź merīdiź,^ in the afternoon; /adj./ ^postmerīdiānus^
^crepusculum,^ dusk
^vesper, vespera,^ evening; $prīmō vespere$ /or/ $prīmā vesperī \[hōrā\]$, in first evening hour; /adv./ ^vesperī; pervesperī,^ very late in the evening; /adj./ ^vespertīnus;^ /verb/ ^vesperāscere^
^sōlis occāsū,^ at sunset
^prīma fax,^ early torchlight (just after dark)
^nox,^ night; $sub noctem$, towards nightfall; $prīmā nocte$, at nightfall, early in the night; $nocte intermissā$, n.[ight] having meanwhile fallen; $mediā nocte$, at midnight; $proximā nocte$, last n.[ight]; $multā nocte$, late at n.[ight]; $ad multam noctem$, far into n.[ight]; /adv./ ^noctū;^ /adj./ ^nocturnus,^ by n.[ight]; ^pernoctāre,^ spend the n.[ight]; ^vigilia,^ quarter of the n.[ight] (about three hours); $prīma, secunda, tertia, quarta v.[igilia]$
^sźrus,^ late, too late; /adv./ ^sźrō,^ too late
^hīs paucīs diźbus,^ a few days ago
^nudiūs tertius,^ the day before yesterday
^herī,^ yesterday; /adj./ ^hesternus^
^hodiź,^ to-day; /adj./ ^hodiernus^
^crās,^ to-morrow; /adj./ ^crāstinus^
^diźs crāstinus,^ the morrow (in the future); ^diź posterō,^ on the morrow (of a past date)
^perendiź,^ on the day after to-morrow; /adj./ ^perendinus^
^diźs superior,^ the previous day
^prīdiź,^ on the day before
^postrīdie, posterō diź,^ on the day after, on the next day
^post diem quīntum,^ after five days
^cottīdiź,^ /adv./ daily; /adj./  ^cottīdiānus^


*1.2 before and after*

^ante^ (/prep. with Ac, adv./); /adv./ ^anteā, antehāc;^ /conj./ ^antequam, priusquam,^ before
^prior,^ former, previous; /adv./ ^prius,^ before, sooner, previously
^tempus prius^ or ^superius,^ former days; ^superiōribus temporibus,^ in earlier times
^praeteritus,^ past; ^praeterita, praeteritum tempus,^ the past
^prope est^ /or/ ^in eō est ut^ /subj./, ... is on the point of happening.
^post^ (/prep. with Ac, adv./), after, afterwards; /adv./ ^posteā, posthāc,^ afterwards, hereafter; ^postquam,^ after
^haud ita multō post, posteā aliquantō, brevī posteā, nōn multō posteā,^ a little later
^posthāc,^ hereafter, henceforth
^posterus,^ later, next, future
^posteritās,^ the future
^posterior,^ latter, later; /adv./ ^posterius^
^subinde,^ just after, then
^aliquot post diźbus,^ some days after
^ex intervāllō,^ after some time
^futūrus,^ future
^reliquum tempus,^ the future
^porrō,^ in future
^praesentīre,^ have a presentiment, foresee; /noun/ ^praesźnsiō;^ ^praevidźre, prōspicere, prōvidźre,^ foresee; /noun/ ^prōvīsiō^
^antecźdere,^ go before, precede; /noun/ ^antecessiō^
^anticipāre, praecipere, praecurrere,^ anticipate; /noun/ ^anticipātiō^

*1.3 first and last*

^prīmus,^ first; /adv./ ^prīmō,^ at first, ^prīmum,^ firstly
^postrźmus, suprźmus, novissimus,^ last
^postrźmō,^ lastly; ^postrźmum, suprźmum,^  for the last time
^(ad) extrźmum,^ at last, finally
^ultima tempora,^ earliest or latest times

QV: beginning and end, 3.1, 3.3

*1.4 always...never*

^quotiźns,^ how often; ^totiźns,^ so often
^semper, numquam nōn, perpetuō,^ always, constantly
^plźrumque, ferź,^ generally, usually; $quod ferź fit$, as generally happens
^vulgō,^ generally, commonly
^saepe, persaepe,^ often; ^saepissimź, saepenumerō^ repeatedly, again and again
^crźbrō,^ often (of a regular sequence)
^trītus,^ common, commonplace, hackneyed
^nōnnumquam,^ sometimes (fairly often)
^interdum, quondam, subinde, identidem,^ occasionally, now and then, repeatedly
^aliquandō,^ on certain occasions, sometimes (not often)
^rārō,^ rarely
^singulāris,^ rare, remarkable
^semel et saepius, plūs quam semel,^ more than once
^semel,^ once
^umquam,^ ever; ^numquam,^ never; ^nec umquam,^ and never

QV: custom, usual, unusual 49.1

*1.5 already, still, not yet, at length*

^iam,^ by this time; ^iam nunc, iam tum,^ already
^iamdūdum, iamprīdem,^ this long while
^etiam, etiam tunc^ /or/ ^nunc, adhūc,^ still
^nōndum, neque adhūc,^ not yet
^dźmum, aliquandō,^ at last; ^dźnique,^ at last, in short
^tandem,^ at length

*1.6 formerly, now, then*

^prīdem,^ long ago, of old, formerly
^aliquandō,^ at some time (past, present or future)
^quondam,^ once (past only, usually during some space of time)
^ōlim,^ formerly, a long time ago, once (past or future)
^abhinc quattuor annōs,^ four years ago; $a.[bhinc] tribus diźbus$, three days ago
^mātūrź,^ early, in good time; ^mātūrius,^ earlier
^nūper, nōn^ (/or/ ^haud^) ^prīdem^ (/or/ ^ita prīdem^), lately, recently
^paulō ante,^ but lately
^dūdum,^ a little while ago
^ad hōc tempus,^ until now
^nunc, iam, in praesentiā,^ now
^tempus praesźns,^ present time; ^in (tempus) praesźns,^ for the present
^commodum,^ just in time, at the very moment
^īnstāns,^ present; ^īnstantia^ (/P/), the present situation
^hīs temporibus, nostrā aetāte,^ in our time, in modern times, nowadays
^īlicō, extemplō, prōtinus, statim, continuō, cōnfestim, sine morā, ź vestīgiō,^ immediately, then and there, forthwith
^mox, brevī, mātūrź,^ soon, presently
^propediem,^ very soon
^quam prīmum,^ as soon as possible
^ante tempus,^ too soon
^deinde, inde, exinde, tum, tunc,^ then
^eā tempestāte, tum temporis, id temporis,^ at that time
^tum dźmum,^ then and then only
^aliquandō,^ hereafter

*1.7 delay; until*

^mora,^ delay; $trīduī morā interpositā$, after a delay of three days; $nūllam moram interpōnere quīn$ /subj./, not lose a moment in; ^morāri, cūnctārī, tardāre, retardāre, distinźre,^ make slow, delay, defer; /noun/ ^cūnctātiō;^ ^morātor, cūnctātor,^ one who delays, ^mūginārī,^ hesitate, delay
^differre,^ postpone; /noun/ ^dīlātiō^
^prōcrāstināre, prōtrūdere, sustentāre,^ put off, delay; /nouns/ ^prōcrāstinātiō, sustentātiō^
^prōdūcere, propāgāre, prōrogāre, rźicere,^ protract, prolong; /nouns/ ^prōductiō, propāgātiō, prōrogātiō^
^dubitāre,^ delay (/intrans./); /noun/ ^dubitātiō^
^dōnec, quoad,^ until
^ūsque ad,^ until
^ad hunc ūsque diem,^ up to this day
^adhūc,^ thus far, hitherto
^quoūsque (tandem),^ how much longer

*1.8 again*

^rūrsus,^ again
^iterum,^ for the second time
^dźnuō,^ afresh, once more
^integrāre,^ renew
^iterāre, duplicāre, repetere,^ repeat; /nouns/ ^iterātiō, repetītiō^
^iterum atque iterum, semel iterumque, semel atque iterum,^ repeatedly
^frequźns,^ repeated; ^frequentāre,^ do again, repeatedly
^etiam atque etiam,^ again and again
^retractāre,^ take up again
^non posteā^ /or/ ^posthāc,^ not again

*2.1 gradually, suddenly*

^paulātim, sźnsim, pedetemptim, gradātim,^ little by little, by degrees
^repente, subitō,^ suddenly; /adj./ ^repentīnus,^ sudden, unexpected
^dźsubitō,^ quite suddenly

*2.2 for a long or short time*

^in omne tempus,^ for ever
^diū,^ long; /comp./ ^diūtius,^ /superl./ ^diūtissimź;^ ^diūtinus, diūturnus,^ lasting, long, prolonged
^iamprīdem, iamdūdum,^ now for a long time
^longus, longinquus,^ tedious
^aliquamdiū, aliquantum temporis,^ for some time
^paulisper,^ for a little time
^parumper,^ for a little while, for a moment

*2.3 fast*

^celer,^ swift; /adv./ ^celeriter;^ /noun/ ^celeritās^
^vźlōx,^ swift; /adv./ ^vźlōciter;^ /noun/ ^vźlōcitās^
^pernīx,^ swift; /noun/ ^pernīcitās^
^rapidus, citus,^ quick; /noun/ ^rapiditās;^ /adv./ ^cito^
^volucer,^ swift, fleeting
^cursim, raptim,^ quickly
^praeceps,^ headlong, hasty

... slow ...
^tardus,^ slow; /noun/ ^tarditās^
^lentus,^ slow, lingering, sluggish

QV: make slow, delay, 1.7

... ...
^accelerāre, festīnāre, properāre,^ hasten, make haste; $properātō opus est$, there is need of haste; /nouns/ ^festīnātiō, properātiō;^ /adv./ ^festīnātō^

*2.4 old and young*

^senex^ (/usually noun/) old; old man; /comp./ ^senior,^ older; /noun/ ^senectūs,^ old age; /adj./ ^senīlis^
^nātū grandis,^ old; ^māior, māximus^ (/with or without/ ^annīs^ /or/ ^nātū^), older, oldest
^quot annōs nātus es?^ how old are you?; $annōs XXX nātus sum$ /or/ $vīxī$
^aequālis,^ of the same age
^iuvenis^ (/usually noun/), youthful; one in prime of life; /comp./ ^iūnior,^ younger; /noun/ ^iuventūs,^ youth
^nātū^ (/or/ ^annīs^) ^minor, minimus,^ younger, youngest
^parvus,^ young, e.g. $parvī līberī$

QV: ages of man, 24.2

*2.5 old and new*

^vetus,^ old (still existing); /comp./ ^vetustior;^ /noun/ ^vetustās;^ /verb/ ^inveterāscere,^ grow old
^antīquus, vetustus,^ old (no longer existing), ancient; ^antīquitus^ (/adv./), in /or/ from ancient times; /noun/ ^antīquitās;^ $ultima a.[ntīquitās]$, extreme antiquity
^obsolźscere,^ grow old
^prīscus,^ primitive, olden, old-fashioned
^prīstinus,^ primitive, original
^novus,^ new; $quid novī$ what news? /noun/ ^novitās^
^recźns,^ fresh, recent
^novāre, renovāre, reficere, restituere, redintegrāre, īnstaurāre,^ make new, restore; /nouns/ ^renovātiō, restitūtiō, īnstaurātiō^
^dź, ab^ /or/ ^ex integrō,^ anew

*2.6 opportunity, occasion*

^occāsiō, facultās, potestās,^ opportunity; $occāsiōnem$ /or/ $facultātem$ /or/ $potestātem dare$, /or/ $potestātem facere$, /G gerund,/ give an o.[pportunity]
^locum^ /or/ ^cōpiam dare^ /G gerund or/ ^ad^ /gerund,/ give an opportunity; $dare suspīciōnī locum$, give occasion for suspicion
^locō^ /or/ ^in locō,^ opportunely
^tempus,^ right time, opportunity; ^prīmō quōque tempore,^ at the first opportunity; ^suō tempore,^ at a fitting time; ^temporī^ or ^temperī,^ at the right time

+BEGINNING AND END+

*3.1 beginning*

^orīgō, fōns,^ source
^auctor,^ originator
^creāre, generāre, ingenerāre, gīgnere,^ create; /nouns/ ^creātor, generātor, genitor, creātiō^
^(Deus) effector (mundī),^ creator (God)
^źdere,^ produce, bring forth
^cōnstruere,^ construct, make; /noun/ ^cōnstrūctiō^
^initium, prīncipium, exōrdium, prīmōrdium, exōrsus, inceptiō, introitus,^ beginning; /adj./ ^prīncipālis,^ original
^incipere, ōrdīrī, incohāre, exōrdīrī,^ begin
^orīrī, coorīrī, exorīrī, exsistere,^ arise; /noun/ ^ortus^
^coepisse,^ have begun
^īnstituere,^ institute, begin
^suscipere,^ take up
^cōnārī,^ attempt, undertake; /noun/ ^cōnātus^
^experīrī,^ try; /noun/ ^experientia^

*3.2 growth*

^alere,^ rear
^crźscere concrźscere,^ grow
^recrźscere,^ grow again
^flōrźre,^ flourish

*3.3 end*

^cōnficere, peragere, perficere, absolvere,^ complete
^terminus,^ goal; ^termināre,^ end
^dźcrźscere,^ decrease
^pūtźscere,^ decay, rot; ^pūtidus,^ rotten
^abolźre, comminuere, cōnfringere, cōnsūmere, dźlźre, dźstruere, dźmōlīrī, dīruere, disperdere, dissolvere, dīvellere, źvellere, źvertere, exstinguere, percellere, perdere,^ destroy
^excīdere^ /or/ ^exscindere^ /or/ ^prōruere^ (e.g. $domōs$), destroy
^dissolūtiō, źversiō, exitium, exstīnctiō, interitiō, interitus, lābźs, naufragium, obitus, pernīciźs, pestis, ruīna,^ destruction, ruin; $ad interitum ruere$, rush to destruction; /adjs./ ^exitiābilis, exitiālis, exitiōsus, pestifer, pestilźns, pernīciōsus^
^interīre, perīre, disperīre, źmorī, intermorī,^ perish, decay
^ad nihilum venīre^ /or/ ^recidere,^ come to naught, perish
^ruere,^ go to ruin; ^ruīnōsus,^ ruinous, in ruins
^collabefierī,^ be brought to ruin
^dźsinere, dźsistere,^ cease
^dźficere,^ come to an end
^effluere,^ pass away, vanish
^fīnis,^ end; $fīnem facere$, /with Dtg, Gtg or G gerund/, bring to an end; $fīnem statuere$, assign an end to, make an end of; /verb/ ^fīnīre,^ end
^clausula,^  end (of letter), last sentence (of period), last verses (of play)
^epistulam conclūdere,^ end a letter
^exitus,^ conclusion
^exitiōsus, exitiābilis,^ disastrous, fatal, deadly
^fūnus,^ destruction, end; e.g. $reīpūblicae$
^occāsus,^ downfall, ruin

+BIRTH AND DEATH+

*3.4 birth*

^parere,^ give birth to; ^partus,^ birth; offspring
^nāscī,^ be born; ^nātālis,^ natal; $diźs n.[ātālis]$, /or/ $n.[ātālis]$, birthday; $nātū$, by birth; $māior n.[ātū]$, older; $māximus n.[ātū]$, oldest
^renāscī,^ be born again
^ingredī vītam,^ be born
^vīvere,^ live; ^vīta,^ life; $introīre in vītam$, enter on l.[ife]; $manźre in vītā$, remain alive; $vītā fruī$, enjoy life, live; ^vīvus,^ alive; $mātre tuā vīvā$, in your mother's lifetime
^revīvīscere,^ live again, revive
^animāns,^ living being

*3.5 growth*

^nūtrīre,^ foster, rear; ^nūtrīx,^ nurse
^excźdere ź puerīs,^ pass out of childhood
^adolźscere,^ grow up
^consenźscere,^ grow old, weak

QV: ages of man, 24.2

*3.6 death*

^mors, obitus, discessus dź vītā, excessus (ź vītā), fātum,^ death; $m.[ors] eum absūmpsit$, carried off; $mortem obiit$, he died; ^mortālis,^ subject to death; ^moribundus,^ dying; /noun/ ^mortālitās^
^mortifer,^ deadly, causing death
^morī, abīre ź vītā, cursum vītae cōnficere, obīre, cźdere vītā, dźcźdere^ (/also with/ ^dź vītā^)^, discźdere ź vītā, excźdere vītā^ /or/ ^ź vītā, ex^ /or/ ^dź vītā exīre^ /or/ ^migrāre, vītā źmigrāre, hinc dźmigrāre, perīre, dźperīre, occidere, occumbere^ (/also with/ ^mortem^ /or/ ^morte^)^, animam agere^ /or/ ^efflāre, animam^ /or/ ^vītam źdere, vītam āmittere, dźscīscere ā vītā, exspīrāre,^ die; ^vītam abicere,^ surrender life; ^vītam complźre,^ conclude life
^sī quid mihi hūmānitus accidisset,^ if I were to die
^mors voluntāria,^ suicide; ^mortem^ /or/ ^necem sibi cōnscīscere, vītā sź prīvāre, sź interimere, ā vītā recźdere,^ commit suicide
^sź suspendere,^ hang oneself; ^suspendium,^ hanging
^mortem oppetere,^ encounter death, die (a violent or unnatural death)
^lźtum,^ violent death; /see 47.2/
^extrźmus^ (/or/ ^postrźmus^) ^spīritus,^ dying breath
^concidere,^ fall lifeless
^in aciź cadere,^ fall in battle
^vītae cursum cōnficere,^ finish one's career
^mortuus, dźfūnctus, exsanguis,^ dead
^īnferī,^ the dead; $apud īnferōs$, among the dead
^īnferiae,^ sacrifices in honour of the dead; ^parentāre mortuīs,^ bring sacrifices to dead relations
^iūsta,^ funeral ceremonies

... mourning ...
^vestem^ /or/ ^vestītum mūtāre,^ go into mourning
^ad vestītum suum redīre,^ go out of morning
^sordźs^ /P/, mourning garment; mourning
^toga sordida^ /or/ ^pulla,^ dark grey toga, worn in mourning
^lūgubris,^ mourning (/adj./)

QV: inheritance, 33.6

... funeral ...
^cadāver,^ dead body, corpse
^lectus,^ bier
^fūnus,^ funeral; $f.[ūnus] dūcere$, conduct a f.[uneral]; $in f.[ūnus] venīre$, go to a f.[uneral]; /adj./ ^fūnebris,^ e.g. $cōntiō$; ^fūnebria,^ funeral rites
^exsequiae,^ funeral train, obsequies; $exsequiās prōsequī$, attend a funeral
^efferre,^ carry to burial
^cremāre,^ cremate; ^cinis,^ ashes
^rogus,^ funeral pile
^humāre,^ inter
^sepelīre,^ inter, cremate; ^sepultūra,^ burial, funeral obsequies; $sepultūrā afficere$, bury
^sepulcrum, monumentum, bustum,^ tomb, grave, burial place; /Acpn/ $in sepulcrō condere$, inter
^tumulus,^ sepulchral mound, barrow
^urna,^ cinerary urn
^źlogium,^ epitaph
^inhumātus,^ unburied


+4-6 PLACE+

*4.1*

^īnfīnitās, immźnsum,^ unlimited space
^orbis terrārum, mundus, terrae, ūniversum,^ world, universe; ^mundānus,^ citizen of the world
^intermundia,^ space between worlds
^deus artifex^ or ^mōlītor mundī,^ God the creator of the world

... ...
^ubi?^ where? $ubi gentium?$, where in the world?
^ubi, quā,^ where; ^quācumque, ubicumque,^ wherever
^hōc locō, hīc,^ here, in this place
^illīc, istīc, ibi, eō locō,^ there, in that place
^ibīdem, eōdem locō,^ in the same place
^alibī,^ in another place

... ...
^praestō^ (/adv./) ^sum^, am present, ready, at hand
^domī mīlitiaeque,^ at home and abroad
^longź lātźque,^ far and wide
^sźdźs,^ base, foundation
^regiō,^ quarter, region
^locus,^ place; (/n P/ $loca$, region, locality)

... ...
^ubīque, undique, omnibus locīs, omnibus (in) partibus,^ everywhere
^ubivīs, usquam, uspiam,^ anywhere
^alicubī,^ in some place
^multīs locīs, multifāriam,^ in many places
^passim,^ at different places
^nusquam,^ in no place, nowhere

... ...
^septentriōnźs,^ (/m P/), north
^merīdiźs,^ south
^occidźns, (sōlis) occāsus,^ west
^oriźns, (sōlis) ortus,^ east
^spectat in merīdiem,^ it faces south
^vergit in occidentem,^ it lies to the west
 
*4.2 be at rest*

^stāre,^ stand; ^statiō,^ stay, sojourn; ^status,^ posture, position; ^stabilis,^ firm, steady; /noun/ ^stabilitās^
^assistere,^ take up a position, stand
^cōnsistere,^ take one's stand, halt
^resistere,^ stand still
^cōnstāre,^ remain; ^cōnstitī,^ stand
^īnstāre,^ stand in
^restāre,^ stand firm
^sistere, subsistere,^ stand still, stop
^sedźre,^ sit; /noun/ ^sessiō^
^obsidźre,^ sit in or at

... cause to be at rest ...
^sistere, statuere,^ set up
^pōnere, locāre, collocāre,^ place; /noun/ ^collocātiō^
^stabilīre,^ fix, establish
^iacere, iactāre,^ throw; /noun/ ^iactātiō^
^sternere,^ stretch flat
^suspendere,^  hang up

... ...
^subsīdere,^ stay
^iacźre, cubāre,^ lie
^humī strātus^ /or/ ^fūsus,^ lying (flat) on the ground
^supīnus,^ lying on one's back
^prōnus,^ lying face downward
^pendźre,^ hang, be suspended

*4.3 stay*

^versārī,^ dwell, stay, abide
^manźre,^ remain; /noun/ ^mānsiō^
^permanźre, perstāre, persevźrāre, remanźre,^ stay to the end, endure, remain; /nouns/ ^permānsiō, remānsiō, persevźrantia^
^residźre,^ remain, be left
^eōdem remanźre vestīgiō,^ stay in the same place
^restāre, superesse,^ be left, remain over
^reliquus, residuus,^ left over; ^reliquum, residuum, pars reliqua,^ the rest
^cōram^ /Ab/, in the presence of

... leave ...
^sź locō movźre,^ leave
^relinquere,^ leave behind; /noun/ ^relictiō^
^linquere,^ leave
^dźrelinquere,^ abandon (neglect); /noun/ ^dźrelictiō^
^dźserere,^ desert; /noun/ ^dźsertor^
^dźstituere,^ abandon (in destitution)
^discźdere ab^ /Ab/, forsake, leave (person); /noun/ ^discessus^
^excźdere^ /Ab/ or ^ex^ /Ab/, leave (place)

QV: other verbs in 5.1

*4.4 go*

^īre,^ go; /noun/ ^itiō^
^commeāre,^ go in and out, to and fro
^sź cōnferre,^ betake oneself, go
^tendere,^ go, march, travel
^pergere,^ proceed, go on
^sź in viam dare,^ set out
^gradīrī, ingredī,^ walk, step out
^gradus, passus,^ step; ^ingressus,^ walking; ^gradātim,^ step by step
^titubāre,^ reel, stumble
^vacillāre,^ sway, stagger, reel
^lābī, illābī,^ slip; /noun/ ^lāpsus^
^ambulāre,^ walk (at leisure)
^baculum,^ walking-stick
^inambulāre, spatiārī,^ take a walk; /noun/ ^inambulātiō^
^vādere,^ walk (briskly)

... ...
^vehī,^ be conveyed; $currū v.[ehī]$, drive; $in equō v.[ehī]$, ride; $in nāvī v.[ehī]$, sail
^currere,^ run; /nouns/ ^cursus,^ running, voyage; ^currus,^ car, chariot
^proficīscī,^ set out, travel; $pedibus p.[roficīscī]$, set out on a land journey; ^profectiō,^ departure
^iter facere,^ go on a journey
^viam ingredī,^ take a road
^cursum tenźre,^ hold on a course; ^cursum dīrigere ad^ /Ac/, make for
^errāre, vagārī, pervagārī,^ wander, roam, rove about; ^vagus,^ wandering about
^peragrāre,^ wander or travel through; /noun/ ^peragrātiō^

... make to go ...
^ciźre, movźre, commovźre,^ move; ^permovźre,^ move (thoroughly); /nouns/ ^mōtus, mōmentum;^ /adj./ ^mōbilis^
^dūcere, perdūcere,^ lead, conduct
^dīrigere,^ direct
^mittere,^ send; /noun/ ^missiō^
^ferre, portāre,^ carry
^trahere,^ draw, drag; /noun/ ^tractus^
^intorquźre,^ hurl

... ...
^incźdere,^ walk (with dignity); ^incessus,^ walking, gait
^prōsequī^ /Acpn/, accompany
^contendere, festīnāre, mātūrāre, properāre, approperāre,^ hasten; /noun/ ^ruere,^ rush

... ...
^vehere,^ transport, convey
^ferrī,^ travel
^obīre^ /Ac/, traverse, travel through, visit
^perlustrāre^ /Ac/, travel over
^peregrīnārī,^ travel, go abroad; ^peregrīnātīo,^ travel or stay in foreign country
^migrāre, dźmigrāre ex^ /Ab/ ^in^ /Ac/, migrate; /noun/ ^migrātiō^
^viātor,^ traveller
^viāticum,^ money for journey

QV: transport by land, see 7.6
QV: by water, see 9.3, .4

*4.5 turn, bend, roll, fold*

^vertere,^ turn (/trans./); ^vertī,^ turn (/intrans./); ^versārī,^ turn often, twist about; ^invertere,^ turn round
^flectere,^ bend, turn; ^flexus,^ turning, turning point; ^flexiō,^ bending; ^flexibilis,^ flexible; ^flexuōsus,^ winding; ^īnflectere,^ bend; /noun/ ^īnflexiō;^ ^reflectere,^ bend or turn back
^intendere,^ bend, turn
^torquźre,^ twist, turn, bend; ^tortuōsus,^ twisted; ^obtorquźre,^ twist, wrench; ^retorquźre,^ twist back
^inclīnāre,^ bend, incline, turn; /noun/ ^inclīnātiō^
^volvere,^ turn round, roll (/trans./); ^volvī,^ roll (/intrans./); ^volūtāre,^ roll, twist; ^volūbilis,^ turning, rolling
^revolvere,^ roll back, unroll
^plicāre,^ fold
^explicāre, replicāre, pandere,^ unfold

*5.1 towards/away from*

... towards ...
^quō?^ /or/ ^quōrsum?^ whither?
^utrō?^ to which side, whither?
^hūc,^ to this place
^illūc, istūc, eō,^ to that place
^eōdem,^ to the same place
^aliquō,^ to some place
^nusquam,^ to no place
^passim, in omnźs partźs,^ in all directions
^quō,^ to which place
^quōcumque, quōquō,^ whithersoever
^ad^ /Ac/, to
^sub^ /Ac/, to
^ūsque ad^ /Ac/, (all the way) to
^adversus, versus^ /Ac/, towards
^venīre,^ come
^ventitāre,^ come often
^advenīre, pervenīre,^ arrive; /noun/ ^adventus;^ $prīmō adventū$, immediately on arrival
^prōvinciam tetigit,^ he reached the province
^accźdere, succźdere, appropinquāre, adīre, subīre,^ approach; /nouns/ ^accessiō, accessus, successus, aditus;^ $aditum$ /Dpn/ $ad$ /Actg/ $interclūdere$, bar one's way to; $omnźs aditūs$ /Gtg/ $praeclūdere, saepīre$, bar all approaches to
^obrźpere,^ creep up, draw near
^adventāre,^ approach, advance (espec. of hostile forces)
^advehī,^ come (ride, sail, etc.) to
^adnāre,^ swim to
^allābī,^ glide to
^arrźpere,^ creep up
^īnstāre,^ approach; $vźr īnstat$, spring is near
^rźctō itinere petere,^ make straight for
^tendere^ (e.g. $Venusiam$), make for
^incidere in^ /Ac/, come upon, meet unexpectedly
^accurrere, occurrere,^ run up
^advolāre,^ rush up
^assilīre,^ jump to
^īnferrī,^ rush against
^admovźre,^ bring, lead to; /noun/ ^admōtiō^
^appellere, adigere,^ drive towards or up; /noun/ ^adāctiō^
^apportāre,^ carry to or up
^addūcere,^ lead to or up
^afferre,^ bring to or up
^advehere,^ convey to
^advertere,^ turn towards; $oculōs ad eum a.[dvertere]$, turn one's eyes towards him
^obicere,^ throw against, in the way
^offendere,^ knock against; come upon
^obviam īre^ /or/ ^prōcźdere^ /Dpn or/ ^prōdīre,^ go to meet

... away from ...
^unde?^ whence?
^hinc,^ from this place
^illinc, istinc, istim, inde,^ from that place
^indidem,^ from the same place
^alicunde,^ from some place
^ex intervāllō,^ from some distance
^undique, ex omnibus partibus,^ from all sides
^extrīnsecus, forīs,^ from the outside
^unde,^ from which place
^ā, ab^ /Ab/, from; N.B. $abs tź$
^abstinźre,^ keep away
^abīre, dźvehī,^ go away; /noun/ ^abitus^
^exīre, absistere,^ depart (from); /noun/ ^exitus^
^cźdere, sźcźdere,^ withdraw; /noun/ ^sźcessiō^
^abscźdere, dźcźdere ab, dź^ /or/ ^ex^ /Ab/, ^discźdere ab^ /Abpn/, ^excźdere ex^ /Ab place/, ^dīgredī ab^ /Ab/, leave, depart from; $longius discźdere$, go farther away; /nouns/ ^abscessus, dźcessiō, discessus, dīgressiō, dīgressus^
^źgredī,^ quit; /noun/ ^źgressus^
^dźgredī,^ go away
^āvertere, āversārī, dźclīnāre, dźvertere,^ turn away or aside; /noun/ ^dźclīnātiō^
^aufugere,^ run away, abscond
^āvolāre, dźvolāre,^ fly away
^diffluere,^ flow away
^źlābī,^ slip away
^exclūdere,^ keep away, remove
^dźpellere,^ push aside, remove
^abiungere,^ separate, remove
^abigere, expellere, extrūdere, exturbāre, prōturbāre,^ drive away; /nouns/ ^expulsiō, expulsor^
^ablźgāre, relźgāre,^ send away; /noun/ ^ablźgātiō^
^āmovźre, dźmovźre, dīmovźre, removźre, retrahere, sźmovźre, submovźre,^ remove; /nouns/ ^āmōtiō, remōtiō^
^abdere, dźpōnere,^ put away
^trahere,^ draw away; /noun/ ^tractus^
^arcźre,^ prevent from approaching, keep at a distance
^abdūcere, dźdūcere, źdūcere,^ lead away; /noun/ ^dźductiō^
^asportāre, dźportāre, dźvehere,^ bring or carry away
^abstrahere, dźtrahere, distrahere, subtrahere,^ draw or take away; /noun/ ^dźtractiō^
^dźmere,^ take away
^auferre, āvehere,^ carry off
^adimere, źripere,^ take away; /nouns/ ^adźmptiō, źreptiō^
^surripere,^ take away secretly
^revellere,^ tear away
^succīdere,^ cut off
^abrādere,^ scrape off
^dźtrūdere,^ thrust away
^āvocāre, sźvocāre,^ call of from, withdraw, divert; /noun/ ^āvocātiō^
^mittere, dīmittere,^ dismiss; /nouns/ ^missiō, dīmissiō^
^abicere, prōicere,^ throw away
^āvellere, abripere, dźripere, abrumpere, eximere, abscindere,^ tear away, break off; /noun/ ^abruptiō^
^praeripere,^ tear or snatch away
^abscīdere, dźcīdere, dźsecāre, resecāre,^ cut off
^abluere, dīluere, źluere,^ wash away, remove
^abstergźre,^ wipe away

*5.2 in/out*

... in ...
^in^ /Ab/, in
^intrā^ /Ac/, in
^intus^ (/adv./), ^intrīnsecus, intrōrsum^ /or/ ^-us,^ within
^penitus,^ inwardly, internally, far within
^domī,^ in the house
^internus^ (/late/), internal
^interior,^ on the inner side
^intimus,^ inmost
^inesse,^ be in
^inhaerźre,^ be inherent
^īnsidźre,^ sit in, adhere to
^īnsitus,^ inborn, inherent

... out ...
^extrā^ /Ac/, without, on the outside of
^extrā^ (/adv./), without
^forīs,^ out of doors
^externus,^ outward
^exterior,^ on the outer side
^extrźmus,^ outermost
^exstāre,^ stand out
^prōspicere, prōspectāre,^ look out; /noun/ ^prōspectus^

*5.3 into/out of*

... into ...
^in^ /Ac/, into
^intrō^ (/adv./), ^intrōrsum^ /or/ ^-us,^ in, to the inside
^inīre, introīre, intrāre^ /Ac or/ ^in^ /Ac/, ^ingredī^ /Ac/, ^immigrāre, invādere,^ enter (/trans./); /also intrans./; ^introitus, ingressiō, ingressus,^ entrance
^intrōspicere,^ look into
^penetrāre, permānāre, sź īnsinuāre,^ get into
^incidere,^ fall into
^incurrere in^ /Ac/, run into
^īnscendere,^ climb into
^irrźpere,^ creep or steal in
^īnsilīre, īnsultāre,^ leap in
^irrumpere, irruere,^ rush into; /noun/ ^irruptiō^
^involāre,^ fly or rush into
^īnfluere,^ flow into
^invehī,^ ride, drive, etc., into; /noun/ ^invectiō^
^īnserere, impōnere, inculcāre, interpōnere,^ put into, insert, introduce; /noun/ ^interpositiō^
^indūcere, intrōdūcere,^ lead into; /nouns/ ^inductiō, intrōductiō^
^īnferre, ingerere, invehere,^ carry into; /noun/ ^invectiō^
^inicere,^ throw into
^importāre,^ import
^involvere,^ wrap up; ^involūcrum,^ wrapper, covering
^īnflāre,^ blow into; /noun/ ^īnflātus^
^īnfundere in^ /Ac/, pour into
^īnfīgere,^ fasten in, thrust in
^imprimere,^ press into
^incīdere,^ cut into
^īnsinuāre,^ thrust into
^intexere,^ weave into
^immittere,^ send, cast into

... out of ...
^ź, ex^ /Ab/, out of
^forās^ (/adv./), to the outside, out of doors
^exīre,^ go out; /noun/ ^exitus^
^źgredī,^ go out; /noun/ ^źgressus^
^źmergere, exorīrī,^ rise, come forth
^źvādere,^ come out or forth
^źminźre,^ stand out
^excidere,^ fall out
^excurrere,^ run out or forth; /noun/ ^excursus^
^exsilīre, prōsilīre,^ leap out
^źrumpere,^ sally or burst forth; /noun/ ^źruptiō^
^źvolāre,^ fly out, break forth
^prōrumpere,^ break forth
^źvehī,^ ride, etc., out
^effluere, źmānāre, prōfluere,^ flow out
^extrahere, prōtrahere,^ draw out
^źlicere,^ draw or entice out
^źruere,^ pluck out
^źdūcere, źgerere, źvehere,^ lead forth
^efferre, prōmere,^ bring out, bring forth
^źripere, exceptāre,^ take out
^vellere,^ pull out
^źvolvere,^ unroll; /noun/ ^źvolūtiō^
^explicāre,^ unfold
^exprimere,^ press out
^fundere, diffundere, effundere, prōfundere,^ pour out; /nouns/ ^fūsiō, effūsiō^
^offundere, perfundere,^ pour over
^excutere,^ shake out
^exclūdere,^ shut out
^prōripere,^ drag or snatch out
^pellere, expellere, exigere, źicere, extrūdere, exturbāre,^ drive out; /nouns/ ^expulsiō, expulsor, exāctiō, źiectiō^
^prōtrūdere,^ thrust out
^źverrere,^ sweep out
^źvellere, excerpere, revellere,^ pluck out; /noun/ ^źvulsiō^
^extorquźre,^ wrench out
^excīdere, exsecāre,^ cut out
^źdere, źmittere,^ send forth; /noun/ ^źmissiō^
^źvomere,^ spit or cast out

*5.4 up and high/down and low*

... up and high ...
^suprā^ /Ac/, ^super^ /Ab/, above, over
^suprā^ (/adv./), above
^īnsuper,^ on top, from above
^dźsuper,^ from above
^sursum^ /or/ ^s.[ursum] versus,^ upwards
^altus,^ high (/also/ deep); /noun/ ^altitūdō^
^celsus, excelsus, sublīmis, źditus,^ high, lofty
^prōcźrus,^ tall, high; /noun/ ^prōcźritās^
^arduus,^ high, steep
^superus,^ above, upper, higher
^superior,^ higher
^summus,^ (/poetic/) ^suprźmus,^ highest; $summus mōns$, the top of the mountain
^culmen,^ summit
^vertex,^ top
^summus locus,^ highest point
^īnsistere,^ stand on
^surgere, assurgere, cōnsurgere, exsurgere,^ rise, get up
^suspicere,^ look up; /noun/ ^suspectus^
^scandere, ascendere, cōnscendere, źscendere, cōnītī,^ ascend, climb; /noun/ ^ascźnsus, cōnscźnsiō^
^salīre,^ jump; /noun/ ^saltus^
^exsilīre, exsultāre, prōsilīre,^ leap up
^sublīme ferrī,^ fly up
^tollere, attollere, extollere, levāre, sublevāre,^ raise, lift up
^źrigere,^ set up
^subvehere,^ carry or take up (stream)

... down and low ...
^īnfrā^ /Ac/, ^subter^ /Ac/, ^sub^ /Ac/, below, under
^īnfrā, subter^ (/adv./), below
^deorsum,^ downwards
^humilis,^ low; /noun/ ^humilitās^
^prōclīvis,^ descending, downhill
^praeceps,^ steep, precipitous
^profundus,^ deep; /noun/ ^profundum^
^īnferus,^ lower
^īnferior,^ lower (of two)
^īnfimus, īmus,^ lowest; $sub īnfimō colle$, at the foot of the hill
^fundus,^ bottom
^recumbere,^ lie down
^dźpendere, prōpendźre,^ hang down
^dźvehī,^ go down
^dźsīdere,^ sink down
^cōnsīdere,^ sink, subside
^cadere, dźcidere,^ fall; /noun/ ^cāsus^
^prōcumbere,^ fall to the ground
^dźlābī, prōlābī,^ slip down, fall; /noun/ ^prōlāpsiō^
^concidere,^ fall down
^dźscendere,^ climb down; /noun/ ^dźscźnsus^
^dźfluere,^ flow, swim or glide down
^salīre dź^ /Ab/, ^dźsilīre,^ leap down
^ruere,^ rush down, tumble
^dźcurrere,^ run or flow down; /noun/ ^dźcursus^
^dźvolāre,^ fly or hasten down
^dźvolvī,^ rush down
^sź praecipitāre,^ throw oneself down
^dźmittere,^ drop; $sź manibus d.[źmittere]$, let oneself down; /noun/ ^dźmissiō^
^dźferre, dźdūcere, dźportāre,^ bring down
^dźvehere,^ carry down
^pōnere, dźpōnere,^ put down
^afflīgere, abicere, dźicere, dźturbāre,^ throw down; /Acpn/ $praecipitem dźicere$ /or/ $praecipitāre$, cast down headlong
^premere, supprimere,^ press down
^dźtrūdere,^ thrust down
^sternere,^ fell, knock down
^dźvolvere,^ roll down
^dźmergere, immergere,^ sink, plunge (/trans./)
^succīdere,^ cut down

*5.5 through/across*

... through ...
^per^ /Ac/, through
^pervius,^ what can be passed through
^pervādere,^ go through
^percurrere,^ run through
^perequitāre,^ ride through
^pervehī,^ ride, sail, etc., through
^pervolāre,^ fly or hasten through
^trāns-^ (/or/ ^trā-^)^-nāre^ /or/ ^-natāre,^ swim through or across
^perfringere, perrumpere,^ break through
^intercīdere, succīdere,^ cut through
^perferre, pervehere,^ carry through
^perlūcźre,^ shine through
^perspicere,^ see through

QV: pierce, 48.8

... across ...
^trāns^ /Ac/, across
^trānsversus,^ lying across
^trānsīre,^ go across
^trānsgredī, trāicere,^ cross (a river), /also/ make to cross, e.g. $exercitum flūmen trāiźcit$; ^trānsgressus, trāiectus, trāiectiō,^ crossing, passage
^trānscendere,^ cross (a mountain, etc.)
^trānscurrere,^ run across
^trānsilīre,^ leap across
^trā(ns)ferre, trānsportāre, trānsvehere,^ carry across; /noun/ ^trālātiō, trānsvectiō^
^trādūcere,^ lead, bring or carry across
^trānsmittere,^ send across; /noun/ ^trānsmissiō^

*5.6 between*

^inter^ /Ac/, between
^intervāllum,^ space between
^interesse,^ be or lie between
^intercidere,^ fall between
^intericere,^ throw between; /noun/ ^interiectus^
^interpōnere,^ place between, insert; /noun/ ^interpositiō^
^intermittere,^ allow to intervene; /noun/ ^intermissiō

*5.7 side*

^latus,^ side, flank; $ā latere, ā lateribus$, on or at the side(s), on the flank(s)
^dextra,^ right side; ^sinistra, laeva,^ left side
^dextrā (laevā),^ on the right (left)
^dextrōrsum (sinistrōrsum, ad laevam),^ to the right (left)
^utrimque,^ on /or/ from both sides
^ex omnibus partibus,^ from all sides
^ultrō citrōque,^ on this side and on that, to and fro
^ab alterā parte...ab alterā,^ on one side...on the other
^ūnā ex parte,^ from one side
^oblīquus,^ sidelong, slanting; ^oblīquź,^ sideways
^cis^ /Ac/, ^citrā^ /Ac/, on this side of
^citrā, citrō^ /adv./, on this side
^citerior^ /adj./, nearer, on this side
^praeter^ /Ac/, past
^praeterīre, praetergredī,^ pass by
^praetervehī,^ drive, ride or sail by; /noun/ ^praetervectiō^
^trāns^ /Ac/, ^ultrā^ /Ac/, on the farther side of
^ultrā, ultrō, ulterius^ /adv./, beyond
^ulterior^ /adj./, beyond, farther, on the other side

*5.8 opposite*

^contrā^ /Ac/, opposite
^ź regiōne^ /G or D/, ^ex adversō^ /G or D/, ^contrā^ (/adv./), opposite
^adversus, contrārius,^ opposite; $in contrāriās partźs$, in opposite directions
^oppōnere,^ set opposite; /noun/ ^oppositus^

*5.9 on, over/under*

... on, over ...
^super^ /Ac Ab/, over; /also adv./
^nītor,^ rest on, lean on
^subnīsus^ /or/ ^subnīxus,^ resting on
^trānsgredī,^ go over; /noun/ ^trānsgressiō^
^trānscendere,^ step over
^trānsilīre,^ leap over
^superfluere,^ run over, overflow
^superfundī,^ overflow
^superpōnere,^ put on
^trādūcere,^ lead, bring or carry over
^trāicere,^ throw over
^suffundere, superfundere,^ pour over
^imminźre, impendźre, prominźre,^ overhang

... under ...
^sub^ /Ac/, (to) under; /Ab/, under
^subesse,^ be under
^subīre, succźdere,^ go under
^surrźpere,^ creep under
^subdere, submittere,^ put under
^subscrībere,^ write below; /noun/ ^subscrīptiō^
^subdūcere, subtrahere,^ draw from under
^suppōnere,^ put under
^subigere,^ bring under
^subicere,^ bring or throw under
^suggerere,^ lay under
^substernere,^ spread or lay under
^submergere,^ dip under, submerge
^suffundere,^ pour under
^subruere, suffōdere,^ undermine

*6.1 near/far*

... near ...
^quoad? quātenus? quoūsque?^ how far?
^spatium, intervāllum, discrīmen,^ distance
^distāre,^ be distant
^passus,^ pace
^prope^ /Ac/, near; /also adv./, e.g. $prope absum$, am not far away
^apud^ /Ac/, (quite) near
^comminus,^ /adv./, near
^adesse,^ be near, close at hand
^ante pedźs positum esse,^ stare in the face
^adstāre,^ stand at or near
^adhaerźre,^ keep close to; /noun/ ^adhaesiō^
^iuxtā^ /Ac/, ^propter^ /Ac/, close to, hard by
^propter, iuxtā,^ /adv./, near
^propinquus,^ near; /noun/ ^propinquitās;^ ^propior,^ nearer; ^proximus,^ nearest
^subicere,^ bring or throw near
^continźns, appositus, subiectus, cōnfīnis,^ lying near, adjacent
^vīcīnus,^ neighbouring; /nouns/ ^vīcīnitās, vīcīnia^
^subesse,^ be near
^accolere,^ live near; ^accola,^ neighbour
^suppetere,^ be at hand, be present
^haerźre,^ cling, adhere
^ad manum habźre,^ have at hand

... far ...
^procul ā^ /or/ ^ab^ /Ab/, far from
^procul, źminus,^ /adv./, at a distance
^abesse,^ be absent; $longź a.[besse]$, be far away
^ź longinquō,^ from afar
^longinquus,^ distant
^ultimus,^ farthest, very remote
^remōtus,^ remote

QV: words meaning approach and depart, 5.1

*6.2 before/behind*

... before, in front and forward ...
^prō^ /Ab/, in front of
^ante^ /Ac/, before
^prae^ /Ab/, in front of, ahead of
^ante^ /adv./, before
^prōtinus,^ forward
^frōns,^ front; $ā fronte$, in front, before
^prōnus,^ leaning forward
^adversus,^ in front; e.g. $adversum vulnus; adversōs aggressus est$, attacked them in front
^praeīre, praecźdere, praegredī,^ go in front; /noun/ ^praegressiō^
^praecurrere,^ run before, precede; /nouns/ ^praecursiō, praecursor^
^praedūcere,^ take or draw in front
^praeferre,^ carry in front
^praefīgere,^ fasten in front
^praemittere,^ send in advance
^praepōnere,^ set before; /noun/ ^praepositiō^
^praerumpere,^ break off in front
^praesecāre,^ cut off in front
^prōcźdere, prōgredī, prōdīre,^ advance, come forward; /nouns/ ^prōcessiō, prōgressiō, prōgressus^
^prōcumbere,^ fall forward
^prōcurrere,^ run forward; /noun/ ^prōcursus^
^prōvehī,^ advance (esp. of riding or sailing)
^succźdere,^ move forward (/intrans./)
^exsistere,^ come forward
^prōdere,^ go forth
^prōruere,^ rush forward
^sź prōripere,^ burst forth
^prōmovźre,^ move forward (/trans./)
^prōdūcere,^ lead forward
^prōferre,^ bring forward
^impellere, prōpellere,^ drive forward, urge on; /noun/ ^impulsiō^
^prōtrūdere,^ thrust forward
^trūdere, pellere,^ push
^obstāre,^ stand before
^obsistere,^ place oneself before
^obdūcere,^ lead or draw before
^obicere,^ throw before; /noun/ ^obiectus^
^praevertere,^ put before
^obstruere,^ erect in front; /noun/ ^obstrūctiō^
^obtendere,^ draw in front of
^oppōnere,^ set before

... behind and backward, back ...
^post^ /Ac/, ^pōne^ /Ac/, behind
^post, pōne,^ /adv./, behind
^retrō,^ back
^retrōrsum, rursum,^ backwards
^tergum,^ back, rear; $ā tergō$, (from) behind, at the back
^āversus,^ behind; $āversōs aggressus est$, he attacked them from behind
^sequī,^ follow
^subsequī,^ follow up
^succźdere,^ succeed; /noun/ ^successor^
^cźdere, recźdere, retractāre, sź subdūcere^ /refl./, withdraw, retire; /noun/ ^recessus^
^revehī,^ drive, sail, etc., back
^recurrere,^ run or hasten back
^redīre, regredī, revenīre, revertī,^ come back, return; /nouns/ ^reditus, regressus, reversiō,^ return; $reditū interclūdī$, be prevented from returning
^remigrāre,^ wander back, return
^redux,^ returning
^recidere,^ fall back
^resilīre,^ leap back, rebound
^repōnere,^ put back
^revehere,^ bring back
^retrahere,^ draw or drag back
^redūcere, redigere,^ lead back; /noun/ ^reductiō^
^referre, reportāre,^ carry back
^pellere, repellere, refūtāre,^ drive back
^revolvere,^ roll back
^rźicere,^ throw back
^repercutere,^ cast back
^refundere,^ pour back
^remittere,^ send back; /noun/ ^remissiō^
^retinźre, retentāre, refrźnāre, supprimere,^ hold back; /noun/ ^retentiō^
^restringere, revincīre,^ bind back

*6.3 together/apart*

... together ...
^cum^ /Ab/, with
^simul, ūnā,^ /adv./ together, at the same place
^congredī, convenīre, occurrere,^ meet; /nouns/ ^congressiō, congressus, occursus^
^concurrere,^ assemble; /noun/ ^concursus^
^legere, colligere,^ gather, collect; /noun/ ^collźctiō^
^condūcere, cōnferre, cōnstruere,^ bring together; /noun/ ^collātiō, cōnstrūctiō^
^cōgere,^ bring together (by force)
^cōnflīgere,^ strike together; /noun/ ^cōnflīctus^
^congregāre, comportāre,^ bring together
^conicere,^ throw or bring together
^cōnficere,^ get together
^continźre,^ hold together
^contrahere,^ draw together; /noun/ ^contractiō^
^compōnere,^ place together, join; /noun/ ^compositiō^
^stringere,^ bind together
^adnectere, cōnsociāre,^ connect
^cōnfīgere,^ fasten together
^iungere, coniungere, cōnserere, serere, coāgmentāre,^ join; /nouns/ ^iūnctiō, coniūnctiō;^ ^coāgmentum,^ joint
^colligāre, nectere, cōnectere, innectere, cōpulāre,^ bind together, combine; /nouns/ ^nexus, cōpulātiō^
^sociāre, cōnsociāre,^ combine, associate; /noun/ ^societās^
^contexere,^ interweave, connect
^miscźre, commiscźre, immiscźre, permiscźre,^ combine
^admiscźre,^ admix
^cōnfundere,^ pour together, combine; /noun/ ^cōnfūsiō^
^immiscźrī^ /D, or/ ^sź immiscźre,^ mingle with (/intrans./)
^intexere,^ join together
^iūnctus,^ united, combined
^coīre,^ combine, be joined
^nōdus,^ bond

... apart ...
^hiātus,^ cleft, opening, fissure
^lacūna,^ cavity, cleft
^rīma,^ crack, slit, crevice
^sźparātim,^ /less often/ ^seorsum,^ /adv./, apart
^distinźre,^ keep apart
^dīlābī, diffugere,^ scatter, disperse (/intrans./)
^spargere, aspergere,^ scatter, sprinkle; $sź s.[pargere]$ /or/ $spargī$, scatter (/intrans./); /noun/ ^aspersiō^
^cōnspergere, īnspergere, respergere,^ strew, sprinkle
^dispergere,^ scatter about, disperse; /noun/ ^dispersus^
^cōnsternere,^ strew
^differre, diffundere, dispellere, dissipāre,^ scatter; /noun/ ^dissipātiō^
^perfundere,^ sprinkle
^disicere,^ scatter (enemies)
^findere, diffindere, scindere, discindere, interscindere, discerpere, dīvellere,^ cleave, tear, rend asunder; /noun/ ^fissiō^
^dīdūcere, dīvidere, dīmovźre, dirimere, disiungere, disparāre, distinźre, sźiungere, sźcernere, sźclūdere, sźgregāre, sźparāre,^ separate; /nouns/ ^dīductiō, dīvīsiō, dirźmptus, disiūnctiō, sźiūnctiō, sźcrźtiō, sźparātiō^
^dissolvere,^ loosen, separate; /noun/ ^dissolūtiō^
^dīrumpere,^ break asunder, sever
^dīripere,^ tear asunder; /noun/ ^dīreptiō^
^sźparātus,^ separate (/adj./)

QV: divide, distribute, 17.6

... ...
^ligāre, alligāre, obligāre,^ bind
^illigāre,^ tie, knit, fasten together
^dźligāre,^ bind fast
^religāre,^ bind back, bind
^astringere,^ draw together, bind
^restringere,^ bind back or fast
^vincīre,^ bind
^dźvincīre,^ bind fast
^źvincīre,^ bind round
^revincīre,^ bind back
^innectere,^ bind, fasten round

QV: whole, part, 17.6

*6.4 around and middle*

^circum, circā^ /Ac/, around
^circum, circā,^ /adv./, around
^circumiectus,^ surrounding
^circumscrībere,^ enclose (in a circle); ^circumscrīptiō,^ circle, outline
^cingere, circumplectī,^ surround; $gladiō cingitur$, he girds on his sword
^circumsistere, circumstāre,^ stand round
^circumīre,^ go, march around; /noun/ ^circuitus^
^circumclūdere, circumvenīre,^ surround, encompass
^circumvehī,^ ride or sail round; /noun/ ^circumvectiō^
^circumequitāre,^ ride round
^circumdare,^ place round, surround; $c.[ircumdare] bracchia collō$, embrace
^circumdūcere,^ lead around
^circumagere,^ drive round
^circumferre,^ carry round
^circumicere,^ throw round; /noun/ ^circumiectus^
^circumfundere,^ pour round
^circumflāre,^ blow round
^ambīre,^ go round, surround; /noun/ ^ambitus^
^circumfluere,^ flow round
^circumspicere, circumspectāre,^ look round; /noun/ ^circumspectus^

QV: in, 5.2
QV: circle etc. in 12.1

^medius,^ middle; $in mediō mundō$, in the centre of the universe; $media pars$, centre

+7 LAND+

*7.1*

^patria,^ (native) country
^solum, terra,^ country, region
^fīnis,^ boundary; ^fīnźs^ /P/, territory, frontier; $fīnibus ūtī$, stay in one's country
^cōnfīnis,^ adjoining, neighbouring; /noun/ ^cōnfīnium,^ boundary
^agrī nostrī,^ our land
^indigena,^ native
^barbaria^ /or/ ^barbariźs,^ foreign country; ^barbarus,^ foreign, barbarian, /as noun/ foreigner
^prōvincia,^ province; ^prōvinciālźs,^ provincials
^prōcōnsul,^ governor
^cohors,^ staff, retinue
^colōnia,^ settlement; $colōniam collocāre, dźdūcere$, found, plant a colony
^colōnus,^ colonist
^regiō, tractus,^ district
^situs,^ lying, situated; ^situs,^ situation, site

*7.2 country*

^rūs,^ country (not town)
^rūsticus, rūsticānus,^ rural
^ager,^ territory, district, domain, field; $in agrīs habitāre$, live in the country
^agrestis,^ of the country, rustic
^campus,^ field
^prātum,^ meadow; /adj./ ^prātźnsis^

*7.3 hill and dale*

^mōns,^ mountain; $summus m.[ōns]$, the top of the m.[ountain]; $īmus m.[ōns]$, the foot of the m.[ountain]; $sub monte$, at the foot of the m.[ountain]; $sub ipsīs rādīcibus montis$, at the very foot of the m.[ountain]; ^montuōsus, montānus,^ mountainous
^iugum,^ ridge
^prōmunturium,^ headland, promontory
^collis,^ hill; $adversō colle$, up the hill
^tumulus,^ mound, hillock
^agger,^ mound
^mōlźs,^ mound, mole, massive pile
^saxum,^ rock
^scopulus,^ rock, crag; /adj./ ^scopulōsus^
^rūpźs,^ steep rock
^cautźs, cōtźs,^ pointed rock
^antrum, caverna, spźlunca, specus,^ cavern, grotto
^vallis,^ valley
^convallis,^ enclosed valley
^angustiae, faucźs, saltus,^ narrow pass, defile
^vorāgō,^ abyss, chasm
^scrobis,^ ditch
^arduus,^ steep, lofty
^sublīmis, źminźns,^ lofty
^praeceps,^ steep, headlong
^circumcīsus,^ steep, sheer
^praeruptus, abruptus, abscīsus,^ steep, rugged
^apex,^ crest, peak
^fastīgium,^ summit; slope, descent
^dźvexus,^ sloping, steep
^clīvus,^ slope, ascent
^acclīvis,^ uphill, ascending; /noun/ ^acclīvitās^
^locus źditus,^ rising ground; $loca źdita$, uplands
^dźclīvis, prōclīvis,^ sloping down, downhill
^ex locō superiōre (īnferiōre),^ from higher (lower) ground
^dźmissus, dźpressus, humilis,^ low-lying
^ascendere, scandere,^ climb
^attingere,^ reach
^dźscendere,^ climb down
^loca aspera,^ uneven ground
^plānus, aequus, campester,^ level
^aequus locus, aequum, plānum, plānitiźs, campus,^ plain

*7.4 earth*

^terra,^ earth; $t.[erra] continźns$, mainland, continent; /adjs./ ^terrźnus, terrestris^
^terrae mōtus,^ earthquake; ^terrae lābźs^ /or/ ^lāpsus,^ landslide
^tellūs,^ earth
^humus,^ ground; $humī$, on the ground
^solum,^ ground
^harźna,^ sand
^pulvis,^ dust; ^pulverulentus,^ /poet./ ^pulvereus,^ dusty
^lutum,^ mud, clay; /adjs./ ^luteus, lutulentus^
^lapis,^ stone
^asprźtum,^ stony place
^saxźtum,^ rocky region
^silex,^ stone, pebble, flint
^glārea,^ gravel; /adj./ ^glāreōsus^
^glźba,^ lump of earth, clod
^tesca^ (/P/), wastes, steppes

*7.5*

^īnsula,^ island; ^īnsulānus,^ islander
^palūs, stāgnum,^ marsh, swamp, pool, fen; /adj./ ^palūster,^ /poet./ ^palūdōsus^

*7.6 transport by land*

^via,^ road; $mūnīre viam$, make a r.[oad]; $viam sternere$, pave a r.[oad]; $mūnītiō viārum$, road building; $v.[iam] fert$, the r.[oad] leads; $viam ingredī, īnstituere$, take a r.[oad]
^viae transversae,^ cross-street
^compitum,^ crossroads
^trivium,^ crossroads
^trāmes, sźmita,^ bypath, footpath, lane
^callis,^ (stony, uneven) path, mountain path, cattle track

... ...
^vehiculum, raeda,^ (four-wheeled) carriage; ^carpentum,^ (two-wheeled) carriage
^raedārius, aurīga,^ coachman
^currus,^ chariot; $currū vehī$, drive
^essedum,^ war chariot of Gauls and Britons; /later/, travelling carriage
^plaustrum,^ wagon, lorry
^carrus,^ cart (two-wheeled)
^cisium,^ light two-wheeled vehicle
^rota,^ wheel; ^axis,^ axle-tree
^orbita,^ track (of wheels)
^habźnae,^ reins; ^lōra,^ reins, whip
^frźnum,^ bridle; $frźnōs dare$, give reins to; /verb/ ^frźnāre^
^lectīca,^ litter, palanquin; $lectīca octaphora$, /or/ $octaphoron$, litter carried by eight
^ferculum,^ bier, litter
^sella,^ sedan chair
^iter,^ journey; $sź itinerī committere, iter īnstituere$, set out on a journey; $i.[ter] habźre ad$, make one's way to
^impedītus^ (e.g. $locus$), difficult of passage
^invius,^ impassable, pathless
^obsaepīre,^ render impassable
^dźsertus,^ desolate

... ...
^dźverticulum, iter dźvium,^ bypath, byway
^līmes,^ cross-path
^oblīquō itinere,^ by a side road
^via compendiāria,^ short cut
^circuitus, ānfrāctus,^ round-about way
^dź viā dźflectere,^ stray from the road

... ...
^in equō vehī, equitāre,^ ride
^equum cōnscendere,^ mount horse; ^equō dźscendere,^ dismount
^equō citātō, concitātō^ /or/ ^admissō,^ at full gallop
^calcar,^ spur; $equō calcāria subdere, equum calcāribus concitāre$, spur on

QV: travel, 4.4
QV: transport by water, 9.3, 9.4

+8 FARMING+

^agrī cultūra, arātiō,^ agriculture
^opera rūstica,^ farm work, agriculture
^praedium,^ farm
^fundus, rūs,^ farm, country estate
^vīlla,^ country house, farm; /diminutive/ ^vīllula^
^familia rūstica,^ farm hands
^vīlicus,^ bailiff, overseer

*8.1*

^colere,^ cultivate; /nouns/ ^cultor terrae,^ farmer; ^cultus,^ tilling
^agricola, colōnus,^ husbandman, farmer, peasant
^agrestis,^ peasant, farmer
^rūsticus, rūsticānus,^ peasant
^ager, seges,^ field
^iūgerum,^ (2\/3 English) acre
^fertilis, pinguis, ūber, ferāx, frūgibus fźtus, opīmus, fźcundus,^ fertile; /nouns/ ^fertilitās, ūbertās, fźcunditās^
^sterilis,^ barren; /noun/ ^sterilitās^
^macer,^ meagre, lean
^āridus,^ dry
^arātrum,^ plough; ^vōmer,^ ploughshare; ^dentālia,^ sharebeam; /verb/ ^arāre, exarāre;^ ^arātor, bubulcus,^ ploughman, farmer
^armenta^ /P/, cattle for ploughing, herd; ^iugum,^ yoke (of oxen), team; ^stimulus,^ goad
^arvum,^ ploughed land
^sulcus,^ furrow
^occāre,^ harrow
^rāstrum,^ rake, mattock
^dolābra,^ mattock, pickaxe

*8.2*

^serere, obserere,^ sow, plant; ^sator,^ sower
^sźmen,^ seed; $s.[źmen] spargere$, sow seed
^grānum,^ grain, seed
^messis,^ harvest; $messem facere$, reap; ^metere, dźmetere,^ mow, reap; ^messor,^ reaper
^seges,^ crop
^annōna,^ yearly produce (of grain)
^trīticum,^ wheat; ^avźna,^ oats; ^hordeum,^ barley
^spīca, spīcum, arista,^ ear of corn
^lolium,^ tares
^terere,^ thresh; ^ārea,^ threshing-floor
^horreum,^ barn; ^grānārium,^ granary
^acervus,^ heap
^molere,^ grind; ^pīstor,^ miller (also baker); ^pīstrīnum, molae,^ mill; ^mola,^ millstone
^farīna,^ flour
^palea,^ chaff
^strāmentum,^ straw, litter

*8.3*

^pecus (/n/ -oris),^ herd, cattle
^pecus (/f/ -udis),^ head of cattle, beast
^pecuāria,^ breeding of cattle; ^pecuārius,^ cattle-breeder; ^pecuāria^ (/P/), herds of cattle
^bōs,^ ox, cow; /adj./ ^boārius, bovillus; iuvencus,^ bullock, ox; ^iuvenca, būcula,^ heifer; ^taurus,^ bull; ^vacca,^ cow; ^vitulus,^ calf (^vitulīna,^ veal)
^lac,^ milk; /adj./ ^lacteus^; ^cāseus,^ cheese
^mūgīre,^ low, bellow; /noun/ ^mūgītus^
^praesźpe,^ stable, stall, pen
^stabulum,^ stable
^būbīle,^ stall for oxen
^saeptum, saepīmentum,^ fence

*8.4*

^grex,^ flock; ^ovīle,^ sheepfold
^ovis,^ sheep; ^āgnus,^ lamb; ^āgna,^ ewe lamb
^ōpiliō,^ shepherd
^lāna,^ wool; /adj./ ^lāneus; vellus,^ fleece
^ariźs,^ ram
^vervźx,^ wether
^caper,^ /f/ ^capra,^ goat; ^hircus,^ he-goat; ^haedus,^ kid
^porcus,^ pig; ^verrźs,^ male swine; ^porca,^ sow, /adj./ ^porcīnus;^ ^porcīna^ /f/, pork
^subulcus,^ swineherd
^perna,^ ham
^lārdum,^ bacon
^hara,^ pigsty

QV: domestic quadrupeds, 21.2
QV: domestic birds, 21.5

*8.5*

^pascere,^ pasture, feed; ^pāstus,^ feeding; fodder; pasture; ^vźscī,^ feed on; ^pāscua,^ pasture
^sagīna,^ feeding, fodder, fatted animal; /verb/ ^sagīnāre^
^pāstor,^ herdsman; /adjs./ ^pāstōrālis, pāstōricius^
^grāmen,^ grass, pasture; /adj./ ^grāmineus^
^prātum,^ meadow; ^fźnum,^ hay
^falx,^ sickle
^fźnīlia,^ hayloft

+9 SEA, RIVER, ETC.+

*9.1*

^mare,^ sea
^aequor,^ /poet./ ^pontus^ /and/ ^pelagus^ /n/, sea
^marīnus, maritimus,^ of the sea; ^trānsmarīnus,^ across the sea
^altum,^ high sea, deep; $in a.[ltum] prōvehī$, sail out to sea
^Ōceanus,^ ocean
^ōra,^ coast
^lītus,^ shore
^acta,^ beach
^aestus,^ tide, surge
^unda, flūctus,^ wave; ^flūctuāre,^ wave, undulate
^salum,^ movement of sea; $s.[alum] aerumnōsum$, sea of troubles
^gurges, vorāgō,^ whirlpool
^vertex,^ /older/ ^vortex,^ eddy; /adj./ ^vorticōsus^
^spūma,^ foam; /verb/ ^spūmāre,^ foam, cover with foam; /adjs./ ^spūmeus, spūmōsus^
^aqua,^ water; /adjs./ ^aquārius,^ water-; ^aquōsus,^ rainy, moist; ^aquātilis,^ living in water; ^aquārī,^ fetch water; /nouns/ ^aquātiō, aquātor^
^āridus, siccus,^ dry; ^ārźre,^ be dry; ^siccāre, exārźscere,^ dry up
^ūmidus,^ moist; /noun/ ^ūmor^; ^ūvidus,^ /poet./, soaked; ^madidus,^ dripping; ^madźre,^ drip
^mānāre,^ drip, flow
^rōrāre,^ drip, trickle
^stīllāre,^ drip, let drip
^imbuere, madefacere, perfundere,^ wet (/trans./)
^irrigāre,^ water, irrigate; /noun/ ^irrigātiō^
^alluere,^ wash, bathe
^inundāre,^ inundate, overflow; /noun/ ^inundātiō^
^źluviō,^ inundation
^vapor,^ steam; /verb/ ^vapōrāre^

*9.2*

^flūmen,^ stream; $flūmine adversō$, up-stream; $flūmine secundō$, down-stream; $pedibus f.[lūmen] trānsīre$, ford a s.[tream]; /adj./ ^flūmineus,^ /poet./
^amnis, fluvius,^ river; /adjs./ ^fluviātilis, fluviālis^
^canālis,^ canal, channel
^fluere,^ flow; ^dźfluere,^ flow down or towards
^confluźns,^ confluence of two rivers
^pōns,^ bridge; $pontem in flūmine facere$, throw a b.[ridge] over a river; $pontem interrumpere, rescindere$ /or/ $interscindere$, break down b.[ridge]
^rīvus,^ brook, stream; /diminutive/ ^rīvulus^
^torrźns,^ torrent
^fōns,^ spring, fountain; /diminutive/ ^fonticulus^
^salientźs,^ fountains, springs
^caput,^ source (/rarely/ mouth) of river
^vadum,^ shallow water, shoal, ford; $flūmen vadō trānsīre$, ford a river; /adj./ ^vadōsus,^ shallow
^rīpa,^ bank; /diminutive/ ^rīpula^
^sinus,^ bay
^aestuārium,^ estuary
^fretum, eurīpus,^ strait, channel
^lacus,^ lake, pond
^puteus,^ well; ^puteal,^ curb of well
^haurīre,^ draw (water); /noun/ ^haustus^
^exhaurīre,^ draw out, drain off

*9.3 transport by water*

^rźs nauticae,^ naval matters
^nāvis, nāvigium,^ ship; /dim./ ^nāvicula^
^nāvis onerāria,^ merchant vessel, transport
^lembus,^ yacht, cutter; ^āctuāria, celōx,^ swift sailing vessel, cutter; ^phasźlus,^ light vessel; ^scapha,^ boat; ^linter,^ row-boat; ^ratis,^ raft, pontoon
^rźmus,^ oar; $rźmīs incumbere, nāvem rźmīs prōpellere$, row; $rźmīs concitāre, incitāre nāvźs rźmīs$, row hard
^rźmex,^ rower; ^rźmigium,^ rowing, oars, oarsmen; ^rźmigāre,^ row
^scalmus,^ rowlock
^trānstrum,^ bench for rowers
^birźmis, trirźmis, quadrirźmis,^ vessels with two, three, four banks of oars
^cōnscźnsiō in nāvźs,^ embarkation
^źgressus, źscźnsiō,^ landing (from ship)
^portus,^ harbour, haven; $portum petere, capere$, make land; $in portum venīre$, enter h.[arbour]; $in portum pervenīre$ /or/ $sź recipere$ /or/ $portum tenźre$, reach h.[arbour]; $in portū stāre$, ride at anchor
^mōlźs,^ mole
^iactārī tempestāte,^ be tossed about by storm
^nāvis afflīcta^ /or/ ^afflīctāta,^ damaged ship
^naufragium,^ shipwreck; $n.[aufragium] facere$, be shipwrecked; $naufragiō perīre$ /or/ $interīre$, be lost in s.[hipwreck]; ^nāvis frangitur^ /or/ ^dźperit,^ ship founders; ^naufragus, źiectus in lītus^ /or/ ^in lītore,^ shipwrecked

*9.4 navigation*

^ars gubernandī,^ navigation
^nāvigāre,^ sail, navigate; /noun/ ^nāvigātiō,^ voyage, travelling by sea
^źvehī, in altum prōvehī,^ put or sail out to sea
^ōram legere,^ sail along the coast
^applicāre (sc. nāvem) ad terram,^ steer to shore
^dźferrī, fluitāre,^ drift
^nauarchus,^ captain of ship
^nauta,^ /poet./ ^nāvita,^ sailor
^homō maritimus,^ seaman
^gubernātor,^ pilot, mate, helmsman; ^gubernāre,^ steer; ^gubernāculum,^ helm
^mālus,^ mast
^vźlum, linteum,^ sail; $vźla dare, pandere$, set sail; $vźla contrahere$, reef sails
^armāmenta^ /P/, tackle, rigging; ^fūnis,^ rope; ^ancorāle,^ cable
^prōra,^ prow; ^rōstrum,^ beak, ram
^alveus,^ hull of ship
^carīna,^ keel; /poet./ ship
^puppis,^ poop, stern (/also/ ship)
^ancora,^ anchor; $ancoram iacere$, cast a.[nchor]; $a.[ncoram] tollere$ /or/ $mōlīrī$, weigh a.[nchor], set sail; $stāre$ /or/ $cōnsistere in ancorīs$, ride at a.[nchor]

*9.5 fleet*

^classis,^ fleet; $classem īnstruere$, draw up f.[leet]; $classī pūgnāre$, fight a naval battle; /adj./ ^classicus;^ ^nāvis longa,^ man-of-war
^nāvibus plūrimum posse,^ have a powerful fleet
^praefectus classis,^ commander, admiral; ^nāvis praetōria,^ flagship
^classicī mīlitźs, classiāriī,^ marines
^mīlitźs in nāvźs impōnere,^ put s.[oldiers] on board, embark s.[oldiers]; $m.[īlitźs] (ex nāvibus) expōnere (in terram, in terrā, in lītora)$, land or disembark soldiers
^proelium nāvāle, pūgna nāvālis,^ sea fight
^nāvem expedīre,^ clear the decks for action
^classźs concurrunt,^ the fleets charge; ^concursus,^ collision, shock
^manūs ferreae, cōpulae, harpagō,^ grappling irons
^in nāvem trānscendere, nāvem expūgnāre,^ board a ship
^nāvem rōstrō percutere,^ ram a ship
^nāvem dźmergere, submergere, dźprimere,^ sink a ship; /usu. in past part./ $submersus$; ^sź mergere^ /or/ ^mergī,^ sink (/intrans./)
^nāvem in lītus agere,^ drive a ship on shore

QV: transport by water, 9.3, 9.4

*9.6 clean/unclean*

... clean, pure ...
^pūrus,^ clean, spotless
^mundus,^ clean, neat
^incorruptus, integer,^ unspoilt, pure; /noun/ ^integritās^
^lavāre,^ wash; ^lābrum,^ bath
^tergźre,^ wipe, clean
^mantźle,^ towel
^pūrgāre, expūrgāre,^ clean, purify

... unclean, soil ...
^immundus, impūrus, spurcus,^ unclean; /noun/ ^impūritās;^ /verb/ ^spurcāre,^ defile
^luteus, lutulentus,^ filthy
^lutum,^ mud; ^līmus,^ slime, mire; /adj./ ^limōsus;^ ^caenum,^ mire, filth; ^illuviźs,^ dirt, filth
^macula,^ stain, blemish; /verb/ ^maculāre;^ /adj./ ^maculōsus^
^situs,^ dirt, mould, rust
^sordźre,^ be dirty; /noun/ ^sordźs;^ /adj./ ^sordidus^
^squālźre,^ be dirty; /noun/ ^squālor;^ /adj./ ^squālidus^
^contāmināre, inquināre, oblinere, polluere, turpāre,^ defile, soil, besmirch
^imbuere,^ taint
^īnficere,^ spoil, infect
^contāctus,^ defiled, infected
^dźprāvāre,^ pervert, corrupt; /noun/ ^dźprāvātiō^

*9.7 liquid, oily*

^liquźre,^ be liquid; /noun/ ^liquor;^ ^liquidus,^ liquid, clear; ^liquefacere,^ melt; ^liquźscere,^ grow liquid, melt
^fluere,^ flow; ^cōnfluere,^ flow together; ^dźfluere,^ flow down; ^effluere,^ flow forth
^fundere,^ pour; ^cōnfundere,^ pour together; ^diffundere,^ pour out or forth; ^effundere,^ pour forth
^oleum,^ oil; /adj./ ^oleārius^
^lūbricus,^ slippery
^linere, oblinere,^ smear
^ung(u)ere,^ anoint, smear; ^unguentum,^ ointment, salve; ^ūnctiō,^ anointing; ^ūnctor,^ anointer
^dźlibūtus,^ smeared, anointed
^gutta,^ drop (thin and clear); ^stīlla,^ drop (thick and viscous)

QV: wet, drip, 9.1

+10 SKY+

*10 sky*

^aethźr,^ (pure upper) air, ether; /adj./ ^aetherius;^ ^āźr,^ (lower) air
^anima,^ air (as element)
^aura,^ air; /P poet./, sky
^caelum,^ heaven, sky; $serźnum c.[aelum]$, clear sky; ^caelestis,^ heavenly, of the sky
^sub dīvō,^ under the open sky
^caelestia^ /P/, heavenly bodies
^stźlla,^ /poet./ ^astrum,^ star; ^stźlla errāns^ /or/ ^inerrāns,^ planet; ^sphaera,^ orbit of planet; ^trāiectiō stźllae,^ shooting star; ^stźllāns, stźllātus,^ starry
^sīdus,^ star, constellation; /adj./ ^sīdereus^
^sīgnum,^ constellation
^lūna,^ moon; $l.[ūna] plźna$, full m.[oon]; $l.[ūna] nova$, new m.[oon]; $dźfectiō lūnae$, eclipse of the m.[oon]; $dźfectus lūnae$, waning of m.[oon]; /adjs./ ^lūnāris,^ moon-, ^lūnātus,^ crescent-shaped
^vesper,^ evening star
^lūcifer^ /m G/ ^-erī^, morning star
^comźtźs,^ comet; ^crīnis,^ tail of comet; ^fax caelestis^ /or/ ^caelī,^ meteor
^caelī interpres,^ astronomer
^mōtūs stźllārum observāre,^ observe the movements of the stars
^sōl,^ sun, heat of sun; ^lūx, lūx sōlis,^ /or/ ^sōl,^ sunlight; $obscūrātiō$ /or/ $dźfectiō sōlis$, eclipse of the sun
^calor,^ warmth; /adj./ ^calidus;^ /verbs/ ^calźre,^ be hot; ^calefacere,^ make hot
^ārdor,^ heat; /verb/ ^ārdźre^
^aestus,^ heat, glow; /adj./  ^aestuōsus;^ /verb/ ^aestuāre^
^orīrī,^ rise; ^sōl oriźns^ /or/ ^sōlis ortus,^ sunrise
^occidere,^ set; ^sōl occidźns^ /or/ ^sōlis occāsus,^ sunset
^obitus,^ setting (of heavenly bodies)
^aprīcus,^ sunny; ^aprīcārī,^ take the sun, bask
^obscūrus, opācus,^ dark, dusky, shady; ^obscūrum,^ darkness, shade; ^opācāre,^ cast shade on

QV: heat, 15; light, 16

+11 SEASONS, WINDS, WEATHER+

*11.1 season*

^vźr,^ spring; /adj./ ^vernus^
^aestās,^ summer; $a.[estās] media$, mid-summer; $summā aestāte$, at the height of summer; /adj./ ^aestīvus;^ $aestīva tempora$, summer time
^autumnus,^ autumn; /adj./ ^autumnālis^
^hiemps,^ winter; $initā hieme$, at the beginning of w.[inter]; $summā hieme$, in the depth of w.[inter]; $ante exāctam hiemem$, before the end of w.[inter]; $iam prope hieme cōnfectā$, when w.[inter] was nearly over; /adj./ ^hībernus^

*11.2 winds*

^ventus,^ wind; $v.[entus] secundus$, favourable w.[ind]; $v.[entus] adversus$, unfavourable w.[ind]; $v.[entus] remissus$, gentle w.[ind]; $vīs ventōrum$, fierce wind; /adj./ ^ventōsus^
^anima, aura,^ breeze
^etźsiae,^ winds, during dog-days
^flāre,^ blow; /noun/ ^flātus,^ blast, wind
^septentriōnźs ventī, septentriō,^ north wind
^boreās,^ north-east wind
^aquilō,^ north wind (stricly NNE.)
^caurus^ /or/ ^cōrus,^ north-west wind
^auster,^ /poet./ ^notus,^ south wind; ^austrālis,^ southern
^eurus,^ south-east wind; ^eurōus,^ eastern
^vulturnus ventus,^ ESE. wind
^favōnius,^ /poet./ ^zephyrus,^ west wind

*11.3 weather*

^caelum,^ climate, weather; $temperātiō caeli$, moderate climate
^tempestās,^ weather; $t.[empestās] bona, źgregia, serźna, serźnitās caelī$, fine weather; $t.[empestās] turbida, turbulenta$, rough, stormy weather; ^commūtātiō caelī,^ change of weather
^sūdum,^ bright weather
^tranquillitās, tranquillum,^ calmness, calm
^malacia,^ calm (at sea)
^nūbźs, nimbus,^ cloud; /diminutive/ ^nūbźcula;^ /adj./ ^nūbilus^
^nūbila^ /P/, clouds
^nebula,^ mist, fog
^cālīgō,^ dense fog; /adj./ ^cālīginōsus^
^pluvia,^ rain; ^imber,^ heavy rain; $assiduī imbrźs$, steady downpour; ^pluit,^ it rains; ^pluvius, pluviālis,^ rainy; $aquae pluviae$, rainwater

QV: wet, 9.1

^tempestās, procella, turbō,^ storm; $tempestās cooritur$, a s.[torm] rises
^imprōvīsus,^ unforeseen
^subitus,^ sudden
^arcus (pluvius),^ rainbow
^rōs,^ dew; $rōrźs$, dewdrops; /adj./ ^rōscidus;^ ^rōrāre,^ drop dew
^ningit,^ it snows; ^nix,^ snow; /adjs./ ^niveus, nivālis^
^pruīna,^ hoar-frost
^grandō,^ hail, hailstorm
^frīgus, gelū,^ frost, cold; $vīs frīgoris$, keen frost; ^frīgźre,^ freeze; /adjs./ ^frīgidus, gelidus^
^glaciźs,^ ice; /adj./ ^glaciālis^
^stīria,^ icicle
^gelāre, glaciāre,^ freeze (/trans./); /impers./ ^gelat,^ it freezes
^tonat,^ it thunders; /noun/ ^tonitrus^ /or/ ^tonitrum^
^fulgur,^ lightning; /verb/ ^fulgźre^
^fulmen,^ thunderbolt, flash
^ictus ź caelō, dź caelō percussus, fulmine^ /or/ ^dź caelō tāctus,^ struck by lightning

+12-20 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES+

QV: sound, 13; sight, 14; heat, 15; light, 16; size, 17; weight, 19

*12.1 shape and consistency*

^fōrma, figūra, speciźs,^ shape; /verbs/ ^fōrmāre, fingere, figūrāre, cōnfōrmāre, īnfōrmāre^
^cōnfōrmātiō,^ shaping
^multifōrmis,^ of many shapes
^īnfōrmis,^ shapeless, misshapen
^dźfōrmis, prāvus, distortus,^ misshapen, deformed; /nouns/ ^dźfōrmitās, prāvitās;^ /verb/ ^dźfōrmāre^
^longus,^ long; /noun/ ^longitūdō^
^brevis,^ short; /noun/ ^brevitās^
QV: high, low, 5.4

^lātus, amplus, capāx,^ wide; /nouns/ ^lātitūdō, amplitūdō^
^angustus, artus,^ narrow; ^coartāre,^ compress
QV: large, small, 17.1

^crassus,^ thick, coarse; /noun/ ^crassitūdō^
^tenuis,^ thin; /noun/ ^tenuitās;^ /verb/ ^extenuāre^
^dźnsus, spissus,^ thick, dense; /verb/ ^spissāre^
^rārus,^ of loose texture, thin; /noun/ ^rāritās^
^rźctus, dźrźctus,^ straight; /adv./ ^rźctā (sc. viā),^ straight on, directly; ^linea,^ line; ^perpendiculum,^ plumb-line; $ad p.[erpendiculum]$, perpendicularly
^prāvus, curvus, incurvus,^ crooked; /noun/ ^prāvitās;^ /verbs/ ^curvāre, incurvāre^
^aduncus,^ hooked
^cavus, concavus,^ hollow, concave; /verb/ ^cavāre^
^convexus,^ rounded, convex, concave
^quadrātus,^ square; /noun/ ^quadrātum^
^rotundus, teres,^ round
^circulus,^ circle
^orbis,^ anything round (circle, etc.)
^g~yrus,^ circle
^globus,^ ball; /adj./ ^globōsus^
^centrum, media pars,^ centre
^radius,^ radius (of circle)
^circinus,^ pair of compasses
^acūtus,^ sharp; /verb/ ^acuere^
^hebes, retūsus,^ blunt; /verbs/ ^hebźre,^ be blunt; ^hebetāre, retundere,^ blunt

... senses ...
^sźnsus,^ sense, sensation, feeling; ^ea quae subiecta sunt sźnsibus,^ what can be perceived by the senses
^sentīre,^ feel, perceive, be sensible of

*12.2 touch*

^tāctus,^ sense of touch, act of touching
^tangere, contingere, tractāre, attrectāre, contrectāre,^ touch; ^pertractāre,^ feel all over; /noun/ ^tractātiō,^ touching; /adj./ ^tractābilis^
^dūrus,^ hard; /noun/ ^dūritia;^ /verbs/ ^dūrāre, obdūrźscere^
^mollis,^ soft; /noun/ ^mollitia, mollitiźs;^ /verb/ ^mollīre,^ soften; ^mollźscere,^ grow soft
^tener,^ tender, soft; /noun/ ^teneritās^
^solidus,^ firm, hard; ^solidum,^ firmness
^fīrmus,^ firm; /nouns/ ^fīrmitās, fīrmitūdō^
^rigidus,^ stiff; ^rigźre,^ be stiff; ^rigźscere,^ become stiff
^flaccidus, fluidus,^ flabby
^asper,^ rough; /noun/ ^asperitās;^ /verb/ ^exasperāre^
^horridus,^ rough, prickly
^lźvis,^ smooth; /noun/ ^lźvitās^

... touch lightly, touch upon ...
^tangere,^ touch upon, refer to
^rādere,^ touch, graze, pass close by
/Actg/ ^orātiōne percurrere,^ touch upon
^stringere,^ touch lightly; ^strictim,^ superficially, summarily
^perstringere, trānsīre,^ touch upon

*12.3 smell*

^odōrātus,^ sense of smell, act of smelling
^odor,^ smell (good or bad); $o.[dor] suāvis$, /or/ $iūcundus$, fragrance, scent; $o.[dor] taeter$ /or/ $gravis$, /or/ $fźtor$, bad smell; /adj./ ^fźtidus^
^olźre, redolźre,^ smell of; $nihil olźre$, have no smell; ^olfacere,^ smell, follow a scent
^nīdor,^ smell (of things burnt, singed, cooked)
^pūtźre,^ stink

*12.4 taste*

^gustātus,^ sense of taste
^sapor,^ taste, flavour; $sine sapōre$, tasteless
^gustāre,^ taste; $prīmīs labrīs g.[ustāre]$, get a slight taste of; ^sapere,^ have a taste
^dulcis, suāvis,^ sweet, agreeable; /nouns/ ^dulcźdō, dulcitūdō^
^palātō iūcundus,^ toothsome, palatable
^acerbus,^ harsh, sour; /intensive/ ^peracerbus;^ /noun/ ^acerbitās^
^acidus,^ sour, tart; ^acźscere,^ grow sour; ^salsus,^ salt (/adj./); ^amārus,^ bitter

+13 SOUND+

*13.1*

^sźnsus aurium,^ (sense of) hearing
^sonus, sonitus,^ sound; $sonum percipere$, hear a s.[ound]; $sonōs fundere$, utter s.[ounds]; /verb/ ^sonāre,^ emit a s.[ound], utter, call, sing, cause to s.[ound]; ^personāre,^ resound, ring with, echo with; ^resonāre,^ resound, re-echo
^clārus,^ loud, distinct; /noun/ ^clāritās^
^argūtus,^ shrill, distinct, murmuring, rattling, etc.
^acūtus,^ high; ^gravis,^ low
^tacitus, silźns,^ noiseless, silent
^clangor,^ noise (espec. of birds)
^strepitus,^ din; /verb/ ^strepere^
^strīdor,^ harsh sound; /verb/ ^strīdźre, strīdere,^ hiss, creak, rattle, buzz
^crepitus,^ rattling, etc., sound; /verb/ ^crepāre, crepitāre, increpāre^
^tinnīre,^ clink, jingle; ^tintinnābulum,^ bell
^sībilus,^ whistling; /verb/ ^sībilāre^
^fremitus,^ roaring sound; /verb/ ^fremere^
^fragor,^ crash, din
^mūgītus,^ roaring, crashing sound; /verb/ ^mūgīre^
^murmur,^ humming, roaring, growling sound; /verb/ ^murmurāre^
^gemitus,^ sigh, groan, moan; /verb/ ^gemere, ingemīscere^
^gemere,^ /also/ roar, creak
QV: voice, speech, 41

^audītus,^ sense of hearing; /verb/ ^audīre, exaudīre^
^auribus percipere,^ hear
^aurem^ /or/ ^aurźs admovźre^ /D/, /or/ ^aurźs praebźre,^ lend an ear
^auscultāre,^ listen

*13.2 music*

^mūsica, mūsicź, mūsica^ /P/, music; /adj./ ^mūsicus,^ /as noun/, musician
^modus,^ melody, harmony, rhythm; /espec. in P/, tune, strain
^numerus,^ musical measure, harmony; ^numerōsus,^ rhythmical
^harmonia,^ harmony
^canōrus,^ melodious, sweet-sounding
^absonus,^ discordant
^tībia,^ flute; ^tībīcen^ (/m/), ^tībīcina^ (/f/), flute-player
^cithara,^ lute; ^fidźs^ (/P/), ^lyra,^ lute, lyre; $fidibus discere, docźre$, learn, teach the l.; $fidibus canere$, play the l.; ^fidicen,^ lute-player
^psallere,^ play on the cithara
^plectrum,^ quill
^fistula,^ reed pipe
^cymbalum,^ cymbal
^tympanum,^ tambourine
^tuba,^ (straight) trumpet; ^tubīcen,^ trumpeter
^būcina, cornū,^ (curved) trumpet; ^cornicen,^ horn-blower
^lituus,^ curved trumpet (of cavalry); ^liticen,^ trumpeter
^classicum,^ trumpet signal

QV: song, 41.13

+14 SIGHT+

*14.1*

^sźnsus videndī^ /or/ ^oculōrum, aspectus,^ (sense of) sight
^vīsus,^ sight, vision; look, glance
^vidźre,^ see; $bene oculīs v.[idźre]$, have good sight; $ācrius v.[idźre]$, have keen sight; ^cernere,^ see (distinctly); $parum acūtź c.[ernere]$, have poor sight
^oculī ācrźs atque acūtī,^ keen sight; ^aciźs,^ sharpness of sight
^cōnspicere, dispicere, cōnspicārī, oculīs percipere,^ see, behold; ^cōnspectus,^ view, range of sight, attention; $venīre in cōnspectum$, come into sight; $ź cōnspectū abīre$, go out of sight; ^cōnspicuus,^ visible
^prōspicere, prōspectāre,^ look out; $longź$ /or/ $multum prōspicere$, have an extensive prospect; ^prōspectus,^ view, prospect, sight
^spectāre,^ see (as a spectator), gaze at; ^spectāculum,^ spectacle, sight, show; /Dpn/ $s.[pectāculum] praebźre, s.[pectāculum]$ (/or/ $spectāculō$) $esse$, present a sight; ^spectātor,^ onlooker, witness; ^speculāre,^ look round, spy out, watch
^aspicere, respicere, vīsere,^ look at, regard; /nouns/ ^aspectus,^ look, appearance, sight; $quae sub aspectum veniunt$ /or/ $cadunt$, all things visible; ^respectus,^ looking back or about
^tuźrī,^ look at, watch
^intuźrī, contuźrī,^ look at or towards, consider; $rźctīs oculīs intuźrī$, look at with unyielding glance
^obtūtus,^ contemplation, look
^contemplārī,^ view attentively, survey; /noun/ ^contemplātiō^
^aspectāre,^ look at intently
^intrōspicere, perspicere, īnspectāre,^ look on, examine, inspect, consider
^collūstrāre,^ look at from all sides
^oculum^ (/or/ ^oculōs^) ^adicere^ /D or/ ^ad^ /Ac/, turn the eyes to, contemplate
^oculōs in^ /Ac/ ^dźfīgere,^ fix one's eyes on
^oculōs in^ /Ac/ ^conicere,^ look at

*14.2 in/out of sight*

... in sight; display, search for, find ...
^praesźns,^ present
^cōram, palam,^ openly; $cōram adesse$, be present; $cōram$ /with Ab/, in the presence of
^īnspectantibus nōbīs,^ before our eyes
^vulgō,^ openly, publicly, before all the world
^in medium venīre^ /or/ ^prōcźdere, prōcźdere in sōlem et pulverem,^ appear in public
^habitāre oculīs, vīvere in oculīs cīvium,^ be in the public eye
^in ōre omnium cottīdiź versārī,^ be always in the public eye
^haerźre in oculīs,^ be ever before the eyes
^scaenae servīre,^ live in the public eye

... ...
^patźre,^ stand, lie, be open
^exhibźre, mōnstrāre, ostendere, ostentāre, explicāre, exprōmere, indicāre, ante oculōs^ /or/ ^in oculīs pōnere, praeferre, prōdere,^ show, display
^prae sź ferre^ /or/ ^gerere^ /Actg./, manifest, display
^repraesentāre,^ show, display, represent
^patefacere, reclūdere, in aspectum lūcemque prōferre, prōmere, dźtegere, retegere,^ reveal, throw open, disclose, bring to light; /noun/ ^patefactiō^
^appārźre, compārźre, sź offerre^ /Dpn/, ^in medium prōcźdere, prōdīre,^ appear
^dīlūcźre, źlūcźre,^ be clear
^aperīre,^ open, reveal; ^apertus,^ open, uncovered
^quaerere, conquīrere, exquīrere, inquīrere, requīrere, petere,^ seek, search for; ^perquīrere, petessere,^ search keenly for; /nouns/ ^conquīsītiō, inquīsītiō^
^explōrāre,^ try to find out
^scrūtārī,^ look through, examine
^vestīgāre,^ track, seek out
^repetere,^ seek again
^invenīre, reperīre,^ find; ^inventiō,^ invention
^recuperāre,^ recover; /noun/ ^recuperātiō^

... out of sight; hide, lose ...
^absźns,^ absent
^clam, clanculum,^ secretly; /with Ab/, without the knowledge of, unknown to
^fūrtim,^ stealthily
^latźre, latitāre,^ lie hid; /noun/ ^latibulum, latebrae,^ hiding-place; ^latebrōsus,^ full of hiding-places
^dźlitźscere,^ hide (/intrans./)
^cźlāre, dissimulāre, occulere, abdere, abstrūdere, contegere, obtegere,^ hide (/trans./); /noun/ ^occultum,^ hiding-place
^recondere,^ stow away, hide, conceal
^abscondere,^ put out of the way, hide (carefully)
^fūrārī,^ remove secretly
^operīre, tegere, prōtegere,^ cover, keep secret; ^cooperīre,^ cover completely
^rźs opertae,^ secrets
^integumentum,^ cover, cloak
^vźlāre,^ veil, conceal
^abditus, abstrūsus, clandestīnus, fūrtīvus, occultus,^ concealed, secret
^reconditus,^ hidden, sequestered, abstruse
^sźcrźtus,^ remote, secret; /noun/ ^sźcrźtum,^ solitude; secret
^recessus, sźcessus,^ hidden place, retreat
^źvānźscere,^ disappear
^remōtus,^ distant, remote
^arcānus,^ hidden, secret; /noun/ ^arcānum,^ secret
^āmittere,^ lose; /noun/ ^āmissiō^
^perdere, dźperdere,^ lose (through my fault)

*14.3 beautiful/ugly*

... beautiful, charming ...
^pulcher,^ beautiful, fine; /noun/ ^pulchritūdō^
^fōrma,^ (personal) beauty; /adj./ ^fōrmōsus,^ /noun/ ^fōrmōsitās^
^speciźs,^ beauty; /adj./ ^speciōsus^
^nitźns,^ brilliant, beautiful
^candidus,^ fair; /noun/ ^candor^
^venustus,^ comely, charming, winsome, graceful; /noun/ ^venustās^
^concinnus,^ pretty, dainty, graceful
^dulcis, blandus,^ pleasant, charming; ^dulcźdō,^ charm; ^blandior,^ allure, attract
^lepor,^ charm, agreeableness; /adj./ ^lepidus,^ of charming manners, graceful
^bellus,^ pretty, charming, elegant
^aureolus, dźlicātus,^ charming, delightful
^exquīsītus,^ choice, excellent
^amoenus,^ lovely, delightful, picturesque (espec. of scenery, e.g. $loca amoena$); /noun/ ^amoenitās^
^laetus,^ delightful, pleasing
^ōrnāre, adōrnāre, exōrnāre, decorāre, expolīre, illūmināre, polīre,^ adorn, embellish; /nouns/ ^ōrnāmentum,^ ornament; ^ōrnātus,^ ornament (collective); ^exōrnātiō, decus,^ ornament, embellishment; ^expolītiō,^ embellishing
^commendāre,^ make agreeable, grace; /noun/ ^commendātiō^

... ugly ...
^dźfōrmis,^ ugly; /noun/ ^dźfōrmitās^
^īnfōrmis,^ hideous
^taeter,^ revolting
^turpis,^ ugly, foul
^foedus,^ disgusting, loathsome; /noun/ ^foeditās^
^obscźnus,^ ugly, filthy
^squālidus,^ dirty, ugly
^dźfōrmāre,^ disfigure, mar
^foedāre,^ make foul, defile, pollute
^commaculāre,^ soil, defile
^inquināre,^ soil, stain, besmirch
^īnfuscāre,^ disfigure

*14.4 colour*

^color,^ colour; /verb/ ^colōrāre^
^pīgmentum,^ colour, paint
^pingere,^ paint; ^pictor,^ painter; ^pictūra,^ (art of) painting, picture; ^tabula (picta),^ picture
^tingere, īnficere, sufficere,^ dye; ^īnfector,^ dyer
^fūcāre,^ dye, paint; ^fūcātus, fūcōsus,^ painted
^suffundere,^ tinge, colour
^albus,^ (dull) white; ^candidus, candźns,^ (glossy) white; /verbs/ ^albźre,^ be white; ^albźscere,^ become white
^nivālis, niveus,^ snow-white
^candor,^ whiteness
^āter,^ (dull) black; ^niger,^ (glossy) black
^caeruleus,^ /poet./ ^caerulus,^ azure, dark-blue
^caesius, glaucus,^ bluish grey
^līvidus,^ bluish, of leaden colour
^ruber, rūfus,^ red; /noun/ ^rubor; pūniceus^ scarlet
^ferrūgō,^ dark-red colour
^fūcus,^ red or purple colour
^purpura,^ crimson (colour); /adj./ ^purpureus,^ crimson, reddish, brownish
^viola,^ violet colour
^spādīx,^ chestnut brown
^roseus,^ rose-coloured, rosy
^viridis,^ green; /verb/ ^virźre,^ be green
^rutilus,^ red, golden yellow; /verb/ ^rutilāre^
^flāvus,^ /poet./ ^flāvźns,^ (golden) yellow
^lūteus, croceus,^ saffron yellow, golden yellow
^lūridus, gilvus,^ pale yellow
^fulvus,^ (deep) yellow, tawny
^rāvus,^ greyish yellow, tawny
^fuscus,^ dark, tawny
^pullus,^ dark grey, blackish
^discolor,^ of different colour(s)
^varius, versicolor,^ many-coloured; /noun/ ^varietās^

QV: colours of charioteers, 35.5

+15 HEAT+

^calor,^ heat; /adj./ ^calidus;^ /verb/ ^calźre,^ be hot; ^calefacere,^ make hot; ^calźscere,^ grow hot; ^concalefacere,^ heat thoroughly; ^concalźscere,^ grow thoroughly hot; ^recalźscere,^ grow hot again
^candźre,^ glow
^ārdor,^ (burning) heat; /verb/ ^ārdźre,^ be on fire
^fervor,^ (glowing) heat; /adj./ ^fervźns, fervidus;^ /verb/ ^fervźre^
^aestus,^ (excessive) heat; /adj./ ^aestuōsus;^ /verb/ ^aestuāre,^ feel hot
^tepor,^ lukewarmness; /adj./ ^tepidus;^ ^tepźre,^ be lukewarm
^tepefacere,^ make warm; ^tepźscere,^ become warm
^flābellum,^ fan
^frīgus, gelū,^ cold; ^frīgidus,^ cold; ^gelidus,^ (icy) cold; /verb/ ^frīgźre,^ be cold; ^refrīgerāre,^ grow cold, cool; ^gelāre, congelāre,^ freeze (/trans./)
^algźre,^ feel cold; /noun/ ^algor^
^īgnis,^ fire; ^īgniculus,^ little fire, spark; /adj./ ^īgneus^
^flamma,^ flame; /adj./ ^flammeus;^ ^scintilla,^ spark; ^fūmus,^ smoke; /verb/ ^fūmāre;^ /adj./ ^fūmidus, fūmōsus;^ ^cinis,^ ashes; ^favilla,^ glowing ashes, hot cinders; ^fūlīgō,^ soot
^focus,^ hearth
^fornāx,^ stove
^camīnus,^ stove, fire
^accendere, incendere, īnflammāre,^ set on fire, light; ^incźnsiō, īnflammātiō,^ burning
^succendere,^ light from below
^incendium,^ fire, conflagration; $i.[ncendium] facere$, set fire
^cōnflagrāre,^ be burnt up; /noun/ ^cōnflagrātiō^
^tźctīs īgnźs īnferre,^ set fire to houses
^īgnem comprehendere, flammam concipere,^ catch fire
^ūrere,^ burn, scorch, parch (/trans./); ^adūrere,^ burn, singe; ^ambūrere,^ scorch, singe; ^combūrere, dźūrere, exūrere,^ /or/ ^perūrere,^ burn up, consume; /noun/ ^exūstiō^
^effervźscere, refervźre, refervźscere,^ boil up
^flagrāre,^ blaze; /noun/ ^flagrantia;^ ^exārdźscere,^ blaze up
^torrźre,^ dry, parch
^exstinguere, restinguere,^ put out; /noun/ ^restīnctiō^

+16 LIGHT+

^lūmen, lūx,^ light; $adhibźre l.$ /Dtg./, throw light on; /adjs./ ^lūminōsus, lūcidus, dīlūcidus;^ /verbs/ ^īllūmināre,^ light; ^lūcźre,^ shine
^radius,^ ray, beam; ^radiātus,^ beaming
^clārus, illūstris,^ bright; /verbs/ ^clārźre,^ be bright; ^clārāre, illūstrāre,^ make bright
^splendor, nitor,^ brightness; /adj./ ^splendidus, nitidus,^ shining, bright; /verbs/ ^splendźre, nitźre^ and ^splendźscere,^ become bright
^collūcźre,^ shine brightly (/also/ be lit up)
^źnitźre,^ shine forth
^fulgźre,^ flash, gleam; ^micāre,^ glitter, flash
^candźre,^ shine, glisten
^obscūrus,^ dark; /noun/ ^obscūrum;^ /verb/ ^obscūrāre^
^opācus,^ dark, shady; /verb/ ^opācāre^
^umbra,^ shade; /verb/ ^obumbrāre;^ /adjs./ ^umbrifer, umbrōsus, umbrātilis^
^tenebrae,^ darkness; /adj./ ^tenebricōsus;^ ^cālīgō,^ gloom, darkness
^lucerna, lūmen,^ oil lamp
^lanterna,^ lantern, lamp
^lychnus,^ lamp; ^lychnūchus,^ lampstand
^taeda, fax, lampas,^ torch
^fūnāle,^ wax torch

QV: sunlight, 10

+17-20 SIZE AND QUANTITY+

QV: shape, 12.1

*17.0*

^quantus?^ how great?; ^tantus,^ so great
^spatium,^ size, bulk, extent
^modus,^ size, quantity
^tantus... quantus...,^ as great... as...^

*17.1 large/small*

... large ...
^māgnus,^ great, large; /adv./ ^māgnopere;^ /noun/ ^māgnitūdō^
^māgnam partem,^ in great part
^grandis,^ large; ^subgrandis,^ rather large
^amplus,^ great, large, wide, spacious; ^amplitūdō,^ extent, size
^quantuscumque,^ however great
^quantusvīs,^ as large as you like
^laxus, spatiōsus,^ spacious, roomy; /noun/ ^laxitās^
^immodicus,^ immoderate
^immānis, immźnsus, ingźns, vāstus, źnōrmis,^ huge; /nouns/ ^immānitās, immźnsitās^

... small ...
^parvus,^ small; /adv./ ^paulum,^ slightly; /diminutive/ ^parvulus^
^mediocris,^ middling, ordinary; /noun/ ^mediocritās^
^modicus,^ of a moderate or reasonable size; middling, scanty, small
^aliquantus,^ somewhat, tolerable, not a little
^minūtus,^ small, minute
^exiguus,^ very small, tiny, scanty, trifling; /noun/ ^exiguitās^
^nūgātōrius,^ trifling, futile
^rźs parva^ /or/ ^levis^ /or/ ^minūta,^ trifle; ^indīviduum,^ atom
^exīlis,^ small, weak, feeble; /noun/ ^exīlitās^
^pusillus,^ very small, petty, insignificant
^tantulus,^ so trifling, insignificant; /noun/ ^tantulum^
^nź pilō quidem minus,^ not a hair's breadth less

*17.2 larger/smaller*

... larger and largest ...
^māior,^ larger; $nihilō m.[aior]$, no greater; $māior$ (/or/ $māgna$) $pars$, majority; /adv./ ^magis^
^māiōrem in modum,^ in a higher degree
^augźre,^ make larger, increase
^addere, adicere, adiungere,^ add; /noun/ ^adiectiō^
^aggregāre,^ add, join with
^exaggerāre, amplificāre,^ increase, amplify; /nouns/ ^amplificātiō, amplificātor^
^crźscere,^ grow; /noun/ ^incrźmentum^
^glīscere,^ grow gradually
^anteīre^ /Ac or D/, ^antecźdere^ /Ac or D/, ^antecellere^ /D/, ^excellere^ /Dp/, ^exsuperāre^ /Ac/, ^praecźdere^ /Ac/, ^praecellere^ /Ac/, ^praecurrere^ /Ac/, ^praestāre^ /D/, ^superāre^ /Ac/, ^vincere,^ surpass, excel
^prīmārius,^ chief, excellent
^prīncipālis,^ chief
^praecipuus,^ excellent, extraordinary
^māximus,^ largest; /adv./ ^māximź^
^māximam partem,^ for the most part
^suprźmus,^ greatest, extreme

... smaller and smallest ...
^minor,^ smaller; /adv./ ^minus^
^minuere, dźminuere, imminuere, extenuāre,^ make smaller, lessen; /noun/ ^imminūtiō^
^coartāre,^ compress, contract
^dźcrźscere, minor fierī, minuī,^ grow smaller, decrease
^circumcīdere,^ reduce
^redigere ex^ /Ab/ ^ad^ /Ac/, reduce
^dźterere,^ wear down, reduce
^attenuāre,^ diminish, reduce
^minuere,^ lessen, reduce, restrict
^minimus,^ smallest; /adv./ ^minimź^

QV: growth, 3.2, 3.5

*17.3 much/little*

... much and many ...
^quantum?^ how much?; ^tantum, tantopere,^ so much, so greatly, to such a degree
^quot?^ how many?; ^tot,^ so many
^multus,^ much (/adj./); /noun/ ^multitūdō;^ ^multum^ (/noun and adv./)
^mōlźs,^ heavy mass
^pondus,^ mass
^acervus, cumulus,^ heap, pile; /verbs/ ^coacervāre, cumulāre^
^congerere, struere,^ heap or pile up; /nouns/ ^congeriźs, struźs,^ pile; ^congestus,^ carrying together
^valdź, admodum, abundź, perquam, summź,^ much, very (/adv./), exceedingly, extremely
^impźnsź,^ greatly, very much
^māgnā ex parte,^ to a great extent
^adeō,^ so much
^multī,^ many; ^plūrimī,^ very many
^nōnnźmō,^ several, many a one
^complūrźs,^ several, very many
^plźrīque,^ most, very many; /adv./ ^plźrumque^
^māgnā^ /or/ ^māiōre^ /or/ ^māximā ex parte,^ mostly
^in prīmīs,^ chiefly, mainly, specially
^multiplex,^ manifold

... too much ...
^nimis, nimium,^ too much; /also adv./
^nimius, immodicus,^ excessive
^extrā modum,^ immoderately
^supervacāneus,^ superfluous
^satis superque,^ superabundantly

... more and less, more and fewer ...
^plūs^ (/n/), more; /G/ ^plūris,^ e.g. $plūris tź faciō$, value you more
^amplius,^ more, further, besides
^plūrźs,^ more; $plūrźs sumus quam ...$, we outnumber
<^minus^ (/n/), less; /verb/ ^minuere^

... little and few ...
^tantum ... quantum ...,^ as much ... as ...
^tot ... quot ...,^ as many ... as ...
^totidem,^ just as many
^aliquantus,^ some; /noun/ ^aliquantum,^ a quantity, some amount; /advs./ ^aliquantum, aliquantō^
^nōn nihil,^ somewhat
^quādam ex parte, ex aliquā parte,^ to some extent
^paulum, paululum,^ a little
^parum,^ only a little
^mediocriter,^ fairly, not very, not much
^paucī,^ few; ^perpaucī,^ very few; /noun/ ^paucitās^
^ūnus aut alter,^ one or two
^semel aut iterum,^ once or twice
^rārus,^ scattered, far apart; /noun/ ^rāritās^
^aliquot,^ a few
^ūnus,^ one; $nź ūnus quidem$, not even one, not a single

... too little ...
^parum,^ too little, not enough; /also adv./

... ...
^minus^ (/n/), less; /verb/ ^minuere^

*17.4 enough/almost*

... enough ...
^satis,^ enough; $s.[atis] superque$, enough and to spare; ^satiāre, saturāre,^ satisfy, sate
^affatim,^ sufficiently, abundantly
^sufficere, suppetere,^ be enough

... almost ...
^paene, ferź, fermź, prope, propemodum,^ almost, nearly
^vix, ferź, fermź^ (/with neg./), scarcely
^vixdum,^ scarcely yet

*17.5 all/none*

... all, some ...
^omnis,^ all; $omnźs ad ūnum$, all to a man
^ūniversī,^ all (as a body); /opposite/ ^singulī,^ single, individuals; ^singillātim,^ singly, separately
^cūnctus,^ all (together)
^omnźs rźs, omnia, nihil nōn,^ everything
^aliquis^ (/f/ ^quae^ /or/ ^qua^), ^nesciō quis,^ someone
^ūllus,^ any
^nōnnūllī,^ some
^aliquid,^ something
^quīdam,^ someone, a certain one
^aliī ... aliī ..., partim ..., partim ...,^ some ... others ...

... only, none ...
^sōlus,^ only (/adj./); ^sōlitūdō,^ loneliness; ^sōlitārius,^ lonely, alone
^ūnicus,^ only, sole
^proprius, praecipuus,^ special, particular
^sōlum, tantum, dumtaxat,^ only (/adv./), merely
^nūllus,^ no (/adj./)
^nihil,^ nothing
^nźmō,^ nobody; ^nec quisquam,^ and no one

*17.6 whole/part*

... whole ...
^tōtus,^ whole, complete; $ex tōtō$, quite, completely
^plźnus, explźtus, perfectus,^ complete, perfect; /noun/ ^perfectiō;^ ^perficere,^ complete
^solidus,^ complete, entire, whole
^integer,^ whole
^ūniversus^ (e.g. $exercitus$), whole
^tōtum,^ whole (/noun/)
^summa,^ whole (amount); $in summā, in omnī summā$, in all
^omnīnō, penitus, prōrsus, omnī ex parte, rādīcitus^ /or/ ^funditus^ (e.g. $tollere$), ^stirpitus^ (e.g. $extrahere$), wholly, entirely, absolutely
^ferź, fermź,^ quite, entirely, just

QV: together and apart, 6.3

... part ...
^incohātus, imperfectus,^ incomplete
^pars,^ part, share; $māior$ (or $māgna$) $p.[ars]$, majority; /diminutive/ ^particula^
^ex parte,^ in part
^portiō,^ share, part
^commūnicāre^ /Ac/ ^cum^ /Ab/, share with
^cōnsociāre,^ share; /noun/ ^cōnsociātiō^
^cōnsors,^ sharing
^partīrī, dispertīre,^ share, divide, distribute
^particeps,^ sharing, partaking; $p.[articeps] sum$, take part; ^participāre,^ share
^partim,^ partly; $partim ..., partim ...$, partly ..., partly ...
^dīvidere,^ divide, distribute; /noun/ ^dīvīsiō;^ ^indīviduus,^ indivisible
^tribuere,^ divide
^dźligere, źligere, sźligere,^ choose, select; /nouns/ ^dźlźctus, źlźctiō, sźlźctiō^
^discrībere, distribuere,^ divide, distribute, allot; /nouns/ ^discrīptiō, distribūtiō^
^assīgnāre, attribuere,^ assign, allot; /nouns/ ^assīgnātiō, attribūtiō^

*17.7 equal/unequal*

... equal and like ...
^pār, aequālis, aequus,^ equal; /noun/ ^aequālitās;^ /verbs/ ^adaequāre, exaequāre;^ $sź cum$ /Abpn/ $e.[xaequāre]$, pit oneself against
^pariter, ex aequō, aequź,^ equally; $hunc aequź ac patrem$ (as a father) $vereor$
^parī intervāllō,^ at the same distance
^similis,^ like; /superl./ ^simillimus,^ closely resembling; /noun/ ^similitūdō;^ /verb/ ^simulāre,^ make like; ^assimulāre,^ copy, imitate
^propior (proximus)^ /D/, more (most) like
^imitārī,^ imitate; /nouns/ ^imitātiō, imitātor;^ /adj./ ^imitābilis^
^imāgō, effigiźs,^ likeness; ^effingere,^ portray
^īnstar,^ likeness; $ī.[nstar] montis$, like  a mountain
^vicem^ /or/ ^ad vicem^ /or/ ^vice^ /G/, like
^comparāre, cōnferre,^ compare; /nouns/ ^comparātiō, collātiō^

QV: correspond, 49.3

... unequal and unlike ...
^dispār, impār, inaequālis,^ unequal
^impariter,^ unequally
^dissimilis, dīversus, absimilis,^ unlike; /noun/ ^dissimilitūdō^
^differre, distāre, discrepāre cum^ /or/ ^ab^ /Abtg/, ^dissentīre ab^ /Abtg/, differ; $multum distāre ab$ /Ab/, differ greatly from; /nouns/ ^discrepantia, distantia^
^abhorrźre ab^ /Ab/, differ from
^interesse,^ differ
^alius ac,^ different from
^discernere, distinguere, dīiudicāre,^ distinguish; /noun/ ^distīnctiō^

*17.8 same/other*

... same ...
^īdem, eadem, idem,^ same
^nōn^ /or/ ^haud alius,^ same
^itidem, nōn^ /or/ ^haud aliter,^ in the same way
^unō tempore, ūnā,^ at the same time
^ibīdem,^ in the same place
^indidem,^ from the same place

... other ...
^alius,^ other
^alter,^ other (of two), /also/ second
^cźterī, cźterum,^ the rest
^varius,^ varied, various, diverse; /noun/ ^varietās;^ /verb/ ^variāre^
^aliter, aliōquī(n),^ otherwise
^contrāriź,^ in an opposite direction
^mūtāre,^ alter, change; /noun/ ^mūtātiō;^ /adj./ ^mūtābilis^
^commūtāre, permūtāre,^ change completely; /noun/ ^permūtātiō^
^immūtāre,^ change (partially)
^vicissitūdō,^ change

*17.91 quotus*

^quotus?^ which? (in numerical order)
^prīmus,^ first
^prīnceps,^ first (in rank, importance)
^prīmum^ (/adv./), first, in the first place
^postrźmus, ultimus, extrźmus, novissimus,^ last
^postrźmō,^ lastly, finally
^postrźmum^,  for the last time

*17.92 numbering*

^numerus,^ number; ^numerāre,^ number, reckon
^dīnumerāre,^ count up; ^dīnumerātiō,^ enumeration
^studia^ /or/ ^scientia numerōrum,^ arithmetic
^ratiōnem dūcere^ /or/ ^habźre^ /or/ ^subdūcere, ratiōcinārī,^ make a computation, calculate; ^subductiō,^ calculation
^źnumerāre, inīre numerum, ōrdināre,^ reckon up, enumerate
/Acpn/ ^dź numerō excerpere,^ exclude one from a number
^recźnsźre^ (e.g. $mīlitźs$), count, muster
^addere,^ add
^summam facere^ /or/ ^subdūcere,^ calculate the total
^dźdūcere,^ subtract
^multiplicāre,^ multiply
^dīvidere,^ divide

*17.93 two*

^ambō,^ both
^alteruter,^ one of both
^uter,^ which (of two), one (of two)
^uterlibet,^ one of two
^uterque,^ each of two, both
^utercumque,^ whichever of the two
^utervīs,^ either, whichever (of two) you please
^utrimque,^ from or on both sides
^utrōque,^ in both directions
^alternus,^ one after another, alternate
^alterum tantum,^ as much again
^anceps,^ double (extending on two opposite sides)
^duplex,^ double (existing in two like forms)
^duplus,^ double
^geminus,^ double; /verb/ ^gemināre^
^bipartītus,^ divided into two parts
^duābus partibus amplius,^ twice as much
^mūtuus,^ reciprocal, mutual; /adv./ ^mūtuō^

*17.94 order, row*

^ōrdō,^ order, row; $ōrdine$ /or/ $in$ (/or/ $per$) $ōrdinem$, /or/ $ex ōrdine$, in turn; $extrā ōrdinem$, out of turn; ^ōrdināre,^ arrange in rows
^seriźs,^ row, sequence
^passim,^ without order, anyhow
^dīgerere, struere, īnstruere,^ arrange, set in order

*18.1 measure*

^mźnsūra,^ measure; /verbs/ ^mźtīrī, dīmźtīrī^
^modus,^ measure
^modius,^ peck; ^amphora^ = 6 gals. 7 pts.; ^congius,^ one-eighth of amphora; ^sextārius,^ one-sixth of congius, = about one pint; one sixteenth of modius
^ulna, cubitum,^ ell
^pźs,^ foot; ^uncia,^ inch
^decempeda,^ measuring rod (10 ft. long)
^passus,^ pace (5 Roman feet)
^stadium,^ 125 paces (just over 600 English feet)
^mīlle passuum,^ mile
^lapis, mīlliārium,^ milestone

*18.2 limit*

^modus,^ limit, right measure, bounds; /Dtg/ $modum appōnere$ /or/ $impōnere$ /or/ $adhibźre$, set a limit to; $extrā modum prōdīre$ (e.g. $sūmptū$), observe no limit; $modum trānsīre$, overstep the limit; $ultrā modum$, beyond the limit; ^modicus,^ moderate; ^immodestus,^ immoderate
^fīnis,^ limit; $certōs sibi fīnźs cōnstituere$, set oneself definite limits; $fīnem trānsīre, extrā fīnźs źgredī$, overstop the limit; ^fīnīre,^ limit
^terminus,^ limit; ^termināre,^ limit, mark off; ^terminātiō,^ delimitation, limit
^cancellī,^ limits (/lit./ railings)

*19 weight*

^pondus,^ weight
^exāmināre, expendere,^ weigh
^statźra,^ steelyard, balance; ^trutina,^ pair of scales, balance; ^lanx,^ scale (of balance)
^lībra,^ balance; pound (of 12 ounces)
^uncia,^ ounce; ^sźmūncia,^ half-ounce
^pondō,^ /adv./, in weight; /as indecl. noun/ pounds, e.g. $aurī sex pondō$
^gravis,^ heavy; /noun/ ^gravitās^
^levis,^ light; /noun/ ^levitās^
^mōlźs,^ weight, burden
^onus,^ burden; ^onustus,^ loaded; ^onerāre,^ load, burden
^opprimere,^ burden, weigh upon

*20.1 fulness*

^cōpia,^ plenty
^abundāre,^ be rich in; /noun/ ^abundantia^
^redundāre,^ have an excess of, overflow; /noun/ ^redundantia^
^affluere,^ abound; /adj./ ^affluźns;^ /noun/ ^affluentia^
^circumfluere,^ flow over, abound
^cōnfluere,^ crowd together (/intrans./)
^cōnstīpāre,^ crowd together (/trans./)
^plźnus, replźtus,^ full
^farcīre, cōnfercīre, refercīre, stīpāre,^ stuff, pack together; ^cōnfertus, refertus^ /Ab/, full of, crammed with
^complźre, explźre, implźre, opplźre, replźre,^ fill; /noun/ ^complźmentum^
^supplźre,^ refill
^frźquźns, celeber,^ crowded; /nouns/ ^frequentia, celebritās;^ /verb/ ^frequentāre^
^crźber,^ thick with

*20.2 lack*

^sine^ /Ab/, without
^inops^ /G/, destitute of, without; ^inopia,^ lack, scarcity
^inānis, vacuus,^ empty, bare, void, free from; /noun/ ^inānitās^
^vacāre,^ be empty, void
^carźre^ /Ab/, be without, in want of
^abesse^ /D/, be wanting
^egźre, indigźre,^ /G or Ab/, lack; /noun/ ^indigentia^
^egźnus,^ destitute, void of; /noun/ ^egestās^
^expers^ /G/, devoid of, without
^orbus^ /Ab/, deprived of, without
^nūdus^ /Ab/, void, without, e.g. $urbs nūda praesidiō$; /verb/ ^nūdāre,^ e.g. $mūrus nūdātus dźfźnsōribus$
^dźficere,^ be lacking, fail; /Pass. Ab or/ ^ab^ /Ab/, lack; /noun/ ^dźfectiō^
^dźesse;^ $dźsunt mihi librī$, I am in want of books
^prīvāre,^ e.g. /Acpn/ $somnō, vītā, approbātiōne$, deprive, strip of
^dźsertus, vāstus,^ solitary, waste, unoccupied
^īnfrequźns,^ not numerous, sparsely attended; /noun/ ^īnfrequentia^
^exhaurīre,^ empty

+21 ANIMALS+

*21.1*

^animal,^ animal
^bźstia,^ beast (any living creature, except man)
^bźlua,^ (huge) animal
^sexus,^ sex
^mās,^ male; ^fźmina,^ female
^pullus,^ young animal
^pellis,^ skin, hide, pelt; ^pellītus,^ clad in skins
^corium,^ hide, leather
^alūta,^ soft leather
^cornū,^ horn; /adj./ ^corneus^
^ungula,^ hoof
^iuba,^ mane
^cauda,^ tail
^saeta,^ hair (of animal), bristle
^horrźre, horrźscere,^ bristle

*21.2 domestic mammals*

^cīcur,^ tame
^equus,^ horse; ^equa,^ mare; ^pullus,^ foal; /adj./ ^equīnus^
^hinnīre,^ neigh; /noun/ ^hinnītus^
QV: riding, 7.6
QV: racing, 35.3

^asinus,^ donkey; ^mūlus,^ mule; ^mūliō,^ muleteer
^iūmentum,^ beast of burden
^canis,^ dog; $c.[anis] sagāx$, d.[og] with keen scent; ^catulus, catula, catellus, catella,^ lap-dog
^lātrāre,^ bark
^fźlźs^ /or/ ^fźlis,^ cat
^mūs,^ mouse

QV: farmstock, 8

*21.3 wild mammals*

^fera,^ wild beast
^ferus,^ wild
^domāre, mānsuźfacere,^ tame
^intractātus,^ untamed
^cunīculus,^ rabbit; ^lepus,^ hare
^cervus,^ stag; ^cerva,^ hind
^alcźs,^ elk
^lupus, lupa,^ wolf; ^vulpźs,^ fox; /dimin./ ^vulpźcula;^ ^lynx,^ lynx
^aper,^ wild boar
^ursus, ursa,^ bear
^leō, lea, leaena,^ lion; ^tigris,^ tiger
^panthźra,^ panther
^hyaena,^ hyena
^elephās, elephantus,^ elephant
^ebur,^ ivory; /adj./ ^eburneus^
^camźlus,^ camel
^dromas,^ dromedary
^dorcas,^ gazelle, antelope
^onager,^ wild ass
^sīmia,^ monkey
^castor,^ beaver
^mustźla,^ weasel
^nitźdula,^ dormouse
^talpa,^ mole
... ...
^vźnārī, captāre,^ hunt; ^vźnātor,^ hunter; ^vźnātiō,^ hunting, chase
^laqueus,^ snare; $collum īnserere in laqueum$, get caught; ^illaqueāre,^ ensnare
^illigāre,^ entangle, ensnare
^plaga,^ snare, trap; ^rźte,^ net
^excipere,^ catch

*21.4 birds*

^avis, volucris,^ bird; ^āles,^ (large) bird
^nīdus,^ nest; /diminutive/ ^nīdulus^
^ōvum,^ egg; ^parere, pōnere,^ lay (eggs)
^aviārium,^ aviary
^āla,^ wing; ^volucer, āles, āliger,^ /poet./ winged
^penna,^ feather, wing
^plūma,^ feather; /P/ down; /adj./ ^plūmātus^
^volāre,^ fly; ^volitāre,^ fly to and fro, flutter
^rōstrum,^ beak; ^unguis,^ talon

*21.5 domestic birds*

^gallus,^ cock; ^gallīna,^ hen; ^pullus,^ chicken; ^pullārius,^ chicken keeper
^canere,^ crow, sing; ^strepere,^ cackle
^crista,^ cockscomb
^ānser,^ gander, goose
^anas,^ duck
^columba,^ dove, pigeon; ^columbārium,^ dovecot
^pāvō,^ peacock
^cavea,^ bird cage

*21.6 wild birds*

^passer,^ sparrow
^hirundō,^ swallow
^cicōnia,^ stork
^cycnus, olor,^ swan; /adj./ ^olōrīnus^
^corvus,^ raven; ^cornīx,^ crow
^merula,^ blackbird
^palumbźs,^ wood-pigeon
^turtur,^ turtle-dove
^pīca,^ magpie
^pīcus,^ woodpecker
^monźdula, grāculus,^ jackdaw
^coturnīx,^ quail
^grūs,^ crane
^ardea,^ heron
^alcźdō, alcyōn,^ kingfisher
^aquila,^ eagle
^accipiter,^ hawk
^vulturius,^ vulture
^mīlvus,^ kite
^būbō, noctua,^ owl
^strix,^ screech-owl
^aucupārī,^ go birdcatching; ^aucupium,^ birdcatching; ^auceps,^ birdcatcher, fowler

*21.7 fish*

^piscis,^ fish
^nāre, natāre,^ swim; /noun/ ^natātiō^
^squāma,^ scale
^piscārī,^ fish; ^piscātor,^ fisherman, fishmonger; ^piscātus,^ fishery; ^piscīna,^ fishpond
^rźte,^ net; ^hāmus,^ hook; ^līnea,^ line
^delphīn, delphīnus,^ dolphin
^lollīgō, sźpia,^ cuttlefish
^mūrźx,^ crimson fish
^cancer,^ crab; ^ostrea,^ oyster
^conchylium,^ shellfish, oyster
^margarīta,^ pearl

*21.8 reptiles*

^anguis, serpźns, coluber, colubra,^ snake
^vīpera,^ viper
^serpere, rźpere,^ crawl
^lacerta^ /or/ ^-us,^ lizard
^rāna,^ frog
^būfō,^ toad
^vermis,^ worm
^testūdō,^ tortoise

*21.9 insects*

^apis,^ bee; ^fūcus,^ drone; ^exāmen,^ swarm
^mel,^ honey; /adj./ ^mellītus^
^favus,^ honeycomb
^cźra,^ wax; /adj./ ^cźreus^
^acūleus,^ sting; ^pungere, compungere,^ sting; /noun/ ^pūnctum^
^alvārium, alveus, cavea,^ beehive
^vespa,^ wasp
^susurrāre,^ buzz, hum
^musca,^ fly
^crābrō,^ hornet
^asīlus, oestrus,^ gadfly
^arānea,^ spider
^pāpiliō,^ butterfly, moth
^formīca,^ ant
^cicāda,^ tree-cricket
^tinea,^ moth, bookworm
^hirūdō,^ leech

+22 PLANTS+

*22.1*

^arbor,^ tree; ^arbustus,^ planted with trees; ^arbustum,^ plantation, orchard
^trichila,^ arbour
^truncus, stīpes,^ trunk; ^rāmus,^ branch; ^virga,^ twig, rod; /diminutive/ ^virgula^
^stirps,^ trunk (with roots), stem; /adv./ ^stirpitus,^ root and branch
^planta,^ shoot, twig, cutting
^līgna^ (/P/), (fire)wood
^sarmenta^ (/P/), twigs, brushwood
^clāvicula,^ tendril
^rōbur,^ hardwood; ^māteria,^ timber
^pālus, sublica,^ stake
^succīdere,^ fell; ^caedere,^ fell, lop; ^frondātor,^ pruner of trees; ^scindere,^ split; ^dolāre,^ hew
^cortex,^ bark
^spīna,^ thorn; /adj./ ^spīnōsus^
^rādīx,^ root; $rādīcźs agere$, strike root; $arborźs ab rādīcibus subruere$, uproot; /adv./ ^rādīcitus,^ root and all
^culmus,^ stalk (of corn)
^folium,^ leaf; ^frōns,^ leaf, leafy branch, foliage; garland of leaves; ^coma,^ foliage
^sūcus,^ sap

*22.2*

^silva,^ forest; /adj./ ^silvestris^
^nemus,^ wood
^virgulta^ (/P/), thicket, copse, bush
^lūcus,^ grove (sacred to a deity); /poet.,/ wood
^saltus,^ glen; /adj./ ^saltuōsus^
^fāgus,^ beech; /adjs./ ^fāgineus, fāginus^
^laurus, laurea,^ laurel; ^laureātus,^ crowned with laurel
^palma,^ palm-tree; ^palmźtum,^ palm grove; ^palmōsus,^ rich in palms
^cedrus,^ cedar
^taxus,^ yew-tree
^pīnus,^ pine; ^pīnźtum,^ pine wood; /adj./ ^pīneus^
^picea,^ pitch-pine
^quercus,^ oak; ^querquźtum,^ oak wood; ^glāns,^ acorn; ^rōbustus,^ of oak
^aesculus,^ Italian oak
^cupressus,^ cypress
^fraxinus,^ ash; /adj./ ^fraxineus^
^ōrnus,^ mountain ash
^platanus,^ plane-tree
^castānea,^ chestnut-tree
^alnus,^ alder
^larix,^ larch
^salix,^ willow; ^salictum,^ plantation of willows
^acer,^ maple
^tilia,^ lime-tree
^ulmus,^ elm
^īlex,^ holm-oak
^pōpulus,^ poplar
^abiźs,^ silver fir
^arbutus,^ wild strawberry-tree
^murra,^ myrrh tree
^iūniperus,^ juniper tree
^buxus,^ box-tree; ^buxum,^ wood of box-trees
^corulus,^ hazel-shrub
^veprźs,^ thorn-bush, bramble
^sentis,^ briar
^vīmen,^ osier
^genista,^ broom
^hedera,^ ivy
^harundō,^ reed
^iuncus,^ rush; ^scirpus,^ rush, bulrush; ^ulva,^ sedge
^fungus,^ mushroom
^alga,^ seaweed
^muscus,^ moss; /adj./ ^muscōsus^
^viscum,^ mistletoe

*22.3*

^hortus,^ garden; /dimin./ ^hortulus^
^saepźs,^ fence; ^saepīre,^ fence, hedge in
^herba, grāmen,^ grass, herb; /adj./ ^herbidus^
^caespes,^ turf, sod
^gemma, germen,^ bud; /verb/ ^gemmāre^
^flōs,^ flower; /diminutive/ ^flōsculus;^ ^flōrźre,^ be in flower; ^efflōrźscere,^ bloom, flourish; /adjs./ ^flōrźns, flōridus^
^corōna, serta^ (/P/), garland, wreath
^rosa,^ rose, rose-tree, roses; ^rosārium, rosźtum,^ rosary
^līlium,^ lily
^viola,^ violet; ^violārium,^ bed of violets
^amāracus,^ marjoram
^amaranthus,^ amaranth
^caltha,^ marigold
^rūta,^ rue
^thymum^ /or/ ^-us,^ thyme
^serpullum,^ wild thyme
^crocum^ /or/ ^-us,^ saffron
^narcissus,^ narcissus
^myrtus,^ myrtle-tree; ^myrtźtum,^ myrtle grove; /adj./ ^myrteus^
^papāver,^ poppy
^lupīnus,^ lupin
^cicūta,^ hemlock
^carduus,^ thistle

*22.4 fruit-trees*

^frūctus,^ fruit; $frūctum źdere$, yield f.[ruit]; $f.[rūctus] tempestīvus$, ripe f.[ruit]; /adj./ ^frūctuōsus,^ fruitful
^frūgźs,^ fruits, field produce; $f. fundere$, bring forth f.[ruits]; /adj./ ^frūgifer,^ fruitful
^fertilis, fźcundus,^ fruitful; /nouns/ ^fertilitās, fźcunditās^
^mātūrus,^ ripe; /noun/ ^mātūritās;^ /verb/ ^mātūrāre, mātūrźscere^
^sźmen,^ seed; ^germen,^ germ
^pōmum,^ fruit, fruit-tree
^mālum,^ fruit (e.g. peach, orange)
^pōmārium,^ orchard
^mālus,^ apple-tree; ^mālum,^ apple
^pirus,^ pear-tree; ^pirum,^ pear
^prūnus,^ plum-tree; ^prūnum,^ plum
^cerasus,^ cherry-tree; ^cerasum,^ cherry
^fīcus,^ fig-tree, fig
^mōrus,^ mulberry-tree; ^mōrum,^ mulberry
^amygdala,^ almond tree
^amygdalum,^ almond


*22.5*

^vītis, vīnea,^ vine; ^ūva,^ grape, bunch of grapes; ^pampinus,^ tendril or leaf of vine
^vīnea, vīnźtum,^ vineyard; ^vīnum,^ wine, /see 29.8/; ^vīndźmia,^ vintage; ^vīndźmiātor,^ vintager; ^vīnitor,^ vinedresser
^olīva,^ olive, olive-tree; ^olīvźtum,^ olive plantation; ^oleum,^ olive oil; /adj./ ^oleārius^
^nux,^ nut
^frāgum,^ strawberry

*22.6*

^olus,^ vegetable
^legūmen,^ leguminous plant
^lźns,^ lentil
^caulis, crambź,^ cabbage
^bźta,^ beet
^faba,^ bean
^cucumis,^ cucumber
^bulbus, cźpa,^ onion
^ālium,^ garlic
^apium,^ parsley, celery

+23 MINERALS+

^metallum,^ metal
^aurum,^ gold; /adjs./ ^aureus, aurātus;^ /verbs/ ^aurāre, inaurāre;^ ^aurifex,^ goldsmith
^argentum,^ silver; /adj./ ^argenteus^
^ferrum,^ iron; /adj./ ^ferreus^
^chalybs,^ steel; /adj./ ^chalybźius^
^rōbīgō, ferrūgō,^ rust
^aes,^ bronze, copper; /adjs./ ^aźnus,^ /later/ ^aźneus, aerātus^
^aerūgō,^ verdigris
^orīchalcum,^ brass
^plumbum,^ lead; /adj./ ^plumbeus^
^plumbum album,^ tin
^lapis, saxum,^ stone; /diminutive/ ^lapillus;^ /adj./ ^lapideus^
^lapicīda,^ mason; ^lapicīdīnae,^ quarry
^caementum,^ stone rough from the quarry; ^quadrātum saxum,^ hewn stone
^metallum,^ mine, quarry
^aerāria,^ mine
^gemma,^ /poet./ ^lapis,^ precious stone, gem, jewel
^cōs,^ any hard stone, flint
^calculus,^ pebble
^marmor,^ marble; /adj./ ^marmoreus;^ $marmor$ /or/ $sīgnum marmoreum$, marble statue
^statua,^ statue; $statuam statuere$, erect a s.[tatue]
^ars fingendī,^ sculpture; ^fictor,^ sculptor
^scalpere, sculpere, exsculpere,^ carve; $ź saxō sculptus$, carved in stone
^onyx,^ onyx
^carbō,^ coal
^sulpur,^ sulphur
^calx, crźta,^ chalk
^argilla,^ (potter's) clay; ^rota,^ (potter's) wheel
^figulus,^ potter; ^fictilis,^ earthen, of clay
^vitrum,^ glass; /adj./ ^vitreus^

+24-27 MAN+

*24.1*

^genus hominum^ /or/ ^hūmānum,^ /or/ ^gźns hūmāna,^ /or/ ^hominźs,^ mankind
^homō,^ man (not animal); /diminutives/ ^homunciō, homunculus^
^hūmānus,^ human; /noun/ ^hūmānitās,^ human nature
^mortālis,^ human being; /as adj./ mortal, human
^post hominźs nātōs,^ since men have lived
^quī nunc sunt hominźs,^ the present generation
^vir,^ man (not woman); /adj./ ^virīlis; virītim,^ singly, individually; ^virtūs,^ manliness
^fźmina,^ woman; /diminutive/ ^fźmella;^ /adj./ ^fźmineus^
^mulier,^ woman; /diminutive/ ^muliercula;^ /adj./ ^muliebris^

QV: name, 24.6

*24.2 ages of man*

^extrźmae (exāctae) aetātis homō,^ a man advanced (far advanced) in years
^prōvectā aetāte,^ at an advanced age
^grandis, grandis nātū,^ aged man
^senex,^ old man; /adj./ ^senīlis;^ /verb/ ^senźscere;^ ^senectūs, aetās senźscźns,^ old age
^anus,^ old woman; /adj./ ^anīlis^
^omnźs aetātis superiōris,^ all older men
^senior,^ elderly man
^paulum aetāte prōgressus,^ become rather older; ^prōgrediente aetāte,^ with advancing years
^adulta aetās,^ maturity
^iam adultus,^ one in mature life
^aetās iam corrōborāta, aetātźs cōnfīrmātae,^ years of discretion
^iuvenis,^ man or woman in prime of life; ^iuventūs, flōs aetātis,^ prime of life
^in suam tūtźlam venīre,^ come of age
^togam virīlem^ (/or/ ^pūram^) ^sūmere,^ assume the garb of manhood
^pūbźs,^ grown up, adult; /as noun/, youth, young man; /verb/ ^pūbźscere^
^adulźscźns,^ youth, maid; $admodum a.[dulźscźns]$, in quite early manhood; /noun/ ^adulźscentia^
^adolźscere,^ grow up
^virgō,^ maiden; /adj./ ^virginālis,^ /poet./ ^virgineus^
^impūbźs,^ under age, youthful
^adulźscentulus,^ youngster
^aetātula,^ tender age, youthful age
^ex puerīs excessit,^ has ceased to be a child
^līberī, nātī,^ children (in relation to parents); $līberōs suscipere, tollere$, acknowledge, bring up children
^puerī,^ children (generally)
^puer,^ boy; /diminutive/ ^puerulus;^ ^pueritia,^ boyhood; $ā puerō, ā puerīs, ā pueritiā$, from boyhood; ^puerīlis,^ boyish, childish
^puella,^ girl; /diminutive/ ^puellula^
^parvī,^ young children; $ā parvīs$, from childhood
^cūnābula,^ cradle
^crepundia,^ rattle

*24.3 relationship*

^orīgō,^ source, descent, progenitor; $orīginem dūcere$ /or/ $trahere ab$ /Ab/, trace one's descent from
^genus, prōsāpia,^ race, stock; family
^māiōrźs, patrźs,^ ancestors, forbears
^avus, atavus,^ ancestor
^posterī, posteritās,^ /poet./ ^nepōtźs,^ posterity, descendants
^prōgnātus, ortus,^ descended; /noun/ ^prōgnātus,^ descendant, child
^subolźs,^ progeny, offspring, descendant
^saeculum,^ generation
^cōgnātus, coniūnctus sanguine, cōnsanguineus,^ blood relation, connected (by birth); /nouns/ ^cōgnātiō, cōnsanguinitās^
^āgnātus,^ related on the father's side; /noun/ ^āgnātiō^
^propinquus, necessārius,^ relation, kinsman; $Mārcī necessārius et propinquus$, a near relation of M.[arcus]; ^propinquitās,^ relationship
^atavus,^ great-great-great-grandfather
^abavus,^ great-great-grandfather
^proavus,^ great-grandfather; ^proavia,^ great-grandmother
^pronepōs,^ great-grandson; ^proneptis,^ great-granddaughter
^avus,^ grandfather; ^avia,^ grandmother
^nepōs,^ grandson; ^neptis,^ granddaughter
^mātertera,^ mother's sister
^frātris (sororis) fīlius, fīlia,^ nephew, niece
^(frāter, soror) patruźlis,^ cousin (child of father's brother or sister)
^sobrīnus, cōnsobrīnus, -a,^ cousin (child of mother's brother or sister)
^alumnus,^ foster-son; ^alumna,^ foster-daughter
^parźns,^ parent; /P also/ grandparents
^pater, genitor,^ father; $vestīgiīs patris ingredī$, follow in father's footsteps; /adj./ ^paternus, patrius,^ paternal
^māter, genetrīx^ (/poet. and late/), mother; /diminutive/ ^mātercula;^ /adj./ ^māternus^
^mātrōna,^ married woman, mother
^vitricus,^ stepfather; ^noverca,^ stepmother
^fīlius, nātus,^ son
^fīlia, nāta,^ daughter
^patre certō^ (/opposite/ ^nūllō^) ^nāscī,^ be a legitimate child
^prīvīgnus, -a,^ stepson, stepdaughter
^frāter,^ brother; /adj./ ^frāternus^
^soror,^ sister; /adj./ ^sorōrius^
^germānus,^ of brothers and sisters who have the same parents, e.g. $g.[ermānus] frāter$
^geminus, gemellus^ (/poet./), twin
^patruus,^ father's brother
^avunculus,^ mother's brother
^amita,^ father's sister

*24.4 marriage*

^rźs uxōria,^ matrimony, wedlock
^caelebs,^ unmarried, single
^procus,^ suitor
^spōnsus, -a,^ betrothed man or woman
^fīliam^ /Dpn/ ^dźspondźre,^ promise one's daughter in marriage to
^condiciō,^ match, alliance
^mātrimōnium,^ marriage; $in m.[ātrimōnium] dare, in m.[ātrimōnium]$ /or/ $in mātrimōniō collocāre$, give in m.[arriage]; $in m.[ātrimōnium] dūcere Dźliam$, /or simply/ $dūcere D.[źliam]$, take D.[elia] to wife
^cōnūbium, coniugium,^ wedlock
^nūbere^ /D/, marry (a man); /noun/ ^nūptiae,^ wedding; ^nūpta,^ bride, wife; ^prōnuba,^ bridesmaid
^innūbere,^ marry into (a family)
^źnūbere,^ marry out of one's rank or town
^coźmptiō,^ a form of mock marriage
^dōs,^ dowry
^vir, marītus,^ husband
^coniūnx,^ wife, /sometimes/ husband
^uxor,^ wife
^prōgeniźs, prōlźs^ (/poet./), offspring

*24.5 relations by marriage*

^affīnis,^ related by marriage; /noun/ ^affīnis,^ relation by marriage; ^affīnitās;^ $affīnitāte coniūnctus$, related by marriage
^socer,^ father-in-law
^socrus,^ mother-in-law
^nurus,^ daughter-in-law
^sorōris marītus,^ brother-in-law

... ...
^repudiāre,  ā mātrimōniō dīmittere,^ divorce; /noun/ ^repudium,^ (compulsory) divorce
^nūntium uxōrī remittere,^ send a letter of divorce
^dīvortium,^ separation (by consent)
^clāvźs adimere uxōrī,^ separate from one's wife
^istam suās rźs sibi habźre iussit,^ he divorced her

... ...
^vidua,^ widow; ^vir viduus,^ widower
^orbus,^ bereaved, fatherless, orphan, childless; ^orbitās,^ childlessness; ^orbāre,^ deprive of parents or children
^pupillus,^ orphan, minor; /as noun/ ^pupillus, pupilla,^ ward
^superesse,^ survive; ^superstes,^ surviving

*24.6 name*

^nōmen,^ name, designation; /Dpn/ $n.[ōmen] impōnere$, give a n.[ame]; $ex$ /Abtg/ $n.[ōmen] capere, invenīre$ /or/ $trahere$, get, derive a n.[ame] from; /verb/ ^nōmināre;^ ^nōminātim,^ by name; ^nōminātiō,^ nomination
^cōgnōminis,^ having the same name
^praenōmen,^ first name (like our "Christian name"); ^cōgnōmen,^ third name; /in/ $Mārcus Tullius Cicerō, Mārcus$ /is the/ $praenōmen, Cicerō$ /the/ $cōgnōmen$
^nūncupāre,^ name, call (by name)
^titulus,^ title; $ūsūrpāre titulum$, assume a t.[itle]; $quī Sapiźns ūsūrpātur$, is called S.[apiens]
^dźnotāre, dźsīgnāre,^ designate, specify; /noun/ ^dźsīgnātiō^

*24.7 mark, sign*

^nota, index,^ mark, sign; ^notāre,^ mark, indicate
^sīgnum,^ mark, token; ^sīgnificāre,^ indicate; ^sīgnificātiō,^ sign, indication
^specimen,^ sign, token

*25.1 household*

^familia, domus,^ household; /adj./ ^familiāris,^ belonging to h.[ousehold]; ^domesticus,^ belonging to one's family or household; $domesticus ūsus et cōnsuźtūdō$, family life; ^domesticī^, members of a family
^ad focum sedźre,^ be in the midst of one's family
^paterfamiliās,^ head of family; ^māterfamiliās,^ mistress of house
^patria potestās,^ power of father over children; $sevźrum imperium in suīs exercet$, he is a strict father and master
^źmancipāre,^ free from "patria potestās"; /noun/ ^źmancipātiō^
^dominus, erus,^ master
^domina, era,^ mistress
^suōrum dźsīderium,^ home-sickness
^ad suum larem familiārem redīre,^ return home
^patrōnus, cliźns,^ /The/ ^cliźns^ /(client, follower) was a plebeian, freedman or foreigner who enjoyed the favour and protection of the/ ^patrōnus^ /(patron, defender, advocate) whom he had chosen and to whom he rendered minor services./

*25.2 servants*

^ātriźnsis,^ overseer of house, steward
^minister, famulus,^ servant
^ministra, famula, ancilla,^ maid
^pedisequus, pedisequa,^ attendant
^iānitor,^ door-keeper
^coquus,^ cook
^prōmus,^ slave who distributed food to household
^condus,^ slave in charge of stores
^paedagōgus,^ slave in charge of children, tutor
^servus ā manū,^ secretary
^vīlicus,^ steward, bailiff
^servīre^ /Dpn/, serve, be a servant of

QV: slavery, 33.7
QV: messenger, 48.33

*25.3 nation*

^nātiō,^ nation
^populus,^ nation, people; $secundō populō$ (/Actg/ $facere$), with the consent of the people; $Populus Rōmānus Quirītźsque$, official title of Roman people; $Senātus Populusque Rōmānus (SPQR)$; /adj./ ^populāris;^ /as noun/ countryman, fellow-countryman
^gźns,^ people, race, clan
^gentīlis,^ fellow-clansman
^stirps,^ stock, breed
^genus,^ race
^tribus,^ tribe, each consisting of ten cūriae; /adv./ ^tribūtim,^ by tribes
^cūria,^ ward, each consisting of ten gentźs; /adv./ ^cūriātim,^ by wards
^aborīginźs,^ early inhabitants, ancestors of the Romans
^vernāculus,^ native, Roman
^fīnitimī,^ neighbours
^aliźnus,^ foreign; ^aliźnigena,^ foreigner, alien

*25.4 gatherings*

^coetus, grex, globus, caterva,^ company, crowd
^frequentia,^ crowd, throng
^multitūdō, turba,^ crowd, throng, mob
^chorus,^ band, company

QV:  crowded, 20.1

^concilium, cōnsilium,^ assembly, meeting, council
^conventus, cōntiō,^ meeting
^corōna,^ crowd, assembly (espec. judicial)
^congregārī,^ crowd (/intr./), assemble
^circulārī,^ gather in groups
^congressiō, congressus,^ meeting, intercourse
^plźbs^ /or/ ^plźbźs, vulgus,^ common people

*25.5 social life*

^invītāre,^ invite, entertain; /Acpn/ $domum suam i.[nvītāre]$, invite to one's house; /noun/ ^invītātiō^
^vīsere, invīsere,^ /Acpn or/ $domum$ /Gpn/, ^convenīre^ /Acpn/, visit
^salūtāre,^ visit, call on, pay a (ceremonial) call; receive visitors; ^salūtātiō,^ visit
^frequentāre domum^ /Gpn/, frequent, visit frequently
^intervīsere,^ visit occasionally
^hospes,^ (hereditary) friend; host, guest; $hospitźs accipere$ /or/ $recipere$, have as guests; /adj./ ^hospitālis;^ ^hospitium, hospitālitās,^ hospitality, (hereditary) friendship; $h. facere$ (/or/ $iungere$) $cum$ /Abpn/, become guest and friend of; ^apud^ /Acpn/ ^esse^ /or/ ^commorārī,^ be paying a visit to, staying with; /noun/ ^commorātiō^
^advena, hospes,^ stranger

... ...
^cōnsuźtūdō,^ social intercourse, companionship, acquaintance
^convīctiō, convīctus,^ social intercourse, companionship, acquaintance
^amīcus, amīca,^ friend; $praestā tź amīcum$, prove a true friend; $Mārcum amīcōrum in numerō habeō, Mārcum amīcum$ /or/ $prō amīcō habeō, amīcō ūtor Mārcō$, enjoy the friendship of M.[arcus]
^amīcitia,^ friendship
^concors,^ harmonious; ^concordia,^ union, harmony; ^concordāre,^ agree
^favźre^ /Dpn/, be a friend to
^cōnsentīre cum^ /Abpn/ ^dź^ /Abtg/, agree with; /nouns/ ^cōnsźnsiō, cōnsźnsus^
^familiāris,^ friend; ^familiāritās,^ intimacy, friendship
^intimus,^ close friend
^socius,^ companion, associate; ^societās,^ fellowship, society; $vītae s.[ocietās]$, social life; $societātem cum$ /Abpn/ $inīre$, enter into partnership with
^necessārius,^ friend; ^comes, sodālis,^ comrade; ^sodālitās, necessitās, necessitūdō, coniūnctiō,^ friendship, intimacy; $amīcitiae necessitūdinźs$, ties, bonds of friendship; $(homō) summā sodālitāte$, with a wide circle of friends
^grātia,^ favour, regard; $apud tź grātiam ineō$, win your favour
^fautor, fautrīx,^ patron(ess), favourerer
^coniūnctus,^ friendly, intimate
^collźga,^ colleague, companion
^circulus,^ company (for social intercourse)
^collźgium,^ society, company, fraternity
^sodālitās,^ society, club
^cōnsors,^ partner, colleague, comrade; ^cōnsortium,^ fellowship

... ...
^aemulus, aemula, rīvālis,^ rival; /verb/ ^aemulārī;^ /noun/ ^rīvālitās^
^competītor,^ rival
^certātim,^ with rivalry
^discordia,^ discord; $discordiās sźdāre$, remove d.[iscord]; /adj./ ^discors^
^discidium,^ discord
^rīxa,^ quarrel, brawl; /verb/ ^rīxārī^
^iūrgium,^ dispute (among friends); /verb/ ^iūrgāre^
^contentiō, concertātiō, contrōversia,^ dispute, contention; /verb/ ^concertāre^
^līs,^ dispute (among adversaries), general and legal
^altercārī,^ quarrel; ^altercātiō,^ (violent) quarrel
^dźcertāre,^ dispute
^simultās,^ strained relations, enmity
^obsistere, obstāre,^ oppose; ^resistere,^ resist
^subigere,^ reduce to submission
^īnfźnsus, inimīcus,^ hostile; /as noun/ (private) enemy; ^inimīcitiae^ (/P/), enmity
^pūgnāx,^ quarrelsome
^aliźnus,^ averse, unfriendly; ^aliźnātiō,^ dislike
^implācābilis,^ irreconcilable
^tźcum in grātiam redeō,^ am reconciled with you; ^amīcitam dź integrō reconciliāre,^ restore friendship; /nouns/ ^reconciliātiō, reconciliātor^
^amīcitiam cum^ /Abpn/ ^conciliāre,^ win someone over; /noun/ ^conciliātiō^
/Acpn or/ ^animum^ /Gpn Dpn/ ^reconciliāre,^ /Acpn/ ^in grātiam cum^ /Abpn/ ^redūcere,^ /Acpn Dpn/ ^plācāre,^ reconcile A with B

... ...
^patrōnus,^ patron
^cliźns,^ client

*25.6 commotion, tumult*

^turba,^ uproar, disorder; ^turbulentus,^ restless, confused; ^turbāre,^ disturb, throw into confusion, agitate
^tumultus,^ uproar, disturbance; ^tumultuōsus,^ full of commotion, disturbed
^mōtus populī,^ unrest
^procellae,^ commotion, tumult

+26 BODY+

*26.1*

^corpus,^ body; /diminutive/ ^corpusculum;^ /adj./ ^corporeus^
^cadāver,^ dead body, corpse
^statūra,^ height or size of body
^figūra, fōrma,^ figure
^cutis,^ skin
^callum,^ hard, thick skin; ^occallźscere,^ get thick-skinned
^sūdāre,^ sweat; /noun/ ^sūdor^
^ōs,^ bone; /adj./ ^osseus;^ ^medulla,^ marrow
^crīnis,^ hair (/generally/); /adjs./ ^crīnālis, crīnītus;^ ^villus,^ shaggy hair; ^pilus,^ single hair
^carō,^ flesh, meat
^torus, nervus,^ muscle
^vźna,^ vein; ^artźria,^ artery
^sanguis,^ blood; ^cruor,^ gore, blood(shed); /adj./ ^cruentus;^ /verb/ ^cruentāre,^ stain with b.[lood]
^corporis habitus,^ personal appearance, build
^gestus,^ bearing, posture, gesture
^sź iactāre,^ make gestures
^grandis, prōcźrus,^ tall; /noun/ ^prōcźritās^
^brevis,^ short
^pinguis,^ /plp./ ^obźsus,^ fat, stout; ^pinguźscere,^ grow fat
^macer,^ thin, lean; /noun/ ^maciźs^
^gracilis,^ slender, slim, lean; /noun/ ^gracilitās^
^tenuis,^ thin; /noun/ ^tenuitās^

*26.2 head, face*

... head ...
^caput,^ head; $c.[aput] dźmittere$, hang, bow one's head
^calva,^ skull
^vertex,^ top of head
^cerebrum,^ brain
^nūtāre,^ nod; /noun/ ^nūtus^

... hair ...
^capillus^ (/P rare/), ^coma^ /or/ ^comae,^ hair; ^comāns, comōsus,^ hairy
^pectere,^ comb; /noun/ ^pecten^
^cōmere,^ comb, arrange, dress (hair)
^hirsūtus,^ shaggy
^capillum compōnere,^ do one's hair
^intōnsus,^ unshorn, with long hair
^calamistrum,^ curling-irons
^crispus, calamistrātus,^ curled; /verb/ ^crispāre^
^cincinnus,^ (artificial) curl
^calvus,^ bald; /noun/ ^calvitium^
^cānus^ (/poet./), greyhaired, hoary; ^cānī^ (sc. ^capillī^), grey hair
^barba,^ beard; ^mentum,^ beard (on chin); /diminutive/ ^barbula;^ ^barbātus,^ bearded; ^imberbis,^ beardless
^tondźre,^ clip, trim, shave; ^tōnsor,^ barber; ^tōnstrīna,^ barber's shop
^rādere,^ shave; ^novācula,^ razor

... face ...
^faciźs, ōs,^ face, countenance; $nōsse$ /Acpn/ $dź faciź$, know one by sight
^vultus,^ face, mien, expression, features
^color,^ complexion; $c.[olor] albus$, fair c.[omplexion]
^frōns,^ forehead, brow; $frontem contrahere$, knit the brows
^rūga,^ wrinkle; /adj./ ^rūgōsus^
^tempora^ /P/, temples
^supercilium,^ eyebrow
^palpebra,^ eyelid
^oculus,^ /poet./ ^lūmen,^ eye; ^pūpula,^ pupil
^lacrima,^ tear; $lacrimās commovźre$, cause tears; $lacrimās effundere$, shed t.[ears]; $vim lacrimārum profundere$, shed a flood of t.[ears]; ^flźre, lacrimāre,^ weep; /noun/ ^flźtus;^ $reprimere flźtum$, check tears; /adj./ ^flźbilis;^ ^plōrāre,^ weep aloud, wail
^caecus, oculīs captus,^ blind; ^caecitās,^ blindness; ^caecāre,^ blind
^luscus,^ one-eyed
^oculī perversī,^ squinting eyes
^strabō,^ one who squints; /also adj./
^paetus,^ having a cast in the eye; /diminutive/ ^paetulus^

QV: sight, 14
 
^auris,^ ear
^surdus, auribus captus,^ deaf; ^obsurdźscere,^ grow deaf
^surdus īdemque mūtus,^ deaf mute

QV: sound, 13

^nāsus,^ nose
^nāris,^ nostril; /P/ ^nārźs,^ nose
^silus,^ snub-nosed
^olfacere,^ smell

QV: smell, 12.3

^corrūgāre nārźs,^ turn up the nose
^sź źmungere^ /or/ ^źmungī,^ blow one's nose
^sternuere,^ sneeze
^gena,^ cheek; ^bucca,^ cheek (puffed out); /both usu. P./
^rubźre, źrubźscere,^ blush; /noun/ ^rubor;^ ^pallźscere, expallźscere,^ grow pale; ^pallźre,^ be or grow pale; /noun/ ^pallor;^ /adj./ ^pallidus,^ pale
^fūcus,^ rouge
^crźta,^ face powder

... mouth ...
^ōs,^ mouth
^rictum, rictus,^ (open) mouth
^hiāre,^ gape; ^hiātus,^ open mouth
^palātum,^ palate
^faucźs, gula, guttur,^ throat, gullet
^sorbźre, absorbźre,^ suck in, swallow
^lābrum,^ lip
^ridźre,^ laugh; /noun/ ^rīsus;^ $rīsūs źdere$, laugh; $rīsum movźre$ /or/ $commovźre$ /or/ $concitāre$, raise laughter; $rīsum rumpere$, check laughter; /adj./ ^rīdiculus;^ ^subrīdźre,^ smile; ^arrīdźre,^ smile upon; ^cachinnāre,^ laugh aloud; /noun/ ^cachinnus,^ loud laugh, guffaw
^sāvium^ /or/ ^suāvium^ (/early/), ^ōsculum, bāsium^ (/poet./), kiss; ^dare sāvium, s(u)āviārī, ōsculārī, bāsiāre^, kiss
^ōscitāre,^ yawn
^lingua,^ tongue; ^lambere,^ lick

QV: taste, 12.4

^dźns,^ tooth; ^mordźre,^ bite; /noun/ ^morsus;^ /adj./ ^mordāx;^ ^rōdere,^ gnaw; ^mandāre,^ chew, devour

QV: voice, speech, 41

^mentum,^ chin 

*26.3 trunk, limbs*

^collum, cervīcźs^ (/P/), neck
^iugulum,^ collarbone; throat
^gurguliō,^ windpipe
^pectus, mamma,^ breast; ^sinus,^ bosom
^spīna,^ backbone
^costa,^ rib
^umerus,^ shoulder
^dorsum, dorsus, tergum,^ back
^lumbus,^ loin
^gremium,^ lap

... internal organs ...
^viscera^ (/P/), internal organs
^intestīnum,^ intestine
^cor,^ heart
^artźria,^ windpipe
^pulmō,^ lung; ^spīrāre, respīrāre,^ breathe; ^anima, spīritus, hālitus,^ breath; $spīritum dūcere$, draw b.[reath]; ^suspīrāre,^ breathe deeply, sigh; ^respīrātiō,^ taking breath; ^suspīrium,^ sigh; ^anhźlāre,^ pant; /noun/ ^anhźlitus;^ ^exanimārī,^ lose breath
^venter, abdōmen, alvus,^ paunch
^īlia,^ groin
^stomachus,^ gullet, windpipe, stomach
^praecordia,^ diaphragm; stomach
^iecur,^ liver
^rźnźs,^ kidneys

... limbs ...
^artūs^ (/P/), ^membrum,^ limb
^lacertus,^ arm, upper arm
^bracchium,^ arm, forearm
^bracchia circumdare^ /or/ ^inicere^ /or/ ^implicāre collō,^ /or/ ^amplectī^ /or/ ^complectī,^ embrace; /noun/ ^complexus^
^ulna,^ elbow; /poet./ arm
^cubitum,^ elbow

... hand ...
^manus,^ hand
^tractāre,^ handle; /noun/ ^tractātiō;^ /adj./ ^tractābilis^
^plaudere,^ clap the hands
^dexter,^ right; $dextram tendere, porrigere$, offer one's hand
^sinister, laevus^ (/poet./), left; /noun/ ^sinistra, laeva,^ left hand
^palma,^ palm, /poet./ hand
^manūs supīnae,^ hands with palm upward (as in prayer)
^pūgnus,^ fist; ^pūgnīs certāre,^ box
^digitus,^ finger; ^pollex,^ thumb
^concrepāre digitīs,^ snap the fingers
^ānulus,^ ring
^unguis,^ nail

... leg ...
^femur,^ thigh; ^crūs,^ leg, shin; ^genū,^ knee; ^tībia,^ shinbone; ^tālus,^ ankle; ^pźs,^ foot
^prōterere,^ trample on
^gradus, passus,^ step, pace
^vestīgium,^ footstep, footprint, sole of foot; /Gpn/ $vestīgia persequī$, follow in f. of
^calx,^ heel; $calce petere$, kick
^planta,^ sole of foot
^claudus,^ lame, crippled; /verbs/ ^claudźre, claudicāre,^ limp

QV: walk, 4.4

*26.4 health*

^salūs,^ welfare; /adj./ ^salūber^ /or/ ^-bris, salūtāris,^ healthful, wholesome; /noun/ ^salūbritās^
^valźre,^ be well, in good health; /noun/ ^valźtūdō,^ health; $v.[alźtūdō] integra$, good health; $valźtūdinī cōnsulere$, take care of oneself; $valźtūdine bonā ūtī$, enjoy good health
^sibi parcere,^ be careful of one's health
^sānus, valźns, validus,^ healthy; /noun/ ^sānitās;^ $incorruptā sānitāte esse$, be in thoroughly sound health
^vigźre, virźre,^ flourish, be strong; /nouns/ ^vigor, viriditās^
^integer,^ sound, in full vigor; /noun/ ^integritās^
^rōbur,^ strength; /adj./ ^rōbustus^
^fīrmus, validus, valźns, virīlis,^ strong, vigorous; /noun/ ^fīrmitās;^ /verb/ ^fīrmāre;^ ^dūrus,^ (/poet./) hardy, vigorous; /noun/ ^dūritia^

*26.5 sickness*

^gravitās valźtūdinis^ /or/ ^valźtūdō,^ /or/ ^aegra^ /or/ ^īnfīrma valźtūdō,^ ill-health $valźtūdinem āmittere$, fall ill; $valźtūdine tenuissimā esse$, be very weak; $valźtūdinem$ (/or/ $morbum$) $excūsāre$, plead ill-health as an excuse; $valźtūdinis excūsātiōne ūtī$, avail oneself of the excuse of ill-health
^graviter sź habźre,^ feel unwell
^aeger, aegrōtus,^ sick, ill, diseased; $aegrum simulāre$, pretend to be ill, malinger; /verb/ ^aegrōtāre;^ /nouns/ ^aegritūdō^ (/usu./ of mind), ^aegrōtātiō^
^imbźcillus, dźbilis, īnfīrmus, invalidus,^ feeble, weak; /nouns/ ^imbźcillitās, dźbilitās, morbus,^ illness, disease, ailment; $morbō afficī$ /or/ $implicārī, in morbum cadere$ /or/ $incidere$ /or/ $incurrere$, fall ill
^morbō impedītus,^ stricken by illness
^īnsānābilis,^ incurable
^dźbilitāre,^ lame, maim, weaken
^senium,^ feebleness (of old age)
^vitium corporis,^ bodily defect
^dolor,^ pain; /verb/ ^dolźre,^ feel pain
^afflīctātiō,^ torment, pain
^gravźdō,^ cold (in the head), catarrh
^pītuīta,^ cold
^tussis,^ cough; /verb/ ^tussīre^
^febris,^ fever; $febrim nancīscī$, catch a f.[ever]; ^febrīcula,^ slight fever
^podagra,^ gout
^tremere, horrźre, horrźscere, contremīscere^ (e.g. $omnibus artubus$), ^perhorrźscere^ (e.g. $tōtō corpore$), tremble, shudder; /noun/ ^tremor;^ /adj./ ^tremulus,^ /plp./
^obtorpźscere,^ grow torpid, lose feeling
^torpźre,^ be stiff, numb
^tumźre,^ be swollen
^dolor artuum,^ gout
^pźs luxus,^ sprained foot
^mancus,^ decrepit, infirm
^ulcus, vomica,^ ulcer, sore

QV: deaf, blind, 26.2

^pestilentia, pestis,^ plague
^pestilźns (locus),^ infected, unhealthy
^contāgiō,^ infection
^tābźs,^ wasting, consumption, plague; /verbs/ ^tābźscere, perīre,^ waste away, perish
^vulnus,^ wound; $v.[ulnus] accipere$ /or/ $sustinźre$, be wounded; $v.[ulnus] obligāre$, bandage w.[ound]; $v.[ulnus] īnferre$, /or/ $vulnerāre$, wound; ^saucius,^ wounded; /verb/ ^saucīre;^ ^cōnfectus,^ disabled, exhausted
^cicātrīx,^ scar
^mortifer,^ deadly, causing death

QV: poison, 47.2

*26.6 medical treatment*

^ars medendī, medicīna,^ practice of medicine; ^medicīnam exercźre, profitźrī,^ practise as a doctor
^cūrāre, sānāre, medźrī,^ heal, cure, restore to health; /adj./ ^sānābilis,^ curable
^subvenīre,^ relieve, heal, remedy (e.g. $gravźdinī$)
^medicus,^ doctor
^pharmacopōla,^ quack
^medicāmentum, medicāmen, medicīna, remedium,^ medicine, remedy; ^adhibźre medicīnam aegrōtō,^ give medicine to the patient
^mulcźre,^ soothe
^recreārī^ /or/ ^convalźscere ex morbō^ (/or/ ^vulnere^), ^sź reficere,^ recover (from illness)

*26.7 sanity, madness*

^in potestāte mentis esse,^ be of sound mind; ^exīre ex potestāte^ (sc. ^mentis^), become insane
^compos mentis,^ sane
^ad sānitātem revertī,^ recover one's senses
^furor, īnsānia, vźsānia, vźcordia, dźmentia, rabiźs,^ madness
^īnsānus, male sānus, vźsānus, vźcors, fānāticus, furiōsus, dźmźns, captus mente, rabidus, rabiōsus, cerrītus,^ mad, raving
^īnsānīre, dźlīrāre, furere,^ be out of one's mind, rave, be mad; /noun/ ^dźlīrātiō^

*26.8 tear to pieces, maim*

^lacerāre,^ mangle, mutilate; /noun/ ^lacerātiō^
^laniāre, dīlaniāre, excarnificāre,^ tear to pieces; /noun/ ^laniātus^
^mutilus,^ maimed; /verb/ ^mutilāre^
^truncus,^ mutilated

*27.1 clothing*

^vestītus,^ (/late/) ^habitus,^ dress, clothing
^vestis, cultus,^ clothing, clothes, attire
^ōrnātus,^ attire, apparel
^vestīmentum,^ article of clothing, (/P/) clothing
^vestīre,^ dress, clothe
^induere^ (/usually refl. or pass./), clothe, put on
^amicīre,^ throw or wrap round (of outer garments)
^cōmptus,^ elegant, adorned
^mundus,^ neat, elegant; /noun/ ^munditia^
^nitidus,^ spruce, trim; /noun/ ^nitor,^ elegance
^exuere,^ strip; $vestem pōnere$, undress
^nūdus,^ naked, bare; /verb/ ^nūdāre, dźnūdāre,^ strip, bare

... ...
^lāna,^ wool
^linteum,^ linen; /adj./ ^linteus^
^sźricus,^ silk (/adj./); ^sźrica,^ silk garments or silks
^textile,^ cloth, stuff
^centō,^ piece of cloth, rag, patchwork
^pannus,^ piece of cloth, rag; ^pannōsus,^ tattered

*27.2 articles of clothing, etc.*

^toga,^ toga (man's gown); $t.[oga] sordida$ /or/ $pulla$, worn in mourning; $t.[oga] virīlis$ /or/ $pūra$, garb of manhood; $togam virīlem sūmere$, come of age; $t.[oga] praetexta$, bordered with purple, worn by higher magistrates and free-born children; ^togātus,^ clad in the toga
^amictus, amiculum,^ outer garment
^paenula,^ (travelling) cloak (with hood)
^lacerna,^ (thick) cloak (with hood)
^sagum,^ coarse woollen mantle
^tunica,^ undergarment; $t.[unica] tālāris$, reaching to ankles; $t.[unica] manicāta$, with sleeves
^manicae,^ long sleeves of tunica
^palla, stola,^ robe (ladies' outer garment)
^pallium,^ (Greek) cloak, shawl
^chlamys,^ (Greek) upper garment, often worn over uniform
^fascia,^ band, fillet
^monīle,^ necklace
^redimīculum,^ necklace, chaplet
^torquis,^ necklace
^armilla,^ bracelet
^fībula,^ clasp, buckle
^sinus,^ fold; used as purse
^sūdārium,^ handkerchief
^pilleus,^ cap; /adj./ ^pilleātus^
^mitra,^ turban
^calceus,^ shoe, half-boot
^caliga,^ leather shoe (especially of soldiers)
^solea, crepida,^ sandal
^sūtor,^ shoemaker

+28 TOWN+

*28.1*

^urbs,^ town, city; ^Urbs,^ Rome; $urbem condere, cōnstituere$, found a city; /adj./ ^urbānus,^ of the city, /espec./ Rome; ^suburbānus,^ near Rome, suburban
^cīvis, urbānus,^ inhabitant of a city, town-dweller, citizen
^mūnicipium,^ free town; ^mūniceps, mūnicipālis homō,^ inhabitant of such a town; ^mūnicipālis,^ municipal, provincial
^arx,^ citadel
^oppidum,^ town (/usu. other than Rome/); /adj./ ^oppidānus,^ belonging to a (country) town, provincial; /as noun/ townsman
^colere, incolere, habitāre,^ inhabit; /noun/ ^incola, cultor,^ inhabitant; ^habitantźs,^ inhabitants; /adj./ ^habitābilis,^ inhabitable
^hominum numerō valźre,^ be populous
^emporium,^ market town
^vīcus,^ village; quarter (of town); /dimin./ ^vīculus;^ ^vīcānus,^ dwelling in a village
^pāgus,^ district, province, canton
^pāgānus,^ villager, rustic

*28.2*

^moenia,^ walls (of city or fortress)
^mūrus^ (/usu. P/), wall
^pōmźrium,^ space within and without walls of town, kept free from buildings
^turris,^ tower
^specula,^ watch tower
^porta,^ gate; $portam praeclūdere$, bar g.[gate]
^via,^ road, street; ^platea, vīcus,^ street
^angiportum^ /or/ ^-us^, alley
^forum,^ public place, market place (/of various kinds/)
^spatium,^ promenade, public place or square; ^hortī^ (e.g. $Caesaris$), park, public gardens

... ...
^sźdźs, domicilium, habitātiō,^ dwelling-place; /see/ 29.1
^obtinźre,^ occupy, possess
^cōnsīdere,^ settle, establish oneself
^commigrāre,^ remove (to another house or town)
^praedium,^ estate (in town or country), farm

+29 HOUSE+

*29.1 houses*

^domus, aedźs^ (/P/), ^tźctum,^ house; $domus necessāriīs rźbus īnstrūcta$, a well-furnished house; ^aediculae,^ small house
^īnsula,^ block of tenements
^penātźs,^ home; ^focī,^ homes
^rźgia \[domus\]^, royal palace, residence
^turris,^ castle, palace
^cūria,^ town hall; ^basilica,^ public hall (town hall, exchange)
^aula,^ hall, palace; ^porticula,^ small hall
^suburbānum,^ villa in suburbs
^vīlla,^ country house, farm; ^vīcus,^ country seat; ^casa, tugurium,^ cottage, hut; ^mapālia^ (/P/), huts, tents; ^gurgustium,^ hovel, hut
^dźversōrium, dźverticulum, hospitium,^ inn, lodging; /verbs/ ^dźvertere, dźversārī,^ put up
^caupōna,^ inn
^sarta tźcta,^ buildings in good repair
^mercźdźs habitātiōnum annuae,^ rent
^domī,^ at home; ^forīs,^ out of doors
^carźre pūblicō,^ remain at home; ^in pūblicō esse,^ not to be at home

*29.2 structure*

^aedificāre,^ build, erect, construct; /nouns/ ^aedificium,^ building; ^aedificātiō, aedificātor^
^superficiźs,^ building
^exaedificāre,^ complete the building of
^astruere,^ build on
^architectus,^ architect; /verb/ ^architectārī;^ /noun/ ^architectūra^
^fundāmentum,^ foundation
^later,^ brick
^tźctum,^ roof; ceiling; ^sōlārium,^ flat roof
^tźgula,^ roofing tile, roof
^lacūnar,^ (panelled) ceiling
^solum,^ floor
^pavīmentum,^ floor, pavement
^pinna,^ pinnacle
^fastīgium,^ gable
^columen,^ gable, column; ^columna, pīla,^ column, pillar
^porticus,^ collonade, gallery, porch, portico
^fornix,^ vault, arch
^pariźs,^ party-wall; $intrā parietźs$, within four walls /or/ by private agreement
^faucźs,^ passage
^scālae,^ staircase; ^gradus,^ step (of staircase)
^contabulātiō,^ floor, storey
^cźnāculum,^ upper floor
^gynaecźum,^ women's apartments

*29.3 entrance*

^iānua,^ (front) door; ^valvae,^ folding doors; ^forźs^ (/P/), ^ōstium,^ door; ^postīcum,^ back-door
^pulsāre (ōstium),^ knock (at the door); $iānuam effringere$, burst door open
^iānitor,^ doorkeeper
^postis,^ doorpost; ^līmen,^ threshold
^cardō,^ hinge
^clāvis,^ key; ^repāgulum,^ bolt; ^claustra,^ bar, lock, bolt
^aperīre, reserere^ /plp./, open; ^patźre,^ stand open; ^claudere, operīre,^ shut; ^īnclūdere,^ shut in
^fenestra,^ window
^lūmināria,^ shutters

*29.4 atrium, etc.*

^vestībulum,^ forecourt
^tablīnum,^ office
^ātrium,^ central hall
^perist~ylum,^ collonade round courtyard
^compluvium,^ skylight
^impluvium,^ basin for rain-water; /also/ = compluvium
^supellex,^ furniture
^sella,^ chair, stool; ^subsellium, sedīle^ /plp./, chair, bench; ^scamnum,^ stool, bench; ^cathedra,^ armchair
^pulvīnar,^ couch
^pulvīnus,^ cushion; /dimin./ ^pulvīllus^
^arca,^ chest; money-box
^āra,^ altar
^abacus,^ sideboard
^peripetasma, peristrōma,^ carpet

*29.5 dining*

^trīclīnium,^ dining-room, dining-couch; $in trīclīniō recumbere$ /or/ $discumbere$, our "sit down for a meal"
^mźnsa,^ table, meal; ($mźnsae$ \[D] /or/ $in convīviō$) $accubāre, accumbere, cubāre$, recline at table
^epulae^ (/P/), dishes, meal; ^ferculum,^ course
^secunda mźnsa,^ dessert
^ientāculum,^ breakfast; ^prandium,^ lunch; $invitāre ad p.[randium]$, invite to l.[unch]; $in prandiō accipere$ /Acpn/ $ad sź$, entertain to l.[unch]; /verb/ ^prandźre;^ N.B. ^prānsus,^ having lunched; ^cźna,^ dinner; $cźnam dare$ /Dpn/, entertain at table; /verb/ ^cźnāre^
/Acpn/ ^adhibźre epulīs^ /or/ ^cźnae,^ /or/ ^invītāre ad cźnam,^ invite to dinner
^convīvium,^ banquet, dinner-party; $c.[onvīvium] īnstruere$, get ready a b.[anquet]; $convīviō$ /or/ $in c.[onvīviō] interesse$, attend b.[anquet]; $c.[onvīvium] renuere$, decline invitation to dinner
^convīva,^ guest
^umbra,^ companion (of important guest)
^ministrāre^ (e.g. $pōcula, bibere$), serve (at table)
^daps, epulum,^ public dinner, solemn feast; banquet
^epulārī,^ feast
^lautus,^ sumptuous, luxurious
^lūxus, lūxuria,^ luxury; /adj./ ^lūxuriōsus^

*29.6 kitchen*

^culīna,^ kitchen
^cella,^ storeroom; $c.[ella] penāria$, s.[toreroom] for provision; $c.[ella] oleāria$, s.[toreroom] for oil
^carnārium,^ larder
^vās,^ utensil, dish
^urna,^ jar, bucket
^coquus,^ cook; /verb/ ^coquere,^ cook, boil, stew
^crūdus,^ uncooked, raw
^torrźre,^ roast, bake
^assum,^ roast meat, e.g. $assum vitulīnum$
^frīgere,^ fry
^fervźre,^ boil (/intrans./)
^verū,^ spit, broach
^focus,^ fire-place
^furnus,^ oven, bakehouse
^vatillum,^ chafing-dish
^popīna,^ cookshop

*29.7 food*

^vīctus,^ nourishment, diet
^alimentum, nūtrīmentum, cibus, penus,^ food; $corpus cibō cūrāre$, take food; $cibum tibi appōnō$, set food before you; /adj./ ^penārius^
^źsca,^ solid food; ^źsculentus,^ edible
^edere,^ eat; ^exedere,^ eat up, consume; ^vźscī^ /Ab/, ^vīvere^ /Ab/, live on, feed on; ^dźvorāre, comedere,^ consume, devour; ^adedere,^ nibble
^edāx,^ devouring, voracious
^famźs,^ hunger; $famem dźpellere$ /or/ $explźre$, satisfy h.[unger]; $fame perīre$ /or/ $źnecārī$ /or/ $consūmī$, starve
^źsurīre,^ hunger
^iźiūnus,^ hungry, fasting; /noun/ ^iźiūnium^
^inedia,^ fasting (/noun/), starvation
^aqua,^ water; /see 9.1/
^satur,^ sated
^gula,^ appetite, gluttony
^ligūrītiō,^ fondness for dainties
^helluārī,^ guzzle

... ...
^carō,^ meat
^pānis,^ bread; ^pīstor,^ baker
^placenta,^ cake
^crūstum,^ pastry; ^crūstulum,^ small pastry, confectionery
^puls,^ porridge
^sāl,^ salt
^piper,^ pepper
^prōmulsis,^ savoury as first course

... ...
^lanx,^ dish
^patella,^ pan, plate
^patina,^ dish, pan
^pźlvis,^ basin
^sportella, sportula,^ little basket for food; its contents

*29.8 drink*

^pōtiō,^ drink, beverage
^bibere,^ drink, ^pōtāre,^ drink, tipple; N.B. ^pōtus,^ /usu./ being drunk (intoxicated), /also/ having drunk /and/ having been drunk; ^pōtus,^ drinking; ^pōtātiō,^ drinking bout; ^pōtātor,^ toper
^propīnāre^ /Dpn/, drink to
^źbrius, vīnolentus,^ tipsy; /nouns/ ^źbrietās, vīnolentia;^ /adj./ ^vīnōsus,^ given to drink, bibulous
^crāpula,^ intoxication
^tźmulentus,^ drunk
^combibō, cōmissātor, compōtor,^ boon-companion
^effundere,^ pour out
^haurīre,^ drain
^sitis,^ thirst; $sitim explźre$, quench t.[hirst]; /verb/ ^sitīre^

... ...
^puteus,^ well; /see 9.2/
^dōlium,^ large jar
^hydria, ūrceus,^ jug (for water)
^lagoena,^ jug, flagon
^ampulla,^ flask
^lac,^ milk; /see 8.3/
^vīnum,^ wine; /see 22.5/; /adj./ ^vīnārius;^ ^vīnārium,^ wine-pot
^mustum,^ grape juice, must; ^mulsum,^ honeyed wine
^faex,^ dregs
^acźtum,^ vinegar

... ...
^cūpa,^ cask
^crātźr,^ mixing bowl
^miscźre,^ mix, blend
^merus,^ unmixed, pure
^pōculum, calix, scyphus, cibōrium,^ cup, goblet
^cyathus,^ ladle (for wine)
^cūpa,^ cask
^cella vīnāria, apothźca,^ storeroom for wine

*29.9 bedroom*

^cubiculum,^ bedroom, rest-room
^cubīle, lectus, torus,^ bed, couch; $in lectō iacźre$, lie in bed; $lectō tenźrī$, be confined to one's bed
^cūnae, cūnābula,^ cradle
^strātum,^ coverlet, blanket, pillow
^strāgula vestis,^ coverlet
^discumbere,^ lie down
^dormītum^ /or/ ^cubitum^ /or/ ^ad quiźtem īre^ /or/ ^trādere sź quiźtī, ad somnum^ /or/ ^ad dormiendum proficīsci,^ go to bed
^sōpīre, cōnsōpīre,^ lull to sleep, make to sleep; ^sōpītus,^ asleep
^obdormīre, obdormīscere, dormītāre,^ fall asleep
^dormīre, cubāre, quiźscere,^ sleep

... ...
^balneum, balneāria,^ bathroom; ^balneae,^ public baths; /adj./ ^balneārius;^ ^balneātor,^ bath-keeper
^alveus,^ bathing-tub
^piscīna,^ bathing-pool
^lavārī, aquā perfundī, perluī^ (e.g. $in flūminibus$), bathe
^somnus,^ sleep; $somnō prīvāre$ /Acpn/, $somnum$ /Dpn/ $adimere$, rob of sleep; $animus somnō relaxātus$, refreshed by s.[leep]
^excubāre,^ sleep out of doors
^somnium,^ dream; ^somnīre, in somnīs vidźre^ /Actg/, dream
^expergīscī,^ awake
^excitāre,^ arouse
^vigilāre,^ be awake, not sleep, be wakeful, keep watch; $v.[igilāre] noctźs$, not to sleep at night; ^vigilia,^ waking, watching
^insomnia,^ sleeplessness; ^somnum capere nōn posse,^ suffer from insomnia
^noctem pervigilāre,^ stay awake all night

... ...
^ārea,^ yard, court
^in prōpatulō,^ in the open court
^hortus,^ garden; /see 22.3/

+30 GOVERNMENT+

*30.1*

^cīvitās,^ state; $gubernātiō cīvitātis$, government of the s.[tate]
^pūblicus,^ public; $pūblica causa$, affair of the state
^rźspūblica,^ constitution, nation, politics, public life
^moderātor,^ /or/ ^gubernātor rźipūblicae,^ ruler of the state
^gubernātiō cīvitātis,^ government
^īnstitūta et lźgźs, lźgźs patriae,^ the constitution
^rempūblicam temperāre lźgibus,^ govern (a state) by laws
^commoda pūblica^ (/P/), the interests of the state
^sapientia cōnstituendae reīpūblicae, rźrum cīvīlium cōgnitiō et prūdentia,^ statesmanship
^sciźns reīpūblicae gerendae,^ a clever statesman
^diciō^ (/SN not in use/), rule, sovereignty, authority
^auctōritās, imperium,^ authority; $imperium singulāre$, sole a.[uthority]; $auctōritātem interpōnere$, assert a.[uthority]
^māiestās,^ majesty, dignity, sovereignty of the state
^dīgnitās,^ dignity, high rank
^nōbilitās,^ distinction, renown
^augustus,^ majestic, venerable
^īnsīgnis, praeclārus, nōbilis,^ distinguished, famous; ^nōbilitāre,^ make famous

*30.2*

^status (cīvitātis),^ form of government
^omnium summa rźrum,^ supreme power
^imperium,^ empire; government; supreme power; $i.[mperium] singulāre$, autocracy; $i.[mperium] obtinźre$ /or/ $tenźre$, hold command; /Dpn/ $summam imperiī permittere$, entrust with supreme powers; $summam imperiī tenźre$, have supreme command; $imperiō potīrī$, gain supreme power; $imperiō praesidźre$, be president; $novīs imperiīs studźre$, work for a change of government; ^imperiōsus,^ mighty; ^imperāre,^ govern
^prīnceps, imperātor,^ emperor; ^imperātrīx,^ empress
^prīncipātus,^ supreme command, /later/ sovereignty
^rźgnum,^ kingdom; sovereignty; /Dpn/ $r.[źgnum] dźferre$, make king; $r.[źgnum] occupāre$, be king; $r.[źgnum] excipere$, succeed to the throne
^interrźgnum,^ interregnum (/with/ ^interrźx^)
^rźx,^ king; $r.[źx] fierī$, ascend the throne; $rźgem redūcere$, restore k.[ing] to throne; $rźgem rźgnō spoliāre$, dethrone k.[ing]; /adjs./ ^rźgius, rźgālis;^ $rźgia potestās$, royal power; ^rźgāle genus cīvitātis,^ monarchy
^rźgīna,^ queen
^vicārius rźgnī,^ viceroy
^rźgulus,^ chief, chieftain
^regere,^ rule (/intrans./)
^rźgnāre,^ reign
^praeesse^ /D/, rule over
^īnsīgnia rźgia,^ regalia; ^solium,^ throne; ^scźptrum,^ sceptre; ^purpura,^ royal (crimson) cloak
^satelles,^ lifeguard, attendant, bodyguard
^stīpātiō,^ retinue, suite
^tyrannus,^ tyrant, despot; /adj./ ^tyrannicus^
^tyrannis, dominātiō, dominātus,^ tyranny

*30.3*

^senātus,^ senate; $in senātum legere$, elect to s.[enate]; $in senātum venīre$ /or/ $pervenīre$, become a senator; $ex$ /or/ $dź senātū źicere, dź senātū movźre, senātū prohibźre$, remove from the s.[enate]; $dźscīscere ā senātū$, cease to be a senator
^decuria,^ division (one-tenth) of senate
^ōrdō senātōrius, Patrźs Cōnscrīptī, patrźs,^ the senators
^senātor,^ senator; ^tunica lāticlāvia,^ senator's robe of state, with broad purple stripes
^cūria,^ senate house
^senātum convocāre^ /or/ ^cōgere,^ call a meeting; ^senātum mittere^ /or/ ^dīmittere,^ adjourn meeting
^referre ad senātum^ /Actg or/ ^dź^ /Abtg/, make a motion in the senate
^cźnsźre,^ give an opinion, vote; decree
^cernere,^ decide
^sententia,^ vote; $(pedibus) īre in sententiam$, vote for a motion
^discessiō,^ division; $discessiōnem facere$, divide the senate (on a motion)
^īnfrequentia senātūs,^ absence of quorum in senate
^dźcernere, źdīcere,^ decree, decide; /noun/ ^dźcrźtum,^ decree
^senātūs cōnsultum^ /or/ ^auctōritās,^ decree of senate

*30.4*

^honor,^ office, distinction, official dignity; $honōrem petere$, seek office
^status,^ rank, status (political or civil)
^ascendere in summum locum cīvitātis,^ attain the highest dignity in the state
^mūnus,^ post, function; $mūnere fungī$, administer, discharge an office
^magistrātus,^ civil office, magistracy; magistrate; $in magistrātū esse, manźre$, be, remain in office; $magistrātum habźre (obtinźre)$, hold office
^potestās,^ (magisterial) power, authority
^dictātor, magister populī,^ dictator; /adj./ ^dictātōrius;^ ^dictātūra,^ dictatorship; $dictātūram gerere$, be dictator
^cōnsul,^ consul; $rempūblicam cōnsulibus permittere$, give the consuls unlimited powers; /Acpn/ $cōnsulem facere (reficere)$, elect (re-elect) c.[onsul]; $c.[ōnsul] vitiōsus$, irregularly elected c.[onsul]; /adj./ ^cōnsulāris;^ ^cōnsulātus,^ office of c.[onsul], consulship; $cōnsulātum petere, adipīscī, obtinźre, inīre; cōnsulātū fungī; abīre, sź abdicāre cōnsulātū$, resign the c.[onsulship]; $cōnsulātū perāctō$, on the completion of his consulship
^praetor,^ praetor; /adj./ ^praetōrius;^ ^praetūra,^ praetorship
^cźnsor,^ censor; /adj./ ^cźnsōrius;^ ^cźnsūra,^ censorhsip
^aedīlis,^ aedile; /the/ aedīlźs /were/ curūlźs /or/ plźbźiī; /adj./ ^aedīlicius^
^quaestor,^ quaestor; /adj./ ^quaestōrius;^ ^quaestūra,^ quaestorship
^tribūnus,^ tribune; /adj./ ^tribūnīcius;^ ^tribūnātus,^ tribuneship; $dźpellere$ /Acpn/ $tribūnātū$, drive out of the tribuneship
^sella curūlis,^ official seat (used by consuls, praetors and curule aediles)
^tribūnal,^ platform on which seats of magistrates were placed
^accźnsus, appāritor,^ minor state official
^stator,^ magistrate's attendant
^lictor,^ lictor
^fascźs,^ rods and axe
^ad rempūblicam accźdere^ /or/ ^sź cōnferre, rempūblicam capessere, forum attingere,^ enter politicial life; ^dź forō dźcźdere,^ abandon political life
^prīvātus,^ citizen not holding public office
^honōribus dźfūnctus,^ one who has held office

*30.5 elections*

^(honōrem) petere,^ seek office, stand for, be candidate for; ^petītor,^ candidate; ^petītiō,^ candidature
^(nōmen) profitźrī,^ give in one's name
^candidātus,^ candidate (in "toga candida"); $mź candidātum cōnsulātūs profiteor$, declare that I am standing for the consulship
^ambitiō,^ canvassing; /verb/ ^ambīre^
^comitia,^ public assembly
^creāre,^ elect
^cooptāre,^ co-opt; /noun/ ^cooptātiō^
^suffrāgium,^ right of voting; vote; voting tablet; $s.[uffrāgium] ferre, suffrāgārī$, give one's vote; $s.[uffrāgium] inīre$, proceed to vote
^refrāgārī,^ vote against, oppose
^tabella,^ voting tablet
^pūnctum,^ vote; $pūncta ferre$, gain votes
^manum porrigere,^ hold up hand (in voting)
^diribźre,^ sort voting tablets; /nouns/ ^diribitiō, diribitor^
^renūntiāre,^ announce result
^repulsa,^ defeat; $repulsam ferre$, be rejected

*30.6*

^cīvis,^ citizen; $bonus (optimus) c.[īvis]$, a true patriot; $c.[īvis] ācerrimus$, an ardent patriot; /adjs./ ^cīvīlis, cīvicus,^ civil, civic; ^cīvīliter,^ like a good citizen
^pietās, amor in patriam,^ patriotism
^bene dź rźpūblicā sentīre,^ be patriotic
^populāris,^ fellow-countryman
^peregrīnus,^ alien (not Roman citizen)
^externus,^ foreign, strange
^caput,^ civil rights, status; $capite sź dźminuere$ /or/ $dźminuī$, lose civil rights; $capitis dźminūtiō$, loss of civil rights
^cīvitās,^ citizenship; $dōnāre$ /Acpn/ $cīvitāte$, bestow c.[itizenship] on one; $recipere$ /or/ $ascrībere$ /Acpn/ $in cīvitātem$, admit one to the right of c.[itizenship]; $largīre$ /Dpn/ $cīvitātem$, confer citizenship; $adimere$ /Dpn/ $cīvitātem$, deprive one of c.[itizenship]
^a(d)scīscere,^ admit (as citizen)
^in integrum restituere,^ restore to full rights
^ascrībere,^ enrol; ^cōnscrīptus,^ on the roll; ^cźnsus,^ register, burgess roll
^nota,^ brand, stigma, $nota cźnsōria$, note of censure (in censor's list)
^relźgāre,^ banish (without loss of civil rights or property)
^exsul,^ exile; ^exsilium,^ exile, banishment; $exsiliō afficere$, punish with exile; $in exsilium źicere, exigere, expellere, pellere$, banish; $in exsilium īre, pergere, proficīscī$, go into e.[xile]; ^exsulāre,^ be an exile, live in exile; $dź exsiliō revocāre, redūcere$, recall from e.[xile]
^ex patrīa źicere, ā patriā expellere, cīvitāte exturbāre,^ expel from the country; ^źiectiō,^ banishment
^prōscrībere,^ outlaw, proscribe; ^prōscrīptus,^ outlaw; ^prōscrīptiō,^ outlawry
^solum vertere^ /or/ ^mūtāre,^ go into exile
^mūtārī cīvitāte,^ be banished
^extermināre, interdīcere^ /Dpn/ ^aquā et īgnī, cīvitāte^ /or/ ^patriā pellere,^ banish

*30.7*

^nōbilis, generōsus,^ noble; $nōbilī genere nātus$, of noble family
^nōbilitās,^ high birth, aristocracy
^clārus,^ illustrious; ^clāritās,^ renown
^celeber,^ renowned, famous; /noun/ ^celebritās;^ /verb/ ^celebrāre^
^summō locō nātus,^ of a noble family; ^honestō locō nātus,^ of good family
^humilibus parentibus^ /or/ ^obscūrīs māiōribus nātus^ /or/ ^ortus,^ of humble birth
^humilitās, obscūritās,^ humble birth
^īgnōbilis,^ obscure, of low birth; /noun/ ^īgnōbilitās^
^sordźs,^ low social status; ^sordidus,^ of mean birth, humble
^patricius,^ patrician; a patrician; ^optimās,^ aristocratic; /P/, aristocracy; ^optimī cīvźs,^ optimates; ^prīmōrźs^ /P/, nobles, patricians; ^procerźs, prīmī^ (/or/ ^prīncipźs^) ^cīvitātis^, leading men, nobles
^bona ratiō,^ conservative party or attitude
^equitźs^ /P/, ^ōrdō equester,^ capitalist class
^bonī,^ men of substance, the upper class
^assiduus,^ one who pays tribute (citizen of upper classes)
^homō ingenuus,^ freeborn man
^populārźs^ /P/, people's party
^aura populāris,^ favour of the masses
^plźbs, plźbźs, ōrdō plźbźius,^ plebeian order, commons; ^plźbźius,^ plebeian; ^plźbźcula,^ rabble
^prōlźtārius,^ proletarian, citizen of lowest classes
^tenuiōrźs, tunicātī,^ people of the lower classes
^aerārius,^ member of lowest class of citizens
^capite cźnsī,^ assessed as persons merely, not according to income, but ability to labour
^novus homō, homō ā sź ortus,^ a self-made man, upstart
^factiō,^ party, class, faction; /adj./ ^factiōsus^

*30.8 revenue*

^aerārium, pūblicum, pecūnia pūblica,^ treasury, exchequer
^fiscus,^ state treasury
^vectīgal,^ tax, toll; $v.[ectīcal] impōnere$, tax; $exigere$, claim, exact; $pendere$, pay; $locāre$, farm out; $dź vectīgālibus eximere$, /or/ $levāre vectīgālī$, exempt from taxation
^stipendium,^ tax (payable in money)
^portōrium,^ duty on imported and exported goods; ^portitor,^ custom-house officer
^tribūtum,^ tribute, military tax; $t.[ribūtum] impōnere$, impose t.[ribute]; $t.[ribūtum] cōnferre, facere, pendere$, pay t.[ribute]
^immūnis,^ exempt from taxation; /noun/ ^immūnitās^
^agrōs līberāre,^ free lands from taxation
^pūblicānus,^ tax-collector
^manceps, redźmptor,^ contractor
^locātiō,^ contract for right of collecting taxes
^redźmptiō,^ farming of the revenue

... ...
^pūblicāre,^ make public property, confiscate
^prōscrībere,^ publish (a man) as having forfeited his property, punish with confiscation, confiscate
^addīcere bona^ /Gpn/ ^in pūblicum,^ confiscate

*30.9 offences against state*

^iniūriae pūblicae,^ offences against the state
^in rźpūblicā peccāre,^ offend against the state
^coniūrāre contrā^ /Ac/, enter into a conspiracy against; ^coniūrātiō,^ plot, conspiracy; $prīncipźs coniūrātiōnis$, heads of conspiracy; $c.[oniūrātiō] contrā rempūblicam$; $coniūrātiōnem invźstīgāre$, be on the track of a c.[onspiracy]; ^coniūrātī,^ conspirators; ^cōnscius (scelerum),^ accomplice
^cōnspīrāre,^ plot together
^cōnsźnsiō, coitiō, conspīrātiō,^ conspiracy
^novae rźs,^ revolution; $novīs rźbus studźre$, be eager for revolution
^tumultus, mōtus,^ uproar, civil war, sudden rising, disturbance
^sźditiō,^ mutiny, insurrection, /see 37.3/; ^sźditiōsus,^ factious, disaffected
^sźcźdere,^ secede, revolt; /noun/ ^sźcessiō^
^dźficere ab^ /Ab/, revolt from; ^dźfectiō,^ revolt, rebellion
^dź occupandō rźgnō mōlīrī,^ strive to usurp the government
^malī^ /or/ ^improbī (cīvźs),^ unpatriotic citizens
^contrā rźgem (rempūblicam) arma sūmere,^ be a rebel; ^male sentīre,^ be disaffected
^cīvis impius, parricīda patriae,^ traitor; ^parricīdium patriae,^ treason
^perduelliō,^ treason; $perduelliōnis$ /or/ $māiestātis reus$, traitor
^lźx māiestātis,^ law relating to treason
^māiestātem minuere^ /or/ ^laedere,^ be guilty of high treason; $māiestātis accūsāre$, accuse of treason; $māiestātis damnāre$, convict of treason
^perduelliōnis iūdicium,^ trial for treason

+31 RELIGION+

^rźs dīvīnae^ /or/ ^sacrae,^ religion

*31.1*

^rźs dīvīna^ (/also P/), worship, sacrifice
^religiō,^ piety; religious scruple; (/S or P/) religion
^sacra^ (/P/), worship; $s.[acra] facere$, engage in worship; ^magister sacrōrum,^ high priest
^mystźria,^ secret worship; /adj./ ^mysticus^
^deus, dīvus, caelestis^ (/usu. P/), god; ^dea, dīva,^ goddess
^dīvīnitās,^ divinity
^ambrosia,^ food of the gods; ^nectar,^ drink of the gods
^nympha,^ nymph
^superī,^ gods above
^īnferī,^ dwellers below, the dead; ^Mānźs,^ spirits of the dead; gods of the lower world
^dīvīnus, caelestis,^ divine
^immortālis,^ undying; /noun/ ^immortālitās^
^nūmen,^ divine power, divine will, deity
^sānctus,^ holy, inviolable; /noun/ ^sānctitās;^ ^sacer,^ sacred, consecrated; accursed
^sollemnis,^ religious
^rītus, caerimōnia, sollemne,^ rite, ceremony
^rīte,^ with proper rites
^pompa,^ solemn or festal procession
^sacrum,^ sacred vessel
^capźdō,^ sacrificial bowl
^venerārī,^ worship; ^colere,^ worship (by rites); /nouns/ ^venerātiō, cultus;^ ^adōrāre,^ worship, implore
^obsecrāre^ /Ac/, ^supplicāre^ /D/, implore; ^supplex,^ suppliant
^adīre deōs,^ approach the gods as a suppliant
^precārī, invocāre,^ pray, invoke; ^precźs^ (/P/), prayer; $adhibźre p.[recźs] diīs immortālibus$, pray to the gods; ^precātiō,^ prayer
^plācāre,^ appease
^vōtum,^ prayer
^celebrāre,^ solemnise, keep a festival
^pius,^ pious, devout; /noun/ ^pietās^
^religiō,^ piety, faith; ^religiōsus,^ pious
^fźstus,^ festal, solemn; $diem fźstum agere$ /or/ $agitāre$, keep holiday
^diźs fāstus,^ day on which business could be done; ^diźs nefāstus,^ day on which no official business could be transacted

... ...
^vovźre, dźvovźre,^ vow, dedicate; ^vōtum^ (/usu. P/), vow, solemn promise; votive offering; $vōta facere$ /or/ $nūncupāre$, make vows; $v.[ōtum] reddere$ /or/ $solvere$, fulfil v.[ow]; ^vōtīvus,^ promised by vow, given in fulfilment of vow; ^dźvōtiō,^ consecration, vow
^sacrāre, cōnsecrāre, dicāre, dźdicāre,^ dedicate; /noun/ ^cōnsecrātiō^
^inaugurāre,^ consecrate, e.g. $templum$
^mactāre,^ dedicate (as offering)
^profānus,^ unconsecrated, profane
^polluere,^ desecrate

*31.2*

^cultus deōrum, sacra pūblica,^ public worship
^iūs dīvīnum,^ religious law
^templum, aedźs, fānum, dźlūbrum^ (/usu. P/), temple, sanctuary
^sacellum,^ sanctuary, chapel
^sacrārium,^ shrine, sanctuary
^āra,^ altar; ^tūs, suffīmentum,^ incense; ^lībāre,^ pour out as an offering; ^lībāmentum,^ libation
^simulācrum, imāgō,^ image, statue
^sacerdōtium,^ priesthood
^pontifex,^ pontiff; ^pontificātus,^ pontiffship; /adj./ ^pontificālis^
^sacerdōs,^ priest, priestess; ^flāmen,^ priest (of particular deity)
^antistes, antistita,^ high priest(ess), overseer of temple
^collźgium, sodālitās, sodālicium,^ college of priests; ^sodālis,^ member of such a college
^virgō Vestālis,^ Vestal virgin
^sacrificium,^ sacrifice; /verb/ ^sacrificāre;^ ^sacrum facere,^ perform sacrifice; ^hostia, victima,^ animal sacrificed, victim; ^mactāre, immolāre,^ sacrifice, immolate, worship; ^lūstrāre,^ purify (by sacrifice); /noun/ ^lūstrātiō;^ ^litāre,^ sacrifice under favourable conditions

*31.3*

^sacra prīvāta,^ household worship
^Lār,^ tutelary deity
^Larārium,^ household shrine
^Penātźs^ (/P/), household deities
^genius,^ guardian spirit

*31.4 impiety; superstition*

^impius, nefārius,^ irreligious, ungodly; /nouns/ ^impietās, neglegentia deōrum, nūllus deōrum metus,^ irreligion
^sacrilegus,^ sacrilegious, impious; /also noun/
^violāre deōs immortālźs,^ be impious
^superstitiō, nimia^ /or/ ^prāva^ /or/ ^perversa religiō^ /or/ ^religiō^ /alone/, ^inānis timor deōrum,^ superstition; $superstitiōne imbūtus$, steeped in s.[uperstition]; /adj./ ^superstitiōsus, religiōsus^
^lamia,^ witch
^larvae, lźmurźs,^ ghosts

*31.5 prophecy*

^vātźs,^ prophet, prophetess, seer, bard
^sāga,^ prophetess
^augur,^ diviner, soothsayer; /verb/ ^augurārī;^ ^augurium, augurātiō,^ augury, divination
^haruspex, sortilegus,^ soothsayer
^hostia,^ victim; ^exta^ (/n P/), entrails
^auspex,^ bird seer; /verb/ ^auspicārī,^ take auspices; ^auspicium,^ auspices, guidance
^ōrāculum,^ oracle
^ōmen, prōdigium, mōnstrum, portentum,^ sign, token, portent; $ōmen dźtestārī$, avert an omen
^faustus, fźlīx,^ propitious, lucky; ^īnfźlīx, laevus, sinister,^ unfortunate, unlucky; ^dīrus,^ ill-omened, portentous; ^obscźnum ōmen,^ evil omen, portent; ^bonīs, secundīs avibus,^ with a good omen; in a happy hour; /opposite/ ^avī malā;^ ^auspicia secunda (īnfźlīcia),^ good (bad) omens
^praepes,^ auspicious (of birds in augury)
^praerogātīva,^ good omen
^dīvīnāre, ōminārī, portendere, praecinere, praenūntiāre, vāticinārī,^ prophesy; /nouns/ ^dīvīnātiō, vāticinātiō^
^praedīcere,^ foretell; /nouns/ ^praedictiō, praedictum^
^fātidicus,^ prophesying
^obnūntiāre,^ announce an ill omen
^prōcūrāre,^ avert ill omen by sacrifice; /noun/ ^prōcūrātiō^
^praesāgiźns malōrum animus,^ a (gloomy) forebodying; ^praesentīre,^ have a foreboding

+32 CHANCE; FATE+

*32.1*

^fortūna, cāsus, fors,^ chance, fortune; $lūdibria fortūnae$, playthings of fate; $tźla fortūnae$, shafts of fate; $vulnere fortūnae percussus$, stricken by misfortune; $vaga f.[ortūna]$, fickle f.[ortune]; $caecus cāsus$, blind chance; $māgnus cāsus$, pure chance; /adj./ ^fortuītus,^ accidental
^forte, fortuītō, cāsū,^ by chance; $forte ac cāsū$, by mere chance
^sors, fātum,^ lot, fate, destiny
^fātālis,^ destined, fated
^sors,^ lot, decision by lot; $tollere sortźs$, draw lots; ^sortīrī,^ cast or draw lots; ^sortītō,^ by lot; ^sortītiō,^ drawing of lots
^sitella,^ small urn for drawing lots
^ālea,^ die; $āleam iacere,$ throw a die
^tessera,^ die (with 6 numbers); $tesserās iacere$
^tālus,^ die (with 4 numbers); $tālīs lūdere$
^Venus,^ best, /and/ ^canis,^ worst throw of dice
^occāsiō, facultās,^ opportunity
^accidere, źvenīre,^ happen, turn out; $accidit$ /or/ $źvźnit, ut adessem$, I happened to be present
^intervenīre,^ happen, occur
^temeritās,^ chance, accident
^contingere, obtingere, obvenīre,^ fall to the lot of, befall
^quīcumque ventī erunt,^ whatever may happen
^źventus, źventum, prōventus, exitus,^ result, issue
^sīc placitum^ (/scil./ ^dīs^), such was the dispensation of heaven

*32.2 favourable*

^fźlīcitās, prospera (flōrźns, secunda) fortūna, rźs prosperae (secundae), prosperitās,^ good fortune
^rźs flōrentissimae,^ flourishing circumstances
^rźbus ad nostram voluntātem fluentibus,^ things going as we desire
^fźlīx, fortūnātus,^ fortunate, lucky, well-off
^rźs mihi succźdit^ (/or without/ ^rźs^), I am successful
^successus,^ good result, success
^peropportūnź accidit, ut,^ it is most fortunate that
^źvādere,^ turn out, result
^omnia prosperź źveniunt, prōcźdunt^ /or/ ^succźdunt,^ all goes well
^prōficere,^ succeed, get on well
^pulchrź est mihi,^ all goes well with me
^mihi omnia iūcunda cecidźrunt,^ all has turned out well for me
^deōrum beneficiō accidit, ut...,^ happily, by heaven's favour
^cōnsiliō deōrum,^ providentially
^auspicātō,^ at a favourable time

*32.3 unfavourable*

^rźs adversae, fortūna adversa^ /or/ ^afflīcta,^ adversity
^extrźmā fortūnā,^ in greatest distress
^calamitās, cāsus, clādźs, fātum, īnfźlīcitās, perniciźs,^ misfortune, disaster; $calamitāte percussus$, hit by m.[isfortune]; /adj./ ^calamitōsus^
^fulmina fortūnae,^ blows of misfortune, calamities
^ictus novae calamitātis,^ blow of a fresh misfortune
^sī gravius quid accidat,^ in case of misfortune
^sź fortūna inclīnāverat,^ there was a change for the worse
^incommodum,^ unfortunate event; $importāre i.[ncommodum]$, cause trouble
^labor,^ hardship, trouble; ^labōriōsus,^ harassed
^īnfźlīx,^ ill-starred, unfortunate
^perniciōsus, fūnestus,^ fatal, baleful
^male źvenīre,^ turn out badly, go ill
^āctum est dź^ /Ab/, it is all over with; $dź summā rź āctum est$, all is lost

+33 PROPERTY, TRADE+

*33.1 property*

^rźs, bona^ (/P/), ^fortūnae^ (/P/), ^pecūnia,^ property, goods
^proprius,^ own, peculiar, personal, characteristic
^rźs familiāris^ (/or/ ^prīvāta^), private property; $rem familiārem neglegere$, mismanage one's estate; $r.[em] f.[amiliārem] dissipāre$, squander
^patrimōnium,^ inherited estate; $p.[atrimōnium] effundere, dźvorāre, profundere$, squander ones inheritance
^vectīgal,^ income; $v.[ectīcal] māgnum (tenue)$, large (slender) i.[ncome]; ^praediōrum frūctus,^ income from estates
^possidźre,^ possess, own; ^possessiō,^ holding, occupation; $in possessiōnem venīre$ /or/ $proficīscī$, come into possession; $possessiōnem bonōrum$ /Dpn/ $dare$ /or/ $trādere$, give one possession of goods; ^possessor,^ holder (not necessarily owner)
^possīdere,^ take possession of
^dominus,^ /poet./ ^erus,^ master, owner, proprietor; ^dominium,^ ownership
^potīrī,^ get possession of
^comparāre,^ procure; /noun/ ^comparātiō^
^praedia obligāta,^ mortgaged; /opposite/ ^solūta^
^ūsūcapere,^ acquire possession by long use; /noun/ ^ūsūcapiō^

*33.2 money*

^pecūnia,^ money; $māgnae pecūniae$, large sums of money; $pecūniās źrogāre$, spend m.[oney]; $pecūniam dźvorāre, effundere, lacerāre$, squander m.[oney]; /noun/ ^effūsiō;^ $pecūniās exigere$, exact payment; $pecūnia vī expressa$, extorted m.[oney]; $pecūniam expedīre$, gain m.[oney]; /Dpn/ $pecūniam numerāre$ /or/ $repraesentāre$, pay down; $pecūnia numerāta$, cash; $numerātō solvere$, pay in cash; ^repraesentātiō,^ payment in cash; ^(rem) solvere, pecūniam pendere^ /or/ ^solvere^ /or/ ^dissolvere, pźnsitāre,^ pay; ^persolvere,^ pay completely, in full
^pźnsiō,^ instalment
^nummus,^ coin, money; $in suīs nummīs multīs esse$ /or/ $versārī$, have plenty of (ready) money; $in nummīs habźre$, have in ready money
^aes,^ money
^talentum^ = 60 minae; ^mina^ = 100 dźnāriī; ^dźnārius,^ silver coin (about 8d.)
^sźstertius, nummus,^ sesterce (about 2d.); ^sźstertia^ = 1000 sesterces; ^sźstertium^ = 100,000 sesterces
^ās,^ penny; ^sextāns,^ farthing, mite
^monźta,^ mint
^loculī,^ casket (with compartments), purse
^fiscus,^ money-bag
^sacculus, marsuppium,^ pouch, purse
^crumźna,^ purse (hung round neck)
^zōna,^ money-belt
^arca,^ money-chest, safe
^thźca nummāria,^ money-box
^ad nummum convenit,^ it is correct to a penny
^cōdex acceptī et expźnsī,^ account-book of income and expenditure

*33.3 rich/poor*

... rich ...
^dīves,^ rich; ^dīvitiae,^ riches; $dīvitiīs$ /Acpn/ $augźre$, enrich
^opźs^ (/P/), wealth, resources; $opibus$ (/or/ $bonīs$ /or/ $dīvitiīs$ /or/ $pecūniā$) $abundāre$ /or/ $flōrźre$ /or/ $valźre$, be very well off, be very wealthy
^rźs flōrentźs,^ affluent circumstances
^facultātźs^ (/P/), riches
^opulentus,^ wealthy; /noun/ ^opulentia^
^locuplźs, pecūniōsus, bene nummātus,^ wealthy; ^locuplźtāre,^ enrich
^abundāns,^ wealthy; /noun/ ^abundantia^
^thźsaurus,^ treasure
^gaza,^ treasure, riches
^pecūniae cupidus,^ greedy for money; /see also 38.9/
^frūgālis,^ thrifty

... poor ...
^tenuis,^ poor; $t.[enuis] fortūna$, humble means; ^tenuitās,^ poverty
^pecūniae^ (/G/) ^angustiae^ (/P/), straitened means
^abiectae rźs,^ reduced circumstances
^difficultās nummāria,^ lack of ready money
^pauper,^ poor; /noun/ ^paupertās^
^egźns, egźnus,^ destitute; /noun/ ^egestās^
^inopia,^ need, indigence, privation; $inopiā labōrāre$ /or/ $premī$, be crushed by want; /adj./ ^inops^
^pźnūria,^ want, scarcity
^egźre^ (/or/ ^indigźre^) ^pecūniae^ (/or/ ^pecūniā^), ^carźre pecūniā,^ lack money
^mendīcus,^ /f/ ^mulier mendīca,^ beggar; ^mendīcitās,^ indigence; /verb/ ^mendīcāre^

*33.4 give/receive*

... give, lend; credit ...
^dare,^ give; /see 34/
^mūtuum,^ loan
^dō tibi pecūniam mūtuam, crźdō tibi pecūniam,^ lend you money
^pecūniās apud tź occupō,^ lend you money on interest
^dare ūtendum,^ lend; ^fźnus,^ interest on money lent; ^fźnerārī,^ lend on interest
^sors,^ invested capital
^ūsūra,^ interest
^reposcere,^ demand back
^fidźs,^ credit; $f.[idźs] angusta$, low credit
^crźditor,^ creditor
^toculliō,^ usurer

... receive, borrow, owe ...
^accipere,^ receive; $in acceptum tibi referō$, place to your credit, am indebted to you for
^mūtuārī, pecūniās mūtuās sūmere ab^ /Ab/, ^mūtuō sūmere, rogāre ūtendum, accipere ūtendum,^ borrow
^pecūniās sūmere mūtuās,^ get a loan
^impendium,^ interest on a loan
^dźbźre,^ owe; ^dźbitor,^ debtor; ^dźbitum,^ debt
^aes aliźnum,^ debt; $a.[es] a.[liźnum] contrahere$ (/or/ $facere$), run up a debt; $in aere aliźnō esse$, be in debt; $ex aere aliźnō labōrāre$, be burdened with debt; $aere aliźnō obruī$, be over the ears in debt; $in aere aliźnō vacillāre$, stagger under a load of debt; $aere aliźnō dźmersus$, deep in debt; /Acpn/ $aere aliźnō obstringere$, bring into debt; /Dpn/ $aes aliźnum dōnāre$, cancel a debt; $sź aere aliźnō exserere$ /or/ $levāre$ /or/ $līberāre, aere aliźnō exīre$, get out of debt
^obaerātus,^ in debt; /as noun/ debtor
^bonum nōmen,^ a good debtor
^nōmen^ (/or/ ^crźditās pecūniās^ /or/ ^aes aliźnum^) ^solvere^ /or/ ^dissolvere^ /or/ ^exsolvere, nōmina līberāre,^ discharge a debt
^versūra,^ borrowing of money to pay a loan
^solvendō nōn esse,^ be insolvent
^bonam cōpiam źiūrāre,^ swear that one is insolvent
^dźcoquere,^ run through one's fortune
^conturbāre^ (/also with/ ^ratiōnem^ /or/ ^ratiōnźs^), become bankrupt
^homō dīrutus, dźcoctor,^ bankrupt
^ergastulum,^ workhouse for debtors
^nectī ob aes aliźnum,^ be imprisoned or enslaved for debt; ^nexum inīre,^ become enslaved through debt

*33.5 trade*

^mercātus,^ trade; /verb/ ^mercārī^
^mercātūra,^ trade; $m.[ercātūra] māgna et cōpiōsa$, wholesale t.[rade]; $mercātūram facere$, trade
^quaestus,^ trade, calling
^negōtiātiō,^ wholesale business, banking business
^negōtiātor,^ merchant, banker; /verb/ ^negōtiārī;^ ^argentārius,^ banker; ^mercātor,^ merchant, (wholesale) dealer; ^caupō,^ retailer, shopkeeper; innkeeper; ^īnstitor, tabernārius,^ small dealer

... ...
^merx, vźnālia^ (/P/), goods, wares, merchandise
^forum, mercātus, macellum^ (for provisions), ^emporium,^ market, market-place
^nūndinae,^ market day, weekly market
^nūndinātiō,^ trafficking, business
^taberna,^ shop
^argentāria,^ bank; $argentāriam facere$, be a money-changer
^mźnsārius,^ public banker
^societās,^ joint-stock company
^socius,^ partner

... selling ...
^vźndere,^ sell; $rźctź v.[źndere]$, s.[ell] dear; $male$ /or/ $parvō pretiō v.[źndere]$, s.[ell] at a sacrifice; ^vźnditāre,^ try to sell; ^vźnditor,^ seller; ^vźnditiō,^ sale, auction
^exigere,^ demand
^partem octāvam pretiī concźdere,^ allow a discount of 12 1\/2 per cent
^vźnīre,^ be sold
^licźre,^ be on sale
^vźnālis,^ for sale
^auctiō,^ auction; $auctiōnem prōscrībere$, announce sale; ^prōscrīptiō,^ public notice of sale; ^ātria auctiōnāria,^ sale-rooms
^pecūniam redigere,^ get money by selling
^actum, pactiō, compectum^ (/also/ ^compactum^), ^conventum,^ agreement, contract; ^pacīscī,^ make a bargain; /adv./ ^compectō,^ according to agreement; ^pactor,^ negotiator
^ratum facere^ /or/ ^habźre,^ ratify, approve
^stipulārī,^ stipulate, bargain; /noun/ ^stipulātiō^
^opus locāre,^ give out a contract; $opus condūcere$, take a contract
^manceps, redźmptor,^ contractor
^aestimāre,^ set a price on; $māgnī a.[estimāre]$, value highly; ^aestimātiō,^ valuation; ^aestimātor,^ appraiser
^prō nihilō dūcere^ /Actg/, set no value on
^pretium,^ price; $p.[retium] cōnstituere$ /or/ $cōnficere$, fix p.[rice]; $māgnī (parvī) pretiī esse$, be worth much (little)
^impendium,^ cost, expense
^ratiō,^ reckoning; $ratiōnem reddere$, render account; $ratiōnźs putāre cum$ /Abpn/, settle accounts with; $r.[atiō] acceptōrum et datōrum$, credit and debit account
^frūctus, lucrum,^ gain, profit; /Actg/ $in lucrīs pōnere$, count as gain; /verb/ ^lucrārī, lucrifacere, merźre,^ earn, gain; ^quaestus,^ profit (in trade), gain; /adj./ ^quaestuōsus,^ profitable, eager for gain; ^źmolumentum,^ advantage, gain; ^compendium,^ saving, gain (through saving)
^pecūniam in^ /Gtg/ ^źmptiōne cōnsūmere,^ invest money in the purchase of; ^pecūniam in praediō pōnere,^ invest money in an estate

... buying ...
^emere,^ buy; ^redimere,^ buy back; ^źmptor,^ purchaser; ^źmptiō,^ purchase; ^redźmptiō,^ buying back
^nūndinārī,^ chaffer; buy
^solvere, rem^ /or/ ^pecūniam solvere,^ pay
^cārus,^ dear; /noun/ ^cāritās^
^male emere,^ buy dear; ^impźnsō pretiō emere,^ buy at a high price
^pretiōsus,^ costly
^vīlis,^ cheap; ^vīlī,^ cheaply; /noun/ ^vīlitās^
^bene emere,^ buy cheap
^grātīs, grātuītō,^ for nothing, gratuitously; $grātīs vīvere$, live rent-free
^cōnstāre,^ cost; $nimiō cōnstat$, costs too much
^sūmptus,^ expense, cost; $sūmptum in /Actg/ īnsūmere$, spend money on; /adj./ ^sūmptuōsus,^ expensive, costly
^impendium, impźnsa,^ expense, expenditure; $impźnsam impōnere$ /Dtg/, spend money on; $sine impendiō, nūllā impźnsā$, without cost
^auctiō,^ auction; ^licźrī,^ bid (at an auction); $contrā licźrī$, outbid
^damnum, iactūra,^ loss; $d.[amnum]$ /or/ $iactūram facere$, incur loss; $d.[amnum] źmptōrī praestāre$, guarantee purchaser against loss; $nōn māgnā iactūrā factā$, at no great expense
^dźtrīmentum,^ damage, loss; $d.[źtrīmentum] capere$, incur loss
^frūctūs industriae perdere,^ lose the fruits of industry

*33.6 inheritance*

^testāmentum,^ will; $t.[estāmentum] improbum$, invalid w.[ill]; $t.[estāmentum] facere, scrībere$ /or/ $cōnscrībere$, draw up a w.[ill]; $t.[estāmentum] rumpere$ /or/ $irritum facere$, revoke a w.[ill]; $t.[estāmentum] obsīgnāre$, affix seal to w.[ill]; $testāmenta subicere$, forge w.[ill]; $testāmenta falsa suppōnere$, substitute a forged w.[ill]
^tabulae testātae,^ will
^źlogium,^ codicil
^lźgāre,^ bequeathe
^lźgātum^ (/usu. P/), legacy
^intestātus,^ intestate
^hźrźs,^ heir, heiress; $h.[źrźs] esse$ /Gpn or Dpn/, be heir to; $h.[źrźs] ex asse$, sole h.[eir]; $Mārcum hźrźdem facere, īnstituere, scrībere$, make M.[arcus] one's heir
^hźrźditās,^ inheritance; $hźrźditātem adīre, capere, cōnsequī, relinquere$; /adj./ ^hźrźditārius^
^herctum ciźre,^ divide an inheritance
^patrimōnium,^ estate inherited from father; see 33.1
^exhźrźdāre,^ disinherit; ^exhźrźs,^ disinherited

*33.7 slavery/freedom*

.... slavery ...
^servitium, servitūs,^ slavery; $esse in servitūte$, be a slave; $servitūtem perferre$, endure s.[lavery]; ^servīre,^ be a slave, in service
^servus, serva,^ slave; /diminutive/ ^servulus, servula;^ /adj./ ^servīlis^
^mancipium,^ ownership; slave
^verna,^ home-born slave
^ancilla,^ female slave
^vźnālis,^ slave exposed for sale
/Acpn/ ^in servitūtem asserere,^ claim as one's slave
^sub corōnā^ (/or/ ^hastā^) ^vźndere (venīre),^ sell (be sold) into slavery
^in servitium dūcere, in servitūtem redigere, abdūcere, abstrahere, trādere,^ enslave, reduce to slavery
^fugitīvus,^ deserter, fugitive slave
^ergastulum,^ workhouse for slaves
^pecūlium,^ private property of a slave
^diārium,^ daily ration of slaves

... freedom ...
^līber,^ free; ^homō līber,^ free-man; /noun/ ^lībertās;^ ^līberālis,^ befitting a freeborn man
^ingenuus, ingenua,^ freeborn man, woman
^(servitūte) līberāre, in lībertātem vindicāre,^ set free; ^vindicta,^ liberation, setting free (of a slave)
^mittere (servum), manūmittere,^ set free, enfranchise; /noun/ ^manūmissiō^
/Acpn/ ^in lībertātem asserere,^ declare to be free
^lībertus,^ freedman (in relation to previous master)
^lībertīnus,^ freedman (social status)

QV: household, 25.1

*33.8 bribery*

^mercźs,^ bribe
^largīrī,^ bribe; /noun/ ^largītiō^
^corrumpere,^ bribe; /noun/ ^corruptiō, corruptźla,^ bribery; ^corruptor,^ one who bribes
^oppūgnāre^ /Acpn/ ^pecūniā,^ try to bribe
^redźmptiō,^ bribery
^vźnālis,^ open to bribery
^ambitus,^ illegal canvassing; /Acpn/ $ambitūs$ /or/ $dź ambitū accūsāre$, charge with bribery

+34 OFFER, REQUEST, ORDER, GIVE, ALLOW+

*34.1*

^offerre,^ offer
^porrigere,^ offer, hold out
^accipere, recipere,^ accept
^grātus, acceptus,^ agreeable, acceptable
^recūsāre,^ refuse (an offer); /noun/ ^recūsātiō^

*34.2*

^rogāre, poscere, postulāre,^ ask, request, beg, solicit; $frātrem librum rogō$ /or/ $poscō, librum ā frātre postulō$, ask my brother for a book; $vehementer rogāre$, demand urgently; /nouns/ ^rogātiō, postulātiō, postulātum^
/Actg/ ^ex, ab^ /or/ ^dź^ /Abpn/ ^quaerere,^ ask
^petere, ōrāre,^ beg, request, entreat; $quae petō$, my request; $ōrātū tuō$, at your request
^dźposcere, exigere,^ demand, require
^implōrāre, obsecrāre, exposcere, obtestārī,^ beseech; /nouns/ ^obsecrātiō, obtestātiō^
^exōrāre,^ move by entreaty
^supplicāre,^ pray, supplicate; $submissź s.[upplicāre]$, beg humbly; /noun/ ^supplicātiō,^ public prayer
^ad pedźs^ /Gpn or Dpn/ ^accidere^ /or/ ^sź abicere^ /or/ ^prōicere^ /or/ ^prōsternere,^ cast oneself before the feet of (as a suppliant); ^tendere ad^ /Acpn/ ^manūs supplicźs,^ stretch out hands in supplication
^precźs^ /P/, request; ^precārī,^ entreat, invoke
^īnstāre,^ demand earnestly, press for
^rogitāre,^ demand eagerly
^flāgitāre, afflāgitāre,^ demand violently, solicit, clamour for; /nouns/ ^flāgitātiō, flāgitātor^

... ...
^impetrāre, obtinźre,^ obtain; ^impetrābilis,^ easily obtainable
^adnuere,^ nod assent to, grant
^negāre, dźnegāre, recūsāre, abnuere, renuere,^ refuse (a request); /noun/ ^recūsātiō^
^inexōrābilis,^ inexorable
^retinźre,^ hold back
^gravārī,^ refuse, raise objection

QV: persuade, urge, 41.61

*34.3 order/forbid/obey*

... order ...
^iubźre, imperāre,^ command, order, tell (to do)
^iūssum, imperium,^ command, order; $iūssū$, by order; $iniūssū meō$, without my orders; $imperia administrāre$, issue orders
^źdīcere,^ order, ordain, give orders
/Dpn/ ^praecipere ut^ /subj./, enjoin, bid; ^praeceptum,^ order, instruction; $praecepta dare dź$ /Abtg/, give orders about; $praecepta accipere$, receive o.[rders]; $p.[raecepta] observāre$, follow o.[rders]
^mandāre,^ enjoin, commission, order; /noun/ ^mandātum;^ $mandāta persequī$ /or/ $exhaurīre$, carry out orders
^praescrībere,^ order, prescribe; ^praescrīptum, praescrīptiō,^ rule, ordinance
^cōgere, compellere,^ compel
^continźre,^ restrain

... forbid ...
^vetāre,^ forbid
^interdīcere,^ forbid (formally)
^imperāre^ /or/ ^mandāre nź ...,^ forbid
^prohibźre^ /with inf. or Actg and inf./, forbid

... obey ...
^pārźre, oboedīre, obsequī, obtemperāre,^ comply with, obey, submit to; /nouns/ ^obsequium, obtemperātiō,^ compliance, obedience
^oboediźns,^ obedient, compliant
^dictō audiźns esse^ /D/, obey the orders of
^praecepta observāre,^ comply with precepts

*34.4 give/thanks*

... give ...
^dare, dōnāre,^ give, present, bestow, confer; ^suppeditāre,^ give, furnish, supply in abundance
^tribuere,^ allot, give; ^tribūtum,^ contribution
^dōnum, mūnus,^ gift; ^mūnusculum,^ little present
^praemium,^ reward; $p.[raemium] expōnere$ /or/ $prōpōnere$, promise r.[eward]; $praemiīs afficere$, reward; $p.[raemium] cōnsequī$ /or/ $merźre$, obtain r.[eward]
^mactāre^ (e.g. $honōribus$), reward
^trādere,^ hand over, deliver
^committere,^ entrust
^condōnāre,^ surrender, deliver up
^reddere, restituere,^ give back, restore

... thanks ...
^grātia,^ gratitude; ^grātiae,^ thanks; $grātiārum āctiō$, expression of thanks; $eī grātiam habeō$, am thankful to him; $māximam grātiam habeō$, am most grateful; $parem grātiam referre$, return like for like; $grātiās$ (/also/ $grātźs$) $agere$, thank, express thanks; $grātiam referre$, returns thanks, repay, requite, return kindness
^grātus,^ thankful, grateful; $g.[rātus] ergā$ /or/ $in mź fuit, grātum sź mihi praebuit$, he was grateful to me; $grātō animō$, gratefully
^ingrātus,^ ungrateful
^sź memorem probāre,^ show gratitude

*34.5 please/thank you*

... please ...
^sī vīs,^ /or/ ^sīs, sōdźs, sī libet,^ (if you) please
^amābō tź^ /or/ ^amābō,^ I shall be much obliged, I beg you

... thank you ...
^benīgnź dīcis^ /or/ ^facis,^ thank you
^benīgnź ac līberāliter,^ you are very kind, thank you very much

*34.6 allow*

^concźdere, permittere, sinere, patī,^ allow, grant, suffer; /noun/ ^concessiō, concessus, permissiō^
^venia,^ permission, leave; $veniam petere (dare)$, ask (give) permission
^licentia,^ leave to do as one pleases, licence
^facile^ (/or/ ^aequō animō^) ^patī,^ acquiesce in
^cōnfitźrī,^ grant, concede
^licet,^ it is allowed

+35 AMUSEMENT, SPORT+

*35.1*

^iocus, iocātiō,^ jest, sport; /adjs./ ^iocōsus, ioculāris;^ /verb/ ^iocārī^
^nūgae, ineptiae,^ trifles, nonsense; /verb/ ^nūgārī^
^dźsipere,^ indulge in trifling
^scurra, sanniō,^ buffoon, jester; /adj./ ^scurrīlis^

QV: wit, humour, 41.23

*35.2*

^lūdus,^ game, sport; /verb/ ^lūdere;^ /adj./ ^lūdicer,^ connected with sport, done in sport
^collūdere,^ play with; ^collūsor,^ playmate
^lūdī, lūdicrum,^ public games, shows; $lūdōs celebrāre$, hold games; $lūdōs frequentāre$, often attend g.[ames]
^fźriae,^ festivals, holidays
^mūnus,^ spectacle; $m.[ūnus] dare$ /or/ $źdere$, provide a show
^māgnificus,^ sumptuous, splendid; /noun/ ^māgnificentia^

*35.3*

^circus,^ ring, racecourse; ^(lūdī) circźnsźs,^ races
^spatium,^ racecourse
^carcerźs,^ barrier, starting-point; ^calx, mźta,^ turning-point, goal
^cursus,^ race
^palma,^ wreath, prize; ^palmāris,^ worthy of a prize
^aurīga,^ charioteer
^factiō,^ party of charioteers; /there were four, with distinctive colours/ ^(f.[actiō] albāta, prasina, russāta, veneta)^
^curriculum,^ race-ground, sports ground
^stadium, spatium,^ racecourse, track (for foot-racing); $stadium currere$, run a race
^cursor,^ runner (in a race)

*35.4*

^gladiātor,^ gladiator; /adj./ ^gladiātōrius,^ e.g. $lūdus$; $familia gladiātōria$, band of gladiators
^murmillō,^ gladiator (with sword, shield and helmet)
^bźstiārius,^ beast-fighter
^certāre,^ contend; $pūgnīs c.[ertāre]$, box
^certāmen,^ contest, match
^harźna,^ arena (in amphitheatre)
^pugil,^ boxer; ^pugilātus,^ boxing contest
^caestus,^ boxing-glove
^luctārī,^ wrestle; /nouns/ ^luctātiō, luctātor^
^palaestra,^ wrestling school or place; wrestling
^alīptźs,^ master of wrestling school
^āthlźta,^ athlete
^gymnasium,^ gymnasium

*35.5 theatre*

^lūdicra ars,^ drama
^theātrum,^ theatre; /adj./ ^theātrālis^
^spectāculum,^ seats of spectators, amphitheatre
^pulpitum, scaena,^ stage; /adj./ ^scaenicus;^ $lūdī scaenicī$, theatrical performances; $in scaenam prōdīre$, appear on the stage
^aulaeum,^ stage curtain
^sīparium,^ smaller curtain, drop-scene
^cavea,^ spectator's seats; theatre
^lūdicrum, spectāculum,^ stage-play
^fābula,^ play; $fābula palliāta$, drama of Greek life; $fābula togāta$, drama of Roman life; $fābulam dare$ /or/ $docźre$, produce a play; $fābulam peragere$, act a play
^cōmoedia,^ comedy; /adjs./ ^cōmoedus, cōmicus;^ ^tragoedia,^ tragedy; /adj./ ^tragicus,^ e.g. $āctor, poźta$
^cothurnus,^ buskin (of tragedian); ^soccus,^ low shoe (of comedian)
^mīmus,^ mime
^plaudere,^ applaud; /noun/ ^plausus;^ ^plausibilis,^ meriting applause
^explōdere, exsibilāre,^ hoot or hiss of the stage
^fābula stat,^ is a success; $f.[ābula] cadit$, falls flat, is a failure
^histriō, actor, cantor, artifex scaenicus, scaenicus,^ actor
^in scaenā esse,^ be an actor
^grex, caterva,^ company, troop
^persōna,^ mask; character; $persōnam in scaenā tractāre$, represent a character in a play, play a part
^partźs,^ character; $prīmae p.[artźs]$, /or/ $prīmae$, principal characters; $prīmās agere$, play the chief part; ^secundae, tertiae p.[artźs]^
^cōmoedus,^ comedian; ^tragoedus,^ tragedian
^mīmus, mīma,^ mime (mute actor, actress)
^lūdiō, lūdius,^ pantomimist
^saltāre,^ dance, act in dumb show; /nouns/ ^saltātiō, saltātor, saltātrīx^
^tripudium,^ dance (originally religious); /verb/ ^tripudiāre^
^chorźa, chorus,^ (round) dance
^canticum,^ song with dance

*35.6*

^lūdere pilā,^ play ball
^lūdere trochō,^ trundle a hoop
^turbinem versāre,^ spin a top

+36 TOOLS, MATERIALS, etc.*

^officīna, fabrica,^ workshop, factory
^artifex,^ artisan; ^artificium,^ trade, handicraft
^opifex,^ workman, mechanic
^operārius^ /or/ ^homō o.[perārius],^ workman
^faber,^ smith, carpenter; $f.[aber] ferrārius$, blacksmith; $f.[aber] tīgnārius$, carpenter; /verb/ ^fabricārī^
^vāsculārius,^ worker in metals
^māchinātor,^ engineer, architect

... ...
^īnstrūmentum,^ /usu. collective/, instruments
^ferrāmenta,^ iron tools
^māchina,^ machine
^malleus,^ hammer, mallet
^incūs,^ anvil
^follis,^ pair of bellows
^excūdere,^ forge, hammer into shape
^līma,^ file; /verb/ ^līmāre^
^serra,^ saw
^terebra,^ gimlet
^forceps,^ pair of pincers, tongs
^scālae,^ ladder; ^gradus,^ rung

... ...
^fodere,^ dig, excavate
^īnfodere,^ dig in, bury
^pāla,^ spade; ^ligō,^ hoe; ^dolābra,^ pickaxe
^fossor,^ digger, ditcher

... ...
^māteria, tīgnum,^ building materials; timber
^trabs,^ beam; /adj./ ^trabālis^
^ascia, secūris,^ axe, hatchet
^bipennis,^ double-edged axe
^dolāre,^ hew
^clāvus,^ nail; $trānstra clāvīs ferreīs cōnfīgere$, nail beams
^cuneus,^ wedge
^scalprum,^ chisel; ^scalpere,^ carve

QV: metals, 23

^cōs,^ whetstone

... ...
^suere,^ sew, stitch
^īnsuere,^ sew in
^acus,^ needle; $acū pingere$ /or/ $pingere$, embroider
^fīlum, stāmen,^ thread
^colus,^ distaff
^fūsus,^ spindle
^texere,^ weave; ^textum,^ web, texture
^tźla,^ web; warp (threads running lengthwise in loom); ^trāma,^ woof (crosswise)

+37 ARMY+

*37.1*

^exercitus,^ army; $exercitum īnstruere$, draw up a.[rmy]
^agmen,^ army (marching); $a.[gmen] prīmum$, vanguard; $a.[gmen] extrźmum$ /or/ $novissimum$ (/or/ $novissimī$), rearguard; $a.[gmen] claudere$, bring up the rear; $novissimōs carpere$, harass the rear; $cōnfertō$ /or/ $quadrātō agmine$, in close order, with closed ranks
^aciźs,^ army (in battle array)
^cōpiae,^ forces; $māgnae c.[ōpiae]$, a large force; $cōpiās īnstruere$, draw up f.[orces]
^armātūrae,^ armed troops
^rōbur mīlitum,^ flower of the army, choice troops
^auxilia,^ auxiliary troops, i.e. allies and light-armed troops as opposed to legion; /adj./ ^auxiliāris, -ārius^
^ālārźs, ālāriī,^ auxiliary troops
^accźnsī,^ reserve troops
^legiōnāriī,^ heavy-armed troops
^mīles statārius,^ soldier fighting in the ranks
^ferentāriī, vźlitźs, rōrāriī,^ light-armed troops
^funditor,^ slinger, light-armed soldier
^peditātus, pedestrźs cōpiae,^ infantry; ^pedes,^ foot-soldier; /P/ ^peditźs,^ infantry; ^pedester,^ on foot, infantry (/adj./); ^pedibus merźre,^ serve with the infantry
^equitātus, equestrźs cōpiae,^ cavalry; ^eques,^ horseman; /collectively/, cavalry; ^equester,^ cavalry (/adj./); ^equō merźre,^ serve with the cavalry; ^ex equīs pūgnāre,^ fight on horseback
^beneficiārius,^ privileged soldier
^calō,^ soldier's servant
^ōrdinźs,^ ranks; $ōrdinźs servāre$, stay in the ranks; $cōnfertīs (solūtīs) ordinibus$, with closed (open) ranks
^in orbem cōnsistere, orbem facere,^ to form a circle
^cuneum facere,^ form a wedge
^caterva,^ troop (of barbarians)

*37.2*

^legiō,^ legion (10 cohorts and 300 cavalry); /adj./ ^legiōnārius;^ ^legiōnes complźre^ /or/ ^supplźre,^ bring legions up to full strength
^Hastātī,^ in front; ^Prīncipźs,^ next, ^Triāriī,^ behind
^prīncipia^ /P/, van of army, first line of soldiers
^antesīgnānī,^ chosen soldiers who fought in front and in defence of the standards
^cornū, āla,^ wing of army (/usu./ cavalry); /adjs./ ^ālāris, ālārius^
^cohors,^ cohort (3 maniples), battalion; $cohortźs facere$, levy c.[ohorts]; $dispōnere cohortźs$, arrange c.[ohorts]; $cohortźs explźre$, bring c.[ohorts] up to full strength
^manipulus,^ maniple (2 centuries or companies); /adj./ ^manipulāris^
^centuria,^ century, company (of 100, later 60, men); /verb/ ^centuriāre,^ divide into c.[enturies]; /adv./ ^centuriātim,^ by c.'s
^turma,^ troop or squadron of cavalry; ^turmālźs,^ horsemen in a t.[roop]; /adv./ ^turmātim^

... ...
^imperium,^ command; $summa imperiī$, chief or supreme command; $s.i.$ /Dpn/ $dźferre$, appoint to chief comand; $imperium$ /Dpn/ $prōrogāre$, extend period of command; /noun/ ^prōrogātiō^
^exercitum dūcere,^ command army
^praeesse^ /D/, be in command of
^praeficere^ /D/, put in command of
^recźnsźre, recōgnōscere,^ review (an army or navy); /noun/ ^recōgnitiō^
^imperātor,^ commander-in-chief; /adj./ ^imperātōrius^
^dux,^ general
^lźgātī^ (/P/), general's staff, officers
^comitātus,^ retinue, suite
^lźgātus^ (/or later/, ^praefectus^) ^legiōnis,^ colonel, general of division
^praefectus equitum,^ commander or colonel of cavalry
^tribūnus mīlitāris^ /or/ ^mīlitum,^ military tribune (six to each legion, each in command for two months)
^centuriō,^ captain
^prīmīpīlus,^ senior captain (of Triāriī); $prīmum pīlum dūcere$, be s.[enior] c.[aptain]

*37.3*

^mīles,^ soldier; $m.[īles] gregārius, manipulāris$, private s.[oldier]; $m.[īles] legiōnārius$, soldier of the line; /adj./ ^mīlitāris;^ /verb/ ^mīlitāre,^ serve as a soldier
^vetus mīles, veterānus (mīles),^ tried soldier, veteran
^seniōrźs,^ Roman citizens between forty-five and sixty, summoned to military service only in an extreme emergency
^stipendium,^ pay; $s.[tipendium] merźre$ /or/ $merźrī$, go on a campaign; $quīna stipendia merźre$, serve five years; $stipendia źmerźre$, complete term of service; /adj./ ^stipendiārius,^ serving for pay
^mercźnnāriī mīlitźs,^ mercenaries
^voluntāriī (mīlitźs),^ volunteers
^źvocātī,^ volunteers (who have completed military service)
^mīlitiae^ (/adv./), in military service, on a campaign, in the field; $domī mīlitiaeque$, at home and abroad
^commeātus, vacātiō,^ furlough; $dare commeātum$ /Dpn/; $esse in commeātū; vacātiōnźs omnźs tollere$, stop all leave
^exercitum comparāre, scrībere, cōnscrībere,^ raise an army
^ad arma conclāmāre,^ call to arms
^dźlźctus,^ levy; $dźlźctum habźre$, hold a levy, recruit
^conquīsītor,^ recruiting officer
^tīrō,^ recruit; ^cōnscrīptī,^ recruits
^sacrāmentum,^ oath of allegiance, taken on enlisting
^arma ferre posse,^ be fit for military service
^mīlitiam perennem facere,^ serve for a year
^immūnis mīlitiā,^ exempt from military service; ^mīlitiae vacātiō,^ exemption from m.[ilitary] s.[ervice]; ^mīlitiam dźtrectāre,^ avoid m.[ilitary] s.[ervice]
^sźditiō,^ mutiny; $sźditiōnem concitāre, movźre, facere, cōnflāre$, stir up m.[utiny]; ^sźdāre,^ bring to an end (by gentle means); ^comprimere,^ suppress; /adj./ ^sźditiōsus^
^mittere, dīmittere^ (e.g. $legiōnźs$), disband; ^źmeritus,^ (honourably) discharged
^novae cōpiae, supplźmentum,^ reinforcements
^subsidium^ /or/ ^-ia^ (/P/), reserves; $s.[ubsidia] submittere$, send up r.[eserves]

*37.4*

^tźlum,^ weapon (missile); $vīs tźlōrum, crźbra tźla$, shower of missiles; $intrā (extrā) iactum$ /or/ $coniectum tźlī$, within (out of) range; $tźla iacere, conicere, adigere, immittere, mittere$, hurl, discharge; $tźla rźicere$, return
^missile,^ missile
^arma,^ arms; $a.[rma] tractāre$, wield a.[rms]; $in armīs$, under a.[rms]; $vī et armīs$, by force of a.[rms]; $a.[rma] expedīre$, hold a.[rms] in readiness; $a.[rma] sūmere$ /or/ $capere$, take up a.[rms]; $a.[rma] īnferre$, invade; $ab armīs discźdere, arma pōnere$, lay down a.[rms]; $a.[rma] abicere$, throw away a.[rms]; /verb/ ^armāre^
^armātus,^ armed; ^armātūra,^ equipment; ^inermis,^ unarmed; ^expedītus,^ lightly armed (soldier), ready for battle; ^impedītus,^ in heavy marching order
^sarcina,^ bundle; (/P/), baggage; $sarcinās colligere$ /or/ $cōnferre$, collect b.[aggage]; ^impedīmenta^ (/P/), baggage of an army, baggage train
^vāsa,^ military equipment, baggage

... ...
^commeātus^ (/S or P/), provisions, supplies; $māgna vīs commeātūs$, abundant supplies; $hostźs commeātū interclūdere$ /or/ $prohibźre$, cut off the enemy's supplies
^cibāria^ (/P/), rations, fodder
^frūmentum,^ grain; ^frūmentārī,^ get food (for soldiers); ^rem frūmentāriam expedīre^ /or/ ^comparāre^ /or/ ^prōvidźre^ /or/ ^dź rź frūmentāriā prōvidźre,^ provision
^suppetere,^ be available, in abundance, hold out (of supplies)
^iūmentum,^ pack animal
^pābulum,^ fodder; /verb/ ^pābulārī,^ forage; /nouns/ ^pābulātiō, pābulātor^
^cassis,^ helmet (/usu./ metal)
^galea,^ helmet (/usu./ leather)
^lōrīca,^ (leather) cuirass
^clipeus,^ (round) shield
^parma,^ (small round) shield
^scūtum,^ (oblong) shield
^caetra,^ small leather shield; /adj./ ^caetrātus^
^pelta,^ (light) shield; ^peltastae,^ troops armed with pelta
^umbō,^ boss of shield; shield
^palūdātus,^ dressed in ^palūdāmentum,^ military cloak
^sagum,^ military cloak; $saga sūmere$ /or/ $ad saga īre$, take up arms; $in sagīs esse$, be under arms; ^sagulum,^ small military cloak
^balteus,^ girdle, belt

... ...
^źnsis, gladius,^ sword; $gladium stringere, dīstringere, źdūcere$, draw s.[word]; $in gladium incumbere$, fall on s.[word]
^vāgīna,^ sheath, scabbard; $gladium in vāgīnam recondere$, sheathe one's sword
^mūcrō, aciźs,^ point, edge
^pugiō, sīca,^ dagger
^hasta,^ spear; ^hastīle,^ shaft of spear
^lancea,^ lance, spear
^pīlum, verūtum,^ javelin
^iaculum,^ dart, javelin
^gaesum,^ heavy javelin of Gauls
^iaculātor,^ dart-thrower
^contorquźre,^ hurl
^spīculum,^ iron tip (of spear or arrow)
^arcus,^ bow; $arcum intendere$, draw b.[ow]; ^sagitta,^ arrow
^sagittārius,^ archer
^pharetra,^ /poet./, quiver
^funda,^ sling; ^glāns,^ sling-stone
^funditor,^ slinger
^sīgnum, vexillum,^ standard; ^aquila,^ standard (of legion)
^sīgnifer, vexillārius, aquilifer,^ standard-bearer

QV: trumpet, 13.2

*37.5 on the march*

QV: agmen, 37.1

^sīgna ferre^ /or/ ^movźre^ /or/ ^vellere^ /or/ ^convellere,^ break up camp, begin a march; ^sīgna sequī,^ march in military order
^iter facere,^ march; $iter intermittere$, stop marching; $extentīs itineribus$, by forced marches; $māgnīs itineribus contendere$, hasten with forced marches; ^ex^ (/or/ ^in^) ^itinere,^ on the march; ^itinere continuātō,^ marching continuously
^prōgredī, sīgna movźre^ /or/ ^ferre^ /or/ ^prōferre,^ advance; ^contendere, festīnāre, mātūrāre,^ push on, hurry, hasten
^sīgna convertere,^ face about, march in another direction, change one's route
^cōnsistere, sīgna cōnstituere,^ halt
^īnsidiae,^ ambush; $locus ad īnsidiās aptus$, a suitable ambush; ^īnsidiārī^ /D/, lie in ambush for; $mīlitźs in īnsidiīs collocāre$, station soldiers in ambush
^opprimere,^ surprise, catch
^interclūdere,^ cut off

... ...
^explōrātor,^ spy, scout
^speculātor,^ scout, reconnoiterer
^źmissārius,^ emissary, scout, spy
^explōrāre,^ reconnoitre

*37.61 war/peace*

... war ...
^bellum,^ war
^expedītiō,^ campaign; ^stipendia merźre^ /or/ ^merźrī,^ go on a campaign
^bellicōsus, pūgnāx, ferōx,^ warlike; ^imbellis,^ unwarlike
^rebelliō,^ revolt, rebellion; /adj. plp/ ^rebellis;^ /verb/ ^rebellāre,^ renew war
^dźfectiō,^ revolt; /verb/ ^dźficere^
^hostis,^ enemy; (/P/), enemy (collectively)
^hostīlis, īnfźstus, inimīcus,^ hostile
^hosticus,^ belonging to enemy

... peace ...
^pāx,^ peace
^pācāre,^ make peaceful; ^pācātus,^ in a state of peace
^indūtiae,^ truce, armistice; $indūtiās facere$, arrange t.[ruce]; $i.[ndūtiās] pepigisse$, have arranged t.[ruce]; $i.[ndūtiās] tollere$, terminate t.[ruce]; $i.[ndūtiās] violāre$, break t.[ruce]
^condiciōnźs,^ terms; $c.[ondiciōnźs] ferre$, offer terms of surrender; $c.[ondiciōnźs] aequae$, fair, favourable t.[erms]; $c.[ondiciōnźs] inīquae$, harsh t.[erms]
^obses,^ hostage; $obsidźs dare$, give h.[ostages]; $o.[bsidźs] inter sź dare$, exchange h.[ostages]; $o.[bsidźs] accipere$, accept h.[ostages]; $o.[bsidźs] hostibus impōnere$, exact h.[ostages]
^socius,^ ally; ^societās,^ league, alliance; $societātem cum$ /Abpn/ $coīre, cōnflāre, inīre$ /or/ $statuere$
^foedus,^ treaty; $ex foedere$, according to a t.[reaty]; $f.[oedus] facere, ferīre, īcere, pangere$, ratify a treaty; $f.[oedus] frangere, rumpere, violāre$, break a t.[reaty]

*37.62 raid*

^mīlitźs (legiōnźs, cohortźs, exercitum) źdūcere,^ lead forth, march out, take the field
^sīgna prōferre, sīgna īnferre^ (^in^ /Ac/), march to the attack; ^aggredī, adorīrī, invādere,^ attack
^arma ultrō īnferre,^ be the aggressor
^incurrere, incursiōnem, incursum, excursiōnem facere,^ make a raid (on); $via excursiōnibus īnfźsta$, road unsafe owing to raids
^hostźs dźprehendere,^ fall upon, surprise enemy
^dźfendere,^ defend; $ab hostibus mź d.[źfendere]$
^repūgnāre, resistere^ /D/, resist
^sustinźre,^ check
^repellere, prōpulsāre,^ drive back

... ...
^vāstāre,^ lay waste; $agrōs v.[āstāre]$, lay waste the country; ^vāstitās,^ devastation; ^vāstātiō,^ laying waste
^populāre^ /or/ ^-ārī,^ lay waste, plunder; /nouns/ ^populātiō, populātor^
^ferrō īgnīque,^ with fire and sword
^ferre atque agere praedam,^ plunder (agere /of cattle/)

*37.63 battle*

^proelium,^ battle; ^proeliārī,^ join battle
^pūgna,^ fight, battle; /verb/ ^pūgnāre^
^manum^ (/or/ ^manūs^) ^cōnserere, manūs^ /or/ ^arma cōnferre,^ /or/ ^pedem cōnferre,^ engage in close combat, join battle
^cōnflīgere armīs, armīs congredī,^ fight; /noun/ ^congressus^
^proelium^ /or/ ^bellō^ /or/ ^ferrō^ /or/ ^armīs dźcernere,^ fight a battle
^certāre, dīmicāre,^ struggle; /nouns/ ^certāmen, dīmicātiō^
^comminus,^ in close (single) combat, hand to hand
^źminus,^ at at distance suitable for missiles
^ad hostem īre, sīgna ferre in hostem, prōpūgnāre,^ advance to attack
^impetus,^ onset, attack; $impetum facere$, charge
^imprōvīsus,^ unexpected; /adv./ ^imprōvīsō, dź^ /or/ ^ex imprōvīsō^
^impūgnāre,^ attack, e.g. $Galliam$; /noun/ ^impūgnātiō^
^oppūgnāre,^ assault
^rźicere,^ force back, repulse
^locus,^ position; $locum capere$, seize p.[osition]; $in locō perstāre$, hold one's ground; $locō cźdere$ /or/ $excźdere$, give g.[round]
^hostźs gradū dźmovźre,^ make enemy yield ground
^praeoccupāre^ (e.g. $collźs$), occupy first

*37.64 confusion and retreat*

^tumultus,^ confusion, disturbance; ^tumultuōsus, tumultuārius,^ disorderly
^perturbāre,^ throw into confusion; ^perturbārī,^ fall into c.[onfusion]; /noun/ ^perturbātiō^
^trepidāre,^ get confused
^cūnctārī,^ hesitate
^labōrāre,^ be hard pressed
^receptus,^ retreat; $sīgnum receptuī$, signal for retreat; $receptuī canere$, sound a retreat
^sź recipere, sź^ /or/ ^pedem^ /or/ ^gradum referre,^ /or/ ^referrī,^ retreat, retire
^dźcertāre, dźpūgnāre,^ fight to a finish
^anceps,^ uncertain, indecisive; $a.[nceps] stetit pūgna$, the issue was uncertain
^aequō Mārte^ /or/ ^aequīs condiciōnibus pūgnāre,^ /or/ ^aequō proeliō discźdere,^ fight indecisively, a drawn battle

*37.65 pursuit, flight, desertion*

^īnsistere, sequī, īnsequī, cōnsectārī, persequī, prōsequī, īnstāre^ /Dpn/, press upon, pursue
^fugāre, pellere, in fugam dare^ /or/ ^conicere^ /or/ ^impellere^ /or/ ^vertere^ /or/ ^convertere,^ put to flight, rout
^fuga,^ flight; $sź fugae dare$ /or/ $mandāre, sź in fugam dare$ /or/ $cōnferre, fugam capere$ /or/ $petere, terga vertere$ /or/ $convertere$ /or/ $dare, sź in fugam concitāre$, take to flight; $fugam sistere$, stay, arrest flight
^fugere, effugere, prōfugere,^ flee
^refugere,^ flee back, escape
^źvādere,^ escape
^trānsīre, dźscīscere ab^ /Abpn/ ^ad^ /Acpn/, ^perfugere,^ /rarely/ ^trānsfugere, ab sīgnīs discźdere, sīgna relinquere^ /or/ ^dźserere,^ desert
^perfuga, trānsfuga, dźsertor,^ deserter

*37.66 disaster, slaughter*

^clādźs,^ defeat, disaster
^caedźs, strāgźs,^ carnage, slaughter
^interneciō,^ massacre, carnage
^concīdere,^ cut to pieces
^trucīdāre, contrucīdāre,^ butcher; /noun/ ^trucīdātiō^
^dźlźre,^ wipe out
^salvus, incolumis, intāctus,^ safe, unharmed, uninjured
^exsanguis,^ exhausted, worn out
^vulnerāre,^ wound; ^vulnera excipere,^ get wounded
^saucius,^ wounded; /verb/ ^sauciāre,^ wound, disable
^vulneribus cōnfectus,^ exhausted by wounds
^iacent mīlitum animī,^ the soldiers' spirits are broken
^(exercitus) attrītus,^ exhausted

*37.67 victory/surrender*

... victory ...
^victōria,^ victory; $v.[ictōria] certa$ /or/ $haud dubia$, complete v.[ictory]; ^vincere, victōriam adipīscī, expedīre, parere, reportāre, victōriā potīrī, rem obtinźre,^ gain a victory; $victōriam temperāre$, use v.[ictory] with moderation
^dźvincere,^ conquer completely
^victor, victrīx,^ conqueror; $victor$ (/oftener/ $superior$) $discźdere$, come off victorious
^vincere, domāre,^ subdue, conquer; ^domitor,^ conqueror
^indomitus, inexpūgnābilis, invictus,^ unconquerable
^proeliō superior esse,^ be victorious (in battle)
^dźtrīmentum afferre^ /or/ ^īnferre,^ inflict defeat; $d.[źtrīmentum] accipere$ /or/ $capere$, be defeated
^superāre,^ overcome
^prōflīgāre,^ overwhelm, crush
^subigere, in potestātem redigere,^ subdue
^hostem armīs exuere,^ disarm enemy

... surrender ...
^dźditiō, trāditiō,^ surrender, capitulation; $in dźditiōnem accipere$, receive the surrender of
^trādere^ (e.g. $urbem$), surrender; ^manūs dare^ /or/ ^dźdere, sź dźdere, arma trādere, in dźditiōnem venīre, in fidem atque potestātem sź permittere,^ surrender (/intrans./)
^victōrīs īram dźprecārī,^ ask for quarter; ^salūtem petere,^ beg for mercy
^mortem dźprecārī,^ beg for life; /Acpn/ ^(incolumem) cōnservāre,^ grant a man his life
^captus,^ captive, prisoner
^potestātī alterius sź submittere,^ become subject to; ^subiectus,^ subject
^in officiō continźre^ /Ac/, keep in submission; ^in officiō permanźre,^ remain in submission
^capere, captīvum facere,^ take prisoner
^sub iugum mittere,^ send under the yoke
^sub corōnā^ (/or/ ^hastā^) ^vźndere,^ sell into slavery

*37.7 camp*

^oppidum, arx, castellum, castrum,^ fort, stronghold; $castrum nātūrā locī mūnītum$, fort with strong natural position; /adjs./ ^castrźnsis, castellānus^
^castra^ (/P/), camp; $c.[astra] capere, locum ad c.[astra]$ (/or/ $castrīs$) $idōneum dźligere$, choose a site for a camp; $c.[astra] facere, pōnere$ /or/ $mūnīre$, pitch c.[amp], encamp; $c.[astra] movźre$, break up or shift c.[amp]; $mīlitźs castrīs tenźre$, keep the soldiers in camp
^statīva^ /or/ ^castra statīva,^ stationary camp
^cōnsīdere,^ encamp, take up a position
^sīgna convellere,^ strike camp
^hīberna^ /or/ ^castra hīberna,^ winter quarters; ^hībernācula,^ winter tents
^aestīva,^ summer camp
^praesidium,^ garrison
^tabernāculum,^ tent
^sub pellibus,^ under tents, in camp
^praetōrium,^ general's tent
^prīncipia^ /P/, open space in camp, general's quarters
^praefectus castrōrum^ (/or/ ^castrīs^), quartermaster
^vigilia,^ watch, guard, sentinel; $vigiliās dispōnere$, post sentinels; /verb/ ^vigilāre;^ ^vigilantia,^ watchfulness
^esse in speculīs,^ be on the look-out
^cūstōdia^ (/usu. in P/), ^excubiae,^ guard, sentry; ^excubāre,^ keep watch
^mūnitiō,^ fortification; $mūnitiōnźs facere$, erect; $locum mūnitiōnibus fīrmāre$, fortify; $m. prōruere$, demolish
^mūnīmentum^ (/usu. P/), fortifications, entrenchments, (fortified) lines
^opera facere,^ raise siegeworks
^mūnīre, commūnīre, źmūnīre,^ fortify, entrench; ^permūnīre,^ fortify completely
^exstruere,^ heap up, construct; /noun/ ^extrūctiō^
^moenia^ (/P/), ramparts; $moenia$ /or/ $mūrum complźre$, man the walls; $cūstōdiās in mūrō dispōnere$, station sentinels on the wall
C: the next line read "mūrōs..." in the original entry from Ripman's. I believe that it's an obvious error.
^mūrōs (cunīculō) subruere^ /or/ ^suffodere^ /or/ ^cunīculum facere,^ undermine walls
^vāllum,^ rampart, palisade; $castra vāllō cīncta$, camp surrounded by a rampart; $vāllum dūcere$ /or/ $exstruere$, raise a r.[ampart]; $v.[āllum] scindere$, demolish a r.[ampart]; ^vāllāre,^ entrench
^vallus,^ stake; palisade
^cippī,^ palisade
^agger,^ mound, earthwork; $aggerem iacere, exstruere, īnstruere$
^fossa,^ trench; $fossam dūcere$, make a trench

... ...
^dispōnere,^ arrange, station
^statiō,^ outpost, post, picket; $in statiōne$, on guard; $statiōnem agere$, keep guard; $cōpiās in statiōnźs collocāre$ /or/ $pōnere$, assign troops to their posts; $statiōnźs pōnere$ /or/ $dispōnere$, set pickets; $in statiōnem succźdere$, relieve
^incautus, imprōvidus, imprūdźns,^ heedless, not foreseeing, off one's guard

*37.8 siege*

^obsidźre, circumsedźre,^ besiege, blockade, invest
^obsidiō, obsessiō, circumsessiō,^ siege, blockade; $abscźdere$ /or/ $absistere,$ /or/ $obsidiōnem relinquere$, raise a siege; $obsidiōne līberāre$, raise a siege (of the relieving army); ^corōna obsidiālis,^ awarded for relieving town from siege
^māchina,^ military engine
^turris,^ tower; $turrem excitāre$, erect t.[ower]; ^tormentum, ballista, catapulta,^ siege catapult, engine for hurling missiles; ^falārica,^ missile thrown by catapult; ^ariźs,^ battering ram
^testūdō,^ roof of shields; ^vīnea, mūsculus,^ mantlet; $vīneās agere$, advance m.[antlet]; ^pluteus,^ shed to protect besiegers; ^scālās pōnere^ /or/ ^admovźre,^ apply scaling-ladders; ^scālīs moenia temptāre,^ attack walls with scaling-ladders
^falcźs mūrālźs,^ hooks for pulling down walls
^famźs,^ starvation; $famź domāre$, reduce by starvation; $fame cōnsūmī$ /or/ $źnecārī$, die of starvation
^sitis,^ thirst
^pestis, pestilentia,^ plague
^źruptiō, excursiō, excursus,^ sally, sortie; $źruptiōnem facere, excurrere, ź castrīs źrumpere$, sally forth from camp, make a sortie

... ...
^oppūgnāre,^ assault; /noun/ ^oppūgnātiō;^ $oppūgnātiōnem dīmittere$, abandon a.[ssault]
^expūgnāre, vī capere,^ take by storm; /noun/ ^expūgnātiō;^ /adj./ ^expūgnābilis^
^oppidum źvertere, funditus dźlźre,^ raze a town to the ground; $o.[ppidum] dīripere$, sack t.[own]
^portās obstruere, refringere,^ barricade, break open the gates

*37.9 spoils, etc.*

^spoliāre,^ pillage, sack; ^spolia,^ spoils; $opīma spolia$, spoils of honour (taken on field of battle by victorious from vanquished general); ^spoliātiō,^ robbing, plundering
^dīripere,^ pillage, sack
^compīlāre, expīlāre,^ plunder, pillage
^praeda,^ /poet./ ^exuviae,^ spoil, booty; ^praedārī,^ make booty
^praemium,^ booty, reward
^manubiae,^ money obtained from sale of booty
^mercźs,^ recompense
^decus,^ glory; ^decorāre,^ honour
^triumphus,^ triumph; /adj./ ^triumphālis;^ /verb/ ^triumphāre;^ $triumphum dźportāre$; $triumphum Trāiānō dźcernere$, decree a t.[riumph] to T.[raian]
^ovāre,^ celebrate an ^ovātiō^ (lesser triumph)
^tropaeum,^ monument of victory

+38 CHARACTER+

*38.1*

^nātūra,^ natural disposition, character; $nātūrae bonitās$, good natural gifts
^animus,^ character
^indolźs,^ disposition, temperament (/usu./ moral); $bonā indole praeditus$, highly gifted
^affectiō,^ disposition
^praeditus^ /Abtg/, endowed or gifted with, possessed of
^ā nātūrā subōrnātus,^ endowed by nature

... ...
^mōrźs^ /P/, character (mode of life); ^homō bene (male) mōrātus,^ of good (bad) character; ^mōrālis,^ moral
^ingenium,^ character (/usu/ intellectual); $i.[ngenium] tortuōsum$, not frank
^proprius,^ personal, characteristic; ^proprium, proprietās,^ characteristic
^singulāria,^ idiosyncrasies

... ...
^animī māgnitūdō,^ greatness of soul
^rźctus,^ honourable, upright; ^rźctum,^ uprightness, rectitude
^vir sānctus,^ blameless, pious man; ^sānctitās,^ piety, honour
^decet,^ it is becoming, proper; ^decźns,^ seemly; /noun/ ^decentia^
C: the following entry includes a double "virtūte praeditus". The second one has been omitted here.
^virtūs,^ manliness, virtue; $virtūte praeditus$, virtuous; $virtūtem colere, sequī$, practise goodness; $vir expertāe virtūtis$, of tried worth
^modestus,^ virtuous, moral

... ...
^exīstimātiō,^ good name, reputation, credit
^fāma,^ (good, /rarely/ bad) reputation; /adj./ ^fāmōsus^
^glōria,^ fame, renown; /adj./ ^glōriōsus^
^splendor,^ honour, dignity; ^splendidus,^ noble, illustrious
^inclutus,^ famous, renowned
^bene audīre,^ be well spoken of

... ...
^animī prāvitās,^ depravity, vice
^vitium,^ defect, fault, blemish; $vitia pōnere$, give up faults; $vitia extirpāre$, root out, eradicate faults
^dźdecet,^ it is not seemly or proper; $dźdecus$, disgrace
^prāvus, corruptus,^ depraved, vicious; /noun/ ^corruptiō^
^vitiōsus,^ wicked, vicious

QV: 47.2

... ...
^īnfāmia, īgnōminia, opprobrium,^ disgrace, dishonour; $īnfāmiā flagrāre$, be sunk in dishonour; ^īnfāmis,^ disreputable; ^īnfāmāre,^ dishonour
^flāgitium, dźdecus,^ disgrace, dishonour, shame
^probrum,^ disgrace; disgraceful act
^foedus,^ dishonourable; ^foedāre,^ disgrace, dishonour
^male audīre,^ stand in bad repute

*38.2*

^bonus,^ good; /comp./ ^melior,^ /superl./ ^optimus^
^līberālis, ingenuus, generōsus,^ honourable, gentlemanly, noble-minded; /nouns/ ^līberālitās;^ ^ingenuitās^
^urbānus,^ polite, refined; ^urbānitās,^ courtesy, refinement
^źlegāns,^ choice, tasteful; ^źlegantia,^ good taste, refinement
^gravis,^ venerable, eminent; ^gravitās,^ dignity, seriousness
^māiestās,^ dignity, grandeur
^māgnanimus,^ high-souled; /nouns/ ^māgnanimitās, māgnitūdō animī^
^māgnificus,^ noble, distinguished; /noun/ ^māgnificentia^
^źgregius,^ distinguished, eminent, honourable
^eximius,^ distinguished, exceptional
^illūstris,^ distinguished, brilliant
^nōbilis,^ distinguished, superior; /noun/ ^nōbilitās^
^celsus,^ noble
^źminźre, excellere, flōrźre, praecellere,^ be conspicuous, eminent; $vir animō et virtūte praecellźns$, a man of excellent character
^hźrōs,^ illustrious man
^probus,^ honest, upright; /noun/ ^probitās^
^spectātus,^ respected, worthy
^honestus,^ honourable, virtuous, respected; /noun/ ^honestās^
^apertus, simplex,^ frank, honest; /noun/ ^simplicitās^
^praestāns, sublīmis,^ superior, preeminent, distinguished
^summī virī, virī praestantissimī^ /or/ ^singulārźs,^ great men

... ...
^malus,^ bad; /comp./ ^pźior,^ /superl./ ^pessimus;^ /also/ ^dźterior, dźterrimus^
^illīberālis,^ ignoble, ungenerous, mean; /noun/ ^illīberālitās^
^humilī abiectōque animō,^ mean-spirited
^sordidus,^ low-born, mean, vile
^dźgener,^ degenerate, base; /verb/ ^dźgenerāre^
^animus pusillus^ /or/ ^angustus^ /or/ ^minūtus,^ petty spirit
^ūnus ź^ (/or/ ^dź^) ^multīs,^ an ordinary man
^mediocris,^ ordinary, undistinguished
^ignōbilis,^ ignoble
^improbus,^ unprincipled
^inhonestus,^ dishonourable
^vulgus,^ the common herd
^sordźs, faex,^ the dregs, rabble
^homō nihilī, homō luteus,^ a worthless man

*38.3 strong/weak*

... strong, firm ...
^modestia, (animī) moderātiō,^ self-control; /adj./ ^modestus^
^temperātus,^ moderate, restrained; ^temperantia,^ moderation, self-restraint
^continentia,^ moderation
^rōbur animī,^ strength of mind; /adj./ ^rōbustus,^ e.g. $animus$; /verb/ ^corrōborāre,^ strengthen, steel
^constāns, stabilis, fīrmus,^ firm, steadfast; /nouns/ ^cōnstantia, stabilitās, fīrmitās,^ resolution, determination, stability, endurance
^obstinātus, pervicāx,^ determined, steadfast (/also/ obstinate); /nouns/ ^obstinātiō, pervicācia;^ ^obstināre,^ be firmly resolved; $obstinātō animō$, with mind made up; $obstinātiō sententiae$, adherence to one's principles
^affīrmātus,^ obstinate
^tenāx,^ steadfast, persistent
^pertināx,^ firm, unyielding (/also/ obstinate); /noun/ ^pertinācia^

... weak, fickle ...
^impotźns, immoderātus, incontinźns, intemperāns,^ unrestrained, having no self-control
^intemperantia, intemperiźs,^ lack of restraint, intemperate conduct
^petulāns,^ capricious; /noun/ ^petulantia^
^dźbilis,^ weak (of mind); /noun/ ^dźbilitās^
^źnervātus,^ unnerved, weakly
^veternus,^ sloth, enervation
^mōbilis, levis, incōnstāns, subitus, varius, ventōsus,^ fickle, inconstant, unreliable; /nouns/ ^mōbilitās, levitās animī, incōnstantia,^ fickleness, want of principle
^īnfīrmus,^ weak (in character); $īnfīrmo animō esse$, be inconstant

QV: weakness, 38.5

*38.4 faithful/faithless*

... faithful ...
^fidźs,^ faith, trust, loyalty; $fidem praestāre$, keep one's word; $fidem fallere$, break faith; $fidem tibi habeō$, put faith in you, place reliance on you; /adjs./ ^fidźlis, fīdus,^ faithful, trustworthy; /noun/ ^fidźlitās^
^fīdere^ /Dpn/, trust
^spectāre in^ /Acpn/, rely on; ^spectātus,^ tried, tested
^frźtus^ /Ab/, relying on
^pius,^ loyal, devoted, dutiful; /noun/ ^pietās^

... faithless ...
^īnfidźlis, īnfīdus, perfidus, perfidiōsus,^ faithless, treacherous, disloyal; /nouns/ ^īnfidźlitās, perfidia^
^diffīdere^ /Dpn/, distrust; /noun/ ^diffīdentia^
/Acpn/ ^ā fidź abdūcere,^ render disloyal

*38.5 strength/weakness*

... strength, courage ...
^ferōx,^ bold, martial, high-spirited; ^ferōciter,^ with spirit; ^ferōcia, ferōcitās,^ spirit, vigour, bravery
^audźre,^ dare; ^audāx,^ bold, resolute; /also/ rash; /noun/ ^audācia^
^animus,^ high courage, spirit; $animōs tollere$ /Dpn/, raise the spirits of; ^animōsus,^ spirited
^spīritus,^ courage; $spīritūs remittere$, lose c.[ourage]
^animus praesźns,^ resolute spirit
^fīdūciae plźnus,^ courageous
^virtūtem praestāre,^ show courage
^sź cōnfīrmāre,^ take courage
^fīdźns,^ confident, bold
^fortis,^ strong, brave, sturdy; ^fortitūdō,^ courage, bravery
^virtūs,^ courage (/also/ virtue); $virtūtem praestāre$, show c.[ourage]
^intrepidus,^ /plp/, undaunted

... weakness, cowardice ...
^timidus,^ timid, cowardly; /noun/ ^timiditās^
^īgnāvus,^ cowardly; ^īgnāvia,^ cowardice
^imbźcillus,^ weak, feeble, /noun/ ^imbźcillitās^
^fragilis,^ frail; /noun/ ^fragilitās^
^mollis,^ unmanly, weak; ^mollitia, mollitiźs,^ weakness, irresolution; $mollitiā fluere$, be relaxed, slack
^effźminātus,^ womanish, effeminate
^animō dźficere^ /or/ ^succumbere,^ be disheartened, lose heart

*38.6 modesty/pride*

... modesty ...
^pudor,^ modesty
^pudīcus,^ modest, chaste; /noun/ ^pudīcitia^
^modestus, submissus,^ modest, unassuming; /noun/ ^modestia^
^verźcundus,^ modest, bashful; ^verźcundia,^ shyness, reverence

... pride, insolence, boastfulness ...
^suī fīdūcia,^ self-confidence
^superbus, arrogāns, īnsolźns, fastīdiōsus, celsus,^ proud, haughty, disdainful; /nouns/ ^superbia, arrogantia, īnsolentia, fastīdium, fastus^
^supercilium,^ arrogance
^audācia,^ impudence, insolence, audacity
^petulāns,^ impudent; /noun/ ^petulantia^
^īnsolenter sź efferre,^ swell with insolence
^procāx,^ insolent, impertinent; /noun/ ^procācitās^
^protervus,^ impudent, impertinent; /noun/ ^protervitās^
^contumāx,^ obstinate, insolent; /noun/ ^contumācia^
^vānus, māgnificus,^ boastful; /noun/ ^vānitās, māgnificentia^
^glōria, glōriātiō,^ boasting; ^glōriārī,^ boast, be proud of
^glōriōsus,^ vainglorious
^sź iactāre dź^ /Ab/, ^ostentāre^ /Ac/, ^źbullīre^ /Ac/, boast of; /nouns/ ^iactātiō, ostentātiō^
^salacō,^ braggart

*38.7 prudence/rashness*

... prudence, caution, forethought ...
^cōnsilium,^ prudence; $cōnsiliō$ /Gpn/ $nītī$, rely on one's p.[rudence]
^prūdźns,^ discreet, prudent; ^prūdentia,^ prudence
^sźnsus commūnis,^ discretion, tact
^sānus,^ sane, rational, discreet; ^sānitās,^ sanity, good sense; $ad sānitātem redūcere$ /Acpn/, bring to reason; $ad sānitātem revertī$ /or/ $redīre$ /or/ $sź convertere$, return to one's senses
^attentus, cūriōsus, dīligźns,^ careful, attentive, cautious; /noun/ ^dīligentia^
^cautus, prōvidźns, prōvidus,^ cautious; /nouns/ ^cautiō, prōvidentia, prōvīsiō^
^providźre^ /Actg/ ^animō,^ foresee
^cōnsīderātus,^ circumspect, cautious
^sōbrius,^ moderate, sensible
^cōnsultum,^ (something) well considered

... rashness, indignation ...
^vehemźns, violentus,^ impetuous, ardent; /noun/ ^violentia^
^praeceps,^ hasty, rash
^temerārius, incōnsīderātus,^ thoughtless, rash; /noun/ ^temeritās;^ ^temere,^ rashly, at random
^effrźnātiō,^ unbridled impetuosity
^neglegźns,^ careless, inattentive, reckless
^incautus, imprōvidus, imprūdźns,^ heedless, improvident, off one's guard; /noun/ ^imprūdentia^
^incōnsultus,^ unadvised, indiscreet

*38.8 mild/severe*

... pleasant, mild ...
^iūcundus, suāvis,^ pleasant, agreeable, charming; /nouns/ ^iūcunditās, suāvitās^
^hilaris,^ cheerful; /noun/ ^hilaritās^
^remissus,^ cheerful, genial
^bonitās,^ goodness, kindness, friendliness, benevolence
^grātus,^ pleasing, agreeable
^placidus,^ gentle, calm
^grātiōsus,^ popular, beloved, obliging, agreeable
^commodus, prōlixus,^ agreeable, obliging, friendly
^aequus,^ kind
^clźmźns, lźnis, mānsuźtus,^ gentle, lenient; /nouns/ ^clźmentia, lźnitās, mānsuźtūdō^
^mītis,^ gentle, mild
^hūmānus,^ kind, courteous; /noun/ ^hūmānitās^
^almus,^ /adj./ kindly
^beneficus,^ obliging; ^beneficium,^ kind deed; $beneficiō afficere$, treat well; ^beneficentia,^ beneficence
^propitius,^ favourable, gracious
^officium,^ favour, courtesy; $mūtātiō officiōrum$, mutual services
^hōc^ (/Ac/) ^tibi grātificor,^ do you this favour
^benīgnus,^ friendly; /noun/ ^benīgnitās^
^cōmis,^ affable, genial, courteous; /noun/ ^cōmitās^
^festīvus,^ jovial, agreeable
^facilis, benevolus,^ good-natured, kind; /nouns/ ^facilitās, benevolentia^

... severe, harsh ...
^sevźrus,^ stern, austere; /noun/ ^sevźritās^
^dźrźctus,^ severe
^asper,^ harsh, violent, cruel; /noun/ ^asperitās^
^truculentus, trux,^ grim, harsh
^atrōx,^ grim, truculent, severe; /noun/ ^atrōcitās^
^importūnus,^ harsh, churlish; /noun/ ^importūnitās^
^acerbus,^ bitter, harsh
^amārus,^ caustic, bitter
^dūrus,^ hard, merciless, unfeeling; /noun/ ^dūritia^
^ferreus,^ hard-hearted, cruel
^trīstis,^ morose, stern; /noun/ ^trīstitia^
^difficilis,^ ill-tempered, surly; /noun/ ^difficultās^
^mōrōsus,^ peevish, fretful; /noun/ ^mōrōsitās^
^inhūmānus,^ savage, churlish, discourteous; /noun/ ^inhūmānitās^
^saevus, ferōx,^ fierce, violent, savage; /nouns/ ^saevitia, ferōcia, ferōcitās^
^crūdźlis,^ cruel, hard-hearted; ^crūdźlitās,^ cruelty; $crūdźlitātem exercźre$, display c.[ruelty]

*38.9 generous/stingy*

... generous, liberal ...
^largus,^ bountiful, liberal; ^largīrī,^ give freely, lavish; /nouns/ ^largītiō, largitās^
^benīgnus,^ obliging, liberal; /noun/ ^benīgnitās^
^līberālis, mūnificus,^ generous, liberal; /nouns/ ^līberālitās, mūnificentia^
^plźnā manū,^ generously
^sūmptuōsus, prōdigus,^ extravagant, wasteful; $homō sūmptuōsus$, spendthrift

... stingy, miserly ...
^parcus,^ thrifty, niggardly; /noun/ ^parsimōnia^
^malīgnus, tenāx,^ stingy, closefisted
^avārus,^ miserly, covetous; /noun/ ^avāritia^
^studium lucrī^ /or/ ^habendī,^ greed

+39 WORK, DUTY+

*39.1 work, effort*

^labor,^ work; $sź labōre dūrāre$, strengthen oneself by hard work; $nōn parcere labōrī$, spare no pains; /verbs/ ^labōrāre, źlaborāre^ /Actg/ or /Abtg/
^lūcūbrātiō,^ working by night, work done by night
^opus,^ labour, effort; $o.[pus] efficere$ /or/ $perficere$, perform work; /diminutive/ ^opusculum^
^cōnātus,^ effort, exertion; $cōnātūs$ /Gpn/ $īnfringere$, counteract one's e.[fforts]
^opera,^ work, exertion; $operam dare$ /D/, bestow care on, take pains over; $operae pretium est$, it is worth while; $oleum et operam perdere$, lose one's time and trouble
^mōlźs, mōlīmen, mōlīmentum,^ exertion
^contentiō, intentiō,^ effort, exertion, straining
^nītī, adnītī, cōnītī, źnītī, mōlīrī, contendere,^ exert oneself, strive; $summā$ /or/ $māximā ope źnītī$, make supreme efforts
^expetere,^ strive for
^sūdāre,^ work hard; /noun/ ^sūdor^
^accūrāre,^ do with care
^omnia summa facere,^ do one's utmost
^prō virīlī parte, summā vī,^ to the best of one's ability, with all one's might
^operam nāvāre^ /Dtg/, work hard at, carry out energetically; /adj./ ^nāvus,^ busy, active
^negōtium,^ business, trouble
^occupātus,^ busy; ^occupātiō,^ occupation
^coeptum, inceptum,^ undertaking
^cōnficere, perficere, peragere, absolvere,^ complete, carry through
^fungī^ /Ab/, perform (as a duty), discharge; ^fūnctiō,^ execution
^efficere,^ contrive, accomplish; $efficere ut$ /subj./, succeed in (a design); ^effectiō, effectus,^ carrying out, performance; ^efficāx,^ effective
/Actg/ ^retractāre,^ take up again
^rem prosperź gerere,^ win a success; ^prosperź źvenīre,^ turn out well. /See also 32.2/
^dispōnere,^ arrange; /noun/ ^dispositiō^

*39.2 leisure*

^ōtium,^ leisure, ease, idleness; ^ōtiōsus,^ at leisure, lazy; $ōtiōsus sum$, enjoy repose; ^ōtiārī,^ take one's leisure, be at l.[eisure]
^sź ab omnī occupātiōne expedīre,^ put all work aside
^cessāre,^ be at leisure, have nothing to do; /nouns/ ^cessātiō,^ idling; ^cessātor,^ idler
^tempus vacuum,^ leisure; ^vacuus,^ disengaged; $animō vacuō esse$, be disengaged; ^vacāre,^ be at leisure
^subsicīva tempora,^ leisure hours
^fźriātus,^ disengaged, idle
^nihil agere,^ be idle

QV: amuseument, sport, 35
QV: rest, 39.9

*39.3 vain effort*

^nihil agere,^ lose one's labour, effect nothing
^nihil prōdesse,^ be useless
^rź īnfectā,^ without result
^frūstrā,^ in vain, without effect
^nźquīquam,^ in vain, to no purpose
^irritus,^ vain, useless, ineffectual

*39.4 duty*

^mūnus, officium, pźnsum,^ duty; ^officiōsus,^ obliging, ready to serve
^pius,^ dutiful (e.g. son, parent); /noun/ ^pietās^
^prōvincia,^ official duty, charge
^iūdicis^ (/etc./) ^est^ /Inf./, it is the duty of a judge (etc.) to ...
^oportet,^ it is proper, (I) ought, it is (my) duty
^velle,^ be willing
^sponte meā,^ of my own accord
^libenter,^ willingly
^meā voluntāte,^ voluntarily, of my own free will
C: The following sub-division has been added by me

... ...
^cōgere, compellere, subigere,^ compel

QV: urge, 41.6

^vī, per vim,^ forcibly
^nōlle,^ be unwilling
^invītus,^ unwilling
^gravātź, gravātim,^ unwillingly

*39.5 easy*

^facilis, prōclīvis,^ easy; /noun/ ^facilitās^
^facile,^ easily, with ease
^nūllō negōtiō,^ without difficulty, without trouble

*39.6 difficult*

^difficilis,^ difficult, hard; /noun/ ^difficultās^
^aegrź, vix, difficulter,^ with difficulty
^arduus,^ very difficult
^labōriōsus, operōsus,^ toilsome
^rźs est multae operae,^ it is a hard piece of work
^onus,^ burden
^spissum opus,^ a lengthy, laborious, troublesome piece of work
^contortiō,^ intricacy, complication

*39.7 industrious, eager; care*

^industrius, labōriōsus, operōsus,^ industrious; /noun/ ^industria^
^sźdulus, dīligźns,^ painstaking; /nouns/ ^sźdulitās, dīligentia,^ attentiveness
^attentus, intentus,^ attentive, industrious
^assiduus,^ assiduous
^ācer, alacer, impiger, źrźctus, strźnuus, vegetus,^ eager, keen, active, energetic; /nouns/ ^ācrimōnia,^ energy; ^alacritās,^ enthusiasm; ^impigritās,^ energy, diligence
^prōmptus,^ ready, willing
^studium,^ zeal; ^studiōsus,^ keen, eager
^studiīs dźditus,^ an eager student
^nihil praetermittere quīn^ /subj./, leave nothing undone
^cūra,^ care
^cūrāre, prōcūrāre,^ look after, attend to
^prōspicere, prōvidźre,^ provide for
^invigilāre,^ be concerned for
^animum attendere ad^ /Ac/, ^respicere,^ pay attention to, have regard for; /noun/ ^respectus^
/Gpn/ ^ratiōnibus^ (interests) ^cōnsulere^ /or/ ^prōspicere^ /or/ ^prōvidźre,^ consult, provide for
^ratiōnem habźre^ /Gtg/, have regard for, see to, be concerned about

*39.8 idle; neglect*

^īgnāvus, piger, sźgnis, sōcors,^ idle, lazy, sluggish, dilatory; /nouns/ ^ignāvia, pigritia, sźgnitia, sźgnitās, sōcordia^
^nebulō,^ idle rascal
^remissus, iners,^ slack, indolent; $paulō remissius$, with some want of energy
^refrīgerārī, refrīgźscere, relanguźscere,^ grow languid
^languidus,^ sluggish, listless, inactive
^lentus,^ easy-going, phlegmatic; /noun/ ^lentitūdō^
^dźsidia, inertia,^ inactivity; /adj./ ^dźsidiōsus^
^liquźscere,^ grow slack
^incūria,^ carelessness, neglect
^neglegere, dźrelinquere^ /Actg/, ^dźesse^ /Dtg/, neglect; /nouns/ ^neglegentia, dźrelictiō^
^indormīre^ /Dtg/, be careless over
^id facere intermīsit,^ he has neglected to do it
^omittere,^ leave undone (designedly)
^praetermittere,^ leave undone (undesignedly); $praetermissa repetere$, make good what had been left undone
^posthabźre, postpōnere,^ neglect, sacrifice

*39.9 weariness, rest*

^lassitūdō,^ weariness, fatigue
^dźfetīscī,^ grow weary, be exhausted
^fessus, dźfessus,^ /plp/ ^lassus,^ weary, tired
^fatīgātus, dźfatīgātus, cōnfectus (labōre),^ exhausted; /nouns/ ^fatīgātiō, dźfatīgātiō^
^languźre,^ be faint, wearied; ^languźscere,^ grow faint
^quiźscere,^ rest, leave off; /noun/ ^quiźs;^ $sź quiźtī dare$ /or/ $trādere, quiźtem capere$, take rest; /adj./ ^quiźtus,^ at rest
^acquiźscere, conquiźscere,^ repose, find rest
^requiźs,^ rest, recreation; /verb/ ^requiźscere^
^reficere,^ restore, refresh; $sź r.[eficere]$, rest
^tranquillitās,^ peacefulness

+40 LEARNING, KNOWLEDGE+

*40.11 wisdom, knowledge*

^scientia,^ knowledge; ^scīre,^ know
^artis praecepta,^ theory
^cōgnitiō,^ knowledge, acquaintance (with things)
^omnis doctrīna,^ every branch of learning
^disciplīna,^ knowledge, science, whatever is taught
^sapientia,^ wisdom, discernment, intelligence, philosophy; $doctōrźs sapientiae$, philosophers; /adj./ ^sapiźns^
^sapere,^ be wise
^resipīscere,^ recover sense
^omnźs ineptiās excutere,^ put away childish things
^źrudītiō,^ learning, knowledge
^studium,^ study; $studiīs obsequī$ /or/ $sź imbuere$, devote oneself to s.[tudy]; $in aliquod s.[tudium] incumbere$, devote oneself to some s.[tudy]
^litterae,^ scholarship, learning; $litterārum tractātiō$, occupation with l.[earning]; $sź litterīs$ (/Ab/) /or/ $in litterās abdere$ /or/ $sź litterīs involvere$, bury oneself in l.[earning]; $tīnctus litterīs$, steeped in l.[earning], a thorough scholar
^philosophia,^ philosophy; ^philosophus, sapiźns,^ philosopher; ^philosophiam profitźrī, philosophārī,^ be a philosopher by profession; $philosophiae vacāre$, devote oneself to p.[hilosophy]
^secta, haeresis,^ philosophical school
^sophistźs,^ sophist
^prūdentia,^ (practical) prudence, good sense; /adj./ ^prūdźns^
^sźnsus commūnis,^ common sense
^vir māgnī cōnsiliī^ /or/ ^iūdiciō fīrmō praeditus,^ man of sound judgment
^perītia, ūsus,^ experience, practical knowledge
^perītus, imbūtus ūsū,^ experienced

... ...
^scītus,^ /usu. poet. of persons/, shrewd, wise, skilful
^cūriōsus,^ desirous of knowing, inquisitive; /noun/ ^cūriōsitās^
^astūtus, argūtus,^ shrewd; /noun/ ^argūtiae,^ wit, subtlety, shrewdness
^versūtus,^ adroit, ingenious
^callidus, sollers,^ clever, expert; ^sollertia,^ shrewdness, ingenuity, dexterity
^subtīlis,^ subtle; /noun/ ^subtīlitās^
^perspicāx,^ acute, penetrating

QV: caution, forethought, 38.7

^doctus,^ learned, versed, experienced
^studiōsus,^ studious, learned
^źrudītus,^ learned, well-informed, experienced
^philologus,^ learned, scholarly; /as noun/, scholar, savant; ^philologia,^ love of learning
^speculātor,^ inquirer, investigator
^gnārus, sciźns,^ skilful, expert
^acūtus, sagāx,^ shrewd, sagacious; /nouns/ ^acūmen, sagācitās^

*40.12 folly, ignorance*

^īnscientia,^ ignorance, inexperience
^īnscītia,^ stupidity, incompetence
^nescīre litterās,^ be without a liberal education
^barbarus,^ ignorant; /nouns/ ^barbaria, barbariźs^
^imperītus,^ inexperienced, ignorant
^in philosophiā inermis,^ not versed in p.[hilosophy]
^idiōta,^ ignorant person, layman
^incallidus,^ unintelligent
^hebes, stupidus, stultus, fatuus, stolidus, īnscītus, tardus, bārdus,^ dull, stupid; /nouns/ ^stupor, stultitia, fatuitās, īnscītia, tarditās^
^dźsipere,^ be foolish
^bārō,^ fool
^īnsipiźns,^ unwise, foolish; /noun/ ^īnsipientia^
^īnsānus,^ foolish; ^īnsānia,^ folly
^absurdus, ineptus,^ silly, absurd, senseless, irrational; ^ineptiae,^ nonsense, trifling
^sōcors,^ silly, thoughtless; /noun/ ^sōcordia^
^īnsulsus,^ insipid, silly, absurd; /noun/ ^īnsulsitās^
^īnfacźtus, frīgidus, plumbeus,^ dull, stupid

*40.13 sly, cunning, crafty*

^vafer,^ crafty, artful, subtle
^astūtus, astūtiae,^ /usu. in bad sense/
^argūtus, argūtiae,^ /usu. in bad sense/
^sollers,^ /not in bad sense; but/ ^sollertia^ /sometimes in bad sense/
^callidus,^ /also in bad sense;/ /noun/ ^calliditās,^ /usu. in bad sense/
^veterātor,^ crafty old fellow

QV: rashness, indisrection, 38.8
QV: fraud, 47.4

*40.14 investigate*

^indāgāre, invźstīgāre,^ track, investigate; /nouns/ ^indāgātiō, invźstīgātiō^
^quaerere,^ inquire, investigate; /noun/ ^quaestiō^
^inquīrere,^ investigate, examine
^pertemptāre,^ inquire into
^pertractāre,^ investigate, study
^recōgnōscere,^ investigate, inspect
^cūriōsus ad invźstīgandum,^ an eager investigator

*40.21 school; teacher*

^disciplīna, doctrīna,^ teaching, training
^źducāre, źdūcere,^ educate; $homō līberāliter źducātus$, a well-educated man
^lūdus, schola, gymnasium,^ school
^audītōrium,^ lecture room
^magister,^ master
^praeceptor,^ teacher
^professor,^ public teacher, professor
^grammaticus,^ teacher of language and literature, scholar
^sella,^ teacher's chair
^īnstituere, īnstruere, īnfōrmāre, docźre, praecipere^ (e.g. $dź arte dīcendī$), ^źrudīre, artibus īnficere (puerum),^ teach, instruct; /nouns/ ^īnstitūtiō, źrudītiō^
^źdocźre,^ teach thoroughly
^(iuvenźs) ad studium incitāre,^ urge to work
^praeceptum, nōrma,^ rule, precept
^fōrmula,^ rule, method
^rźgula,^ rule, model, pattern
^ratiō,^ system, doctrine, tenet; $ratiōne et viā$, systematically
^inventa,^ doctrines, opinions
^initia^ /P/, first principles
^explicāre,^ set forth, explain; $rźs involūtās e.[xplicāre]$, e.[xplain] what is complicated; /nouns/ ^explicātiō, explicātor;^ /adj./ ^inexplicābilis^
^interpretārī,^ explain; /noun/ ^interpretātiō^
^explānāre,^ explain; /nouns/ ^explānātiō, explānātor^
^elementa^ /P/, rudiments

*40.22 pupil*

^discipulus, -a, alumnus, -a,^ pupil
^discere,^ learn; ^źdiscere,^ learn by heart, learn thoroughly; ^condiscere,^ learn carefully
^tīrō,^ beginner
^rudis,^ unskilled, inexperienced
^nōscere,^ learn; ^pernōscere,^ come to know well
^cōgnōscere,^ learn, get to know, investigate, study
^studźre^ /D/, learn, apply oneself to
^prōcźdere,^ make progress, e.g. $in philosophiā$; /noun/ ^prōcessus^ 
^in^ /Abtg/ ^aliquid (multum) prōficere,^ make some (much) progress
^prōgressūs facere in studiīs,^ get on with one's studies
^paulum prōgressus,^ having made some headway
^commentārī, meditārī,^ study
^ingenium,^ ability; $i.[ngenium] subigere$, train, school the mind; $ingeniō valźre$, be talented; $prīnceps ingeniī$, of unusual ability
^docilis,^ easily taught; /noun/ ^docilitās;^ ^indocilis,^ learning with difficulty
^ferula,^ rod

QV: industrious, idle, 39.7, 39.8

*40.31 culture*

^cultūra,^ culture
^cultus,^ civilisation, refinement; $animī c.[ultus]$, intellectual culture, mental discipline
^sapor,^ taste, refinement
^polītus,^ refined, cultivated
^ingenium excolere, mānsuźfacere, subigere,^ cultivate, train, school the mind
^cultus (animus),^ polished, refined
^litterae Latīnae,^ Roman literature; $litterīs studźre$, study literature
^litterātus,^ accomplished, scholarly
^vir doctus,^ scholar
^hūmānus,^ well-informed, learned; ^hūmānitās,^ liberal education, refinement

QV: wise, learned, 40.11

*40.32 lack of culture*

^rudis, dūrus,^ unpolished, uncultivated
^horridus,^ uncouth, unpolished
^agrestis,^ boorish, uncultivated
^crassus,^ dull, uncultivated
^homō vāstus,^ a rough, unpolished fellow
^impolītus,^ unrefined, inelegant
^homō incultus^ /or/ ^sine sapōre,^ unpolished, unrefined man
^omnis źrudītiōnis expers,^ illiterate
^illitterātus,^ uneducated, illiterate
^indoctus, inźrudītus,^ ignorant, uninstructed
^omnium rźrum īnscius,^ completely ignorant
^iners,^ unskilled; /noun/ ^inertia^

QV: foolish, ignorant, 40.12

*40.4 activities of the mind*

*40.41 thought*

^mźns,^ mind; $mihi in mentem venit$ /or/ $occurrit$, it occurs to me; $mentem acuere$, sharpen the intellect; $mentī imprimere$ /or/ $mandāre$, impress on the mind; $incidere in mentem$, occur to the mind
^animum ad^ /Actg/ ^attendere^ /or/ ^in^ /or/ ^ad^ /Actg/ ^intendere,^ turn one's thoughts to, give heed to; $in animō imprimere$, impress on the mind; $animō īnfīxus$, impressed on the mind; $animus mōbilis$, active mind; $percussit animum$, it struck me; $praesentia animī$, presence of mind
^illud mihi succurrit,^ it comes into my mind
^impressiō,^ impression
^cōgitāre,^ think, meditate; $tōtō pectore c.[ōgitāre]$, think hard, deeply; ^cōgitātiō,^ thought, meditation
^reor,^ think
^animadvertere,^ heed, direct the mind to
^attentus,^ attentive, intent on
^cōnsīderāre, animō volvere^ (/or/ ^volūtāre^), ^perpendere, reputāre, dźlīberāre, agitāre in mente, exāmināre, meditārī, ponderāre, recolere,^ ponder, consider; /nouns/ ^cōnsīderātiō, dźlīberātiō, meditātiō;^ ^dźlīberābundus,^ deep in thought
^cōgitātiōnem ad^ /Ac/ ^dīrigere,^ give one's mind to
^rem animō perlūstrāre,^ survey, consider
^ratiōcinārī,^ reason, draw conclusions; ^ratiōcinātiō,^ logical conclusion
^conclūdere,^ infer, draw conclusion; /noun/ ^conclūsiō^
^sequitur, ut^ /subj./, it follows (logically) that
^cōgnitiō,^ study, investigation
^crźdere,^ believe; $vix crźdī potest$, it is scarcely credible
^incrźdibile dictū est,^ it sounds incredible
^probābilis,^ credible
^exīstimāre,^ judge, suppose; /noun/ ^exīstimātiō^
^mźtīrī, pendere, expendere,^ judge, estimate
^animō^ /or/ ^mente concipere, animō fingere,^ imagine, conceive, comprehend, realise
^mente complectī,^ grasp, comprehend
^cōgitātiōne^ /Actg/ ^dźpingere,^ imagine
^nōtiō, īnfōrmātiō,^ idea, conception
^conicere, coniectāre, suspicārī, suspīciōne attingere^ /or/ ^assequī, coniectūrā cōnsequī,^ guess, conjecture; ^coniectūra,^ guess, conjecture
^suspīciō,^ conjecture, (vague) idea
^intellegere, animō^ /or/ ^mente comprehendere, animō amplectī,^ understand; $penitus intellegere$ /Actg/, have a thorough grasp of; /nouns/ ^intellegentia, comprehźnsiō^
^percipere,^ perceive, understand; /noun/ ^perceptiō^
^āgnōscere,^ recognise

*40.42 opinion/error*

... opinion ...
^sententia,^ opinion, judgment; $meā sententiā$, in my opinion; $esse, haerźre, manźre, permanźre, persevźrāre, perstāre in eādem sententiā$, remain of the same opinion
^opīniō,^ opinion, conjecture, belief
^cōgitātiō,^ opinion, judgment
^putāre, iūdicāre, cźnsźre, arbitrārī, opīnārī,^ be of opinion, judge, believe, think
^placet mihi,^ I am of opinion, believe
^cum Mārcō sentīre,^ agree with M.[arcus]; $ā Mārcō sentīre, aliter sentīre ac Mārcus$, hold a different view from M.[ arcus]'s, differ from M.[arcus]
^eadem sentīre,^ hold the same sentiments
^assentīre^ /Dpn/, agree with
^nūllō recūsante,^ with no dissentient
^cōnsentīre cum^ /Ab/, be in agreement with; $cōnsentiunt ūnō ōre omnźs$, they are unanimous; $parum cōnsentiō cum$ /Ab/, do not agree with
^inter sź discrepāre^ /or/ ^dissentīre, dissidźre,^ disagree, be of different opinions; /nouns/ ^dissźnsiō, discrepantia^

... error ...
^minus^ (/or/ ^haud rźctź^) ^intellegere,^ misunderstand
^cōnfundere,^ disconcert, perplex
^error, errātum,^ mistake; $errōribus implicārī$, be involved in e.[rror]; $animum in errōrem indūcere$, lead astray; $errōrem fźcī$, I was mistaken; /Dpn/ $errōrem źripere, tollere, extorquźre$, remove e.[rror]; $errōrem dźpōnere$, abandon e.[rror]; /verb/ ^errāre^
^mendum,^ fault, blunder; /adj./ ^mendōsus^
^mentiźns,^ fallacy
^in fraudem incidere^ /or/ ^dźlābī,^ make a mistake
^litūra,^ correction
^corrigere, źmendāre,^ correct; /nouns/ ^corrźctiō, źmendātiō^

QV: true, false, 43

*40.43 know/evident*

... know, discover, be certain ...
^scīre,^ know; $certō scīre$, know for a fact, be certain
^sentīre,^ be or become aware of; $quod sźnserim$, as far as I am aware
^nōvisse,^ know; ^nōtitia,^ acquaintance, knowledge
^nōtus, nōbilis,^ known, notorious; $satis n.[ōtus]$, well known; ^nōbilitāre,^ make famous or notorious
^rem manū tenźre,^ have a sure knowledge of
^certus,^ certain; /Actg/ $certum$ /or/ $prō certō habźre$ /or/ $certum scīre$, know for sure
^explōrātus,^ established, certain, sure
^stabilis,^ certain, definite
^certź, certō, sine dubiō, sine ūllā dubitātiōne,^ without doubt
^profectō,^ certainly, for sure, indeed
^cōgnōscere,^ discover (facts)
^perspicere,^ recognise, come to know
^comperīre, reperīre,^ find out, ascertain; $compertum habeō$ (/or/ $mihi est$), I know well, attain to certainty
^cōnstat,^ it is well known; $c.[ōnstat] inter omnźs$, it is allowed, agreed by all, generally accepted

... clear, plain, evident ...
^liquet, manifźstum est,^ it is clear
^expressus,^ visible, clear, plain
^(satis) appāret,^ it is evident; ^apertź,^ openly, plainly
^perspicuus,^ clear, manifest; /noun/ ^perspicuitās^
^clārus,^ plain, evident; ^praeclārus,^ very clear
^patźre,^ be clear, evident
^plānus,^ plain; $plānum facere$, make clear; ^plānź,^ clearly, distinctly

*40.44 not know, be uncertain*

^nescīre, īgnōrāre,^ not know, be unaware; /noun/ ^īgnōrātiō^
^īgnārus, imprūdźns,^ unaware; /noun/ ^imprūdentia^
^īnscius, nescius,^ not knowing, ignorant; $nōn sum īnscius$, I am well aware
^mź īnsciō, mź īnsciente,^ without my knowledge
^īgnōtus, incōgnitus,^ unknown
^vagus,^ vague, indefinite
^fallere,^ escape notice
^quid sit ambigitur,^ it is uncertain; ^ambiguus,^ uncertain
^dubitāre,^ doubt; $dubitārī potest$, it is open to question; ^dubitātiō,^ uncertainty; ^dubius,^ wavering, doubtful; $in dubium venīre$, become doubtful
^anceps,^ doubtful, uncertain; $haud a.[nceps]$, decisive
^vānus,^ false, untrustworthy; /noun/ ^vānitās^
^obscūrus,^ indistinct, unintelligible; /noun/ ^obscūritās^
^adumbrātus,^ sketched, outlined, indistinct; /noun/ ^adumbrātiō^
^haesitāre,^ be at a loss; /noun/ ^haesitātiō^
^flūctuāre,^ waver, be uncertain
^animī^ /or/ ^animō pendźre,^ be perplexed, in suspense
^titubāre,^ waver, falter, be embarrassed
^forte, fortāsse, forsitan^ (/with subj./), perhaps
^vźrī similis,^ probable; ^vźrī similiter,^ probably; ^vźrī similitūdō,^ probability

*40.45 remember*

^meminisse, commemorāre, reminīscī, recordārī, memoriā tenźre^ /or/ ^retinźre^ /or/ ^cūstōdīre, in memoriam redigere, repetere^ /Ac/ ^in memoriā^ /or/ ^memoriam^ /G/, ^recōgnōscere, redūcere in memoriam,^ call to mind, recollect
^memoriam redintegrāre,^ refresh the m.[emory]
^in memoriā penitus īnsīdere,^ be firmly fixed in the mind
^memoriae mandāre,^ impress on the mind
^memoriae prōdere,^ record
^memoriam^ /G/ ^prōdere,^ hand down
^venit mihi in mentem, animō teneō,^ I recollect
^memoria,^ memory; $memoriā vigźre$, have a good memory
^commemorātiō,^ remembrance
^memor,^ mindful; ^memoriter,^ from memory
^recordātiō,^ recollection, remembrance
^monźre, admonźre,^ remind; /noun/ ^monitiō^
^commemorāre,^ remind of
^commonźre, commonefacere,^ remind forcibly

*40.46 forget*

^oblīvīscī,^ forget; /noun/ ^oblīviō;^ $in oblīviōnem$ /G/ $veniō$ /or/ $capit mź oblīviō$ /G/, forget; $oblīviōne obruī, in oblīviōne iacźre$, be forgotten; $oblīviōnī dare$, consign to oblivion; $ab oblīviōne vindicāre$, rescue from oblivion
^dźpōnere ex memoriā,^ forget
^excidere,^ escape (memory); $mihi ista exciderant$, I had forgotten these things
^memoriā dīlābī,^ escape the memory
^reī memoriam tollere,^ erase from the memory
^nihil tź effugiet,^ you will forget nothing
^in praeteritīs relinquere,^ forget to mention
^immemor, oblīviōsus,^ forgetful; $immemor sum$, forget

*40.51 cause, reason*

^cūr? quid? quāre? quamobrem?^ why?
^causa,^ cause; $causae$ /D/ $esse$, be the cause of; $causam īnferre$, allege c.[ause]
^facere, facessere^ /or/ ^efficere^ /Ac or/ ^ut^ /subj./, cause, bring about
^per mź fit, ut^ /subj./, I am the cause of
^ratiō,^ ground, motive, reason; ^ratiuncula,^ poor, inadequate reason
^per mź stat, quōminus^ /subj./ I am the cause of
^nōn^ /or/ ^nihil habeō, quod^ /subj./, I have no reason to
^est cūr^ /or/ ^quod^ /subj./, there is cause to ...
^nihil est quod (cūr, quamobrem)^ /subj./, there is no reason why
^ratiō,^ reason, motive
^mź auctōre,^ at my suggestion, instigation
^frūstrā^ /Actg/ ^facere,^ do without good cause, groundlessly
^immeritō accūsāre,^ accuse undeservedly, without cause
^meritō,^ deservedly, with good cause

*40.52 effect*

^quia, quod, proptereā quod^ /or/ ^quia,^ because
^ob^ /Ac/, ^propter^ /Ac/, on account of
^eō,^ therefore, for that reason
^effectus,^ effect
^źventum, źventus,^ consequence, result, issue
^fźtus,^ fruit, produce, e.g. $animī$
^frūgźs^ (e.g. $industriae$), result
^frūctum^ /Gtg or/ ^ex^ /Abtg/ ^percipere^ /or/ ^capere,^ reap the fruit of; $frūctum cōnsequī$, obtain a result, return

QV: good and bad fortune, 32.2, 32.3

*40.61 plan*

^cōnsilium,^ plan; $c.[ōnsilium] capere, inīre$, adopt or form a p.[lan]; $c.[ōnsilium] frangere$, spoil, bring to nought a p.[lan]
^ratiō,^ plan; $ratiōne et viā$, methodically
^dźscrīptus,^ well planned
^dispositź,^ methodically
^in animō habeō, mihi in animō est,^ I intend
/Actg/ ^animō intendere,^ plan
^quid tendit?^ what is his object?
^animō^ /or/ ^cum animō^ /or/ ^in mente^ /or/ ^sźcum agitāre^ /Ac or/ ^dź^ /Ab/, intend, plan
^scelus concipere,^ plan a crime
^cōgitāre,^ intend, plan; /noun/ ^cōgitātiō^
^meditārī^ /with inf./, intend
^īnstitūtum,^ settled plan, course
^prōpositum,^ plan, purpose; $p.[rōpositum] tenźre$, keep to one's plan; $p.[rōpositum] assequī$, attain one's plan
^eā^ /or/ ^hāc mente,^ with this intention
^cōnsultō, dź industriā,^ with deliberation, by design, on purpose
^eō cōnsiliō, ut ...,^ with the intention of
^īnsidiae, artźs,^ schemes (to deceive), trickery

*40.62 without plan*

^cōnfūsus,^ confused, muddled; /noun/ ^cōnfūsiō^
^inconditus,^ irregular, without order
^nūllā ratiōne,^ without method
^cāsū, forte, fortuītō, temere, temere ac fortuītō,^ casually, by chance, at random
^incōnsultź,^ thoughtlessly

*40.7 books*

^liber,^ book; $librōs źdere, scrīpta forās dare$, publish
^scrīptum,^ something written; /P/ ^scrīpta,^ books, works, treatises
^volūmen,^ book (rolled), volume
^cōdex,^ book (/with flat leaves/)
^pugillārźs^ /P/, ^libellus,^ notebook
^tabella,^ document, record
^commentāriī,^ memoirs
^libellus, cōnscrīptiō,^ treatise
^pāgina,^ page

... ...
^legere,^ read; ^perlegere,^ read through; ^vorāre,^ read eagerly; ^pervolūtāre,^ read carefully; ^lźctiō,^ reading, perusal; ^lźctor,^ reader
^recitāre,^ read out
^anagnōstźs,^ reader
^źvolvere^ /or/ ^explicāre^, (unfold and) read; /noun/ ^źvolūtiō^
^scrīptor,^ author
^compōnere, cōnscrībere^ ($librum, epistulam$), compose, write
^stilus,^ composition, style of composition; $artifex s.[tilus]$, artistic style

... ...
^bibliothźca,^ library
^librārius,^ /late/, bookseller
^taberna librāria,^ bookshop
^capsa, scrīnium, cista, librārium, pźgma,^ bookcase
^umbilīcus,^ projecting end of cylinder on which book was rolled

*40.8 writing*

^scrībere,^ write; $apertź s.[crībere]$, write freely, without reserve
^dźscrībere,^ copy, transcribe, draw
^exscrībere,^ copy
^perscrībere,^ write down in full, record accurately; ^perscrīptiō,^ record, entry
^litterīs mandāre,^ commit to writing
^litūra,^ erasure; ^stilum vertere,^ erase, correct
^īnscrībere^ /Dtg or/ ^in^ /Abtg/, write in or on; /noun/ ^īnscrīptiō^
^titulus,^ inscription, title
^exarāre,^ jot down
^trānscrībere, trānsferre (in tabulās),^ copy
^in tabulās, in cōdicem referre,^ enter, register
^rźs per scrīptūram amplectī,^ treat in writing
^scrība,^ (public) writer, secretary
^librārius,^ transcriber of books, copyist, secretary
^ā manū servus,^ /late/, secretary

... ...
^membrāna,^ parchment
^charta,^ paper
^calamus,^ (reed) pen; $calamum sūmere$, take up one's p.[en]
^ātrāmentum,^ ink
^tabula, tabella,^ (wax-covered) slate, writing tablet
^cźra,^ writing-tablet
^triplicźs,^ writing tablet with three leaves
^stilus,^ iron pen, style; $stilum vertere$, erase
^dictāre,^ dictate

QV: prose, 42.1
QV: verse, 42.2
QV: language, 42.3

*40.9 letters*

^litterae^ /P/, letter; $litterās mittere ad$ /Acpn/, send a l.[etter] to; /Dpn/ $litterās remittere$, write a reply to; $litterās dare$, post a l.[etter]; $litterās reddere$, deliver a l.[etter]; $litterae mihi ā Mārcō allātae sunt$, I have received a l.[etter] from M.[arcus]; $litterās dare et accipere$, correspond; $litterīs perfertur ad mź$, I am informed by l.[etter]; $Hās litterās Nōnīs Mārtiīs scrībźbam$ (I am writing; in Latin, past tense, from recipient's point of view) $atque ōrō$ (entreaty remains a present wish) $tź, ut quam prīmum rescrībās$
^epistula,^ letter; /Acpn/ $longīs epistulīs obtundere$, molest with lengthy l.[etters]; $epistulārum cōnsuźtūdō$, correspondence
^cōdicillī^ /P/, note, short letter
^diem in epistulā ascrībere,^ add the date
^epistulam patrī īnscrībere,^ address letter to one's father
^interiōre epistulā,^ in the body of the letter
^epistulam conclūdere,^ end letter; ^clausula,^ conclusion of letter
^obsīgnāre^ /or/ ^sīgnāre epistulam,^ seal letter
^respondźre, rescrībere,^ answer
^litterās^ /or/ ^respōnsum reddere,^ give an a.[nswer]; $r.[espōnsum] ferre$, receive an a.[nswer]; $r.[espōnsum] referre$, bring an a.[nswer]
^tabellārius,^ letter-carrier, postman, courier

... ...
^SVBEEV (sī valźs bene est ego valeō),^ formula at beginning of letters
^impertit tibi multam salūtem,^ sends you his kind regards
^Mārcum velim salvźre iubeās,^ my kind regard to M.[arcus]
/Dpn/ ^plūrimam salūtem referre,^ reciprocate good wishes
^Valź^ /or/ ^cūrā ut valeās^ /or/ ^fac valeās,^ formula at end of letters
^sum vester tōtus,^ yours sincerely

+41 VOICE, SPEECH+

*41.11*

^vōx,^ voice, /also/ word; $clārā$ (/or/ $māgnā$) $vōce$, with a loud v.[oice]; $summissā vōce$, softly; $pressā, suppressā vōce$, in a subdued, low voice; $vōcem attenuāre$, speak falsetto; $vōcem profundere$, utter a word
^loquī,^ speak, talk; $pūrź et Latīnź loquī$, speak plainly, right out, not to beat about the bush; ^locūtiō,^ speaking, language
^grande genus loquendī,^ sublime language; ^grandiloquus,^ speaking loftily, grandiloquent
^ūber (in dīcendō),^ copious; /noun/ ^ūbertās^
^subtīliter dīcere,^ speak simply; /noun/ ^subtīlitās^
^loquāx, linguā prōmptus,^ talkative; /noun/ ^loquācitās^
^redundāns,^ verbose
^nōn inops verbīs,^ of ready speech
^mōbilitās linguae,^ volubility
^taciturnus,^ not talkative, laconic; /noun/ ^taciturnitās^
^verbum,^ word; $ad v.[erbum]$, word for word, literally, /also/ $verbum ź (ex) verbō$ (of a single word), $verbum prō verbō$ (of a passage); $ūnō verbō, paucīs verbīs$, briefly; $multīs verbīs$, at great length; $verbīs pressus$, precise; $verba sonantiōra$, well-sounding words; $aucupium verbōrum$, quibbling
^syllaba,^ syllable
^vocābulum,^ word, designation
^lingua, ōrātiō,^ speech, language
^convertere (librum ź Graecō in Latīnum),^ translate
^dźclāmāre,^ practise speaking, declaim; ^dźclāmitāre,^ practise declamation; /nouns/ ^dźclāmātiō, dźclāmātor^
^prōnūntiāre,^ recite
^źloquī,^ speak out, speak plainly, declare
^appellātiō,^ pronunciation
^lentus in dīcendō,^ drawling
^litterās dīlātāre,^ drawl
^mussāre,^ mutter
^litteram obscūrāre,^ slur a letter (in pronouncing)
^titubāre, balbūtīre, linguā haerźre,^ stutter; ^haesitantia linguae,^ stuttering; /adj./ ^balbus^
^hālūcinārī, inānī vōce sonāre,^ talk idly, talk nonsense
^effūtīre,^ blab out, chatter
^garrīre,^ chat, talk nonsense
^īnfāns,^ unable to speak, speechless

*41.12*

^clāmāre, exclāmāre, inclāmāre, prōclāmāre,^ shout; $clāmātum est$, a cry was raised; /nouns/ ^clāmor, exclāmātiō,^ shout; $clāmor fit$, there is a shout; $clāmōrem tollere, źdere$, raise a shout; $laetantium$ /or/ $exsultantium c.[lāmor]$, shouts of joy, triumph; $clāmor excitātus$, loud shouting; ^clāmātor,^ bawler
^conclāmāre,^ shout together, raise a cry; $māgnā vōce c.[onclāmāre]$, roar
^reclāmāre,^ cry out against
^clāmitāre,^ call violently or loudly
^vōcem obtundere,^ shout oneself hoarse
^ululāre,^ howl, yell, shriek
^vāgīre,^ cry (of babies), squall
^personāre,^ call out
^praedicāre,^ proclaim, publish; ^praedicātiō,^ announcement
^acclāmāre, obstrepere,^ shout at, disapprove (accl. /also/ applaud); /noun/ ^acclāmātiō^
^advocāre,^ call to (espec. for help or advice)
^dźvocāre,^ call down or away
^sźvocāre, āvocāre,^ call away or aside
^revocāre,^ call back
^excīre,^ call forth
^vōciferārī,^ roar, scream, bawl
^gemere,^ groan; ^ingemīscere^ /D or/ ^in^ /Ab/, groan over; /noun/ ^gemitus^
^susurrāre,^ whisper, mutter; /noun/ ^susurrus^
^summissā vōce,^ softly; ^submissiō^ (e.g. $vōcis, ōrātiōnis$), lowering (of voice), quiet manner (of speech)

*41.13 song*

^canere, cantāre,^ sing; ^cantitāre,^ sing often
^cantor,^ singer
^cantus, carmen,^ song, melody; $carmen canere, dīcere$
^cantilźna,^ sing-song
^concinere,^ sing together; /noun/ ^concentus,^ song, harmony

*41.21*

^dīcere,^ say, speak; $praecīsź, pressź d.[īcere]$, speak concisely; $difficile (prōclīve) dictū$, hard (easy) to say; $solūtissimus in dīcendō$, a very ready speaker; ^dictiō,^ delivery
^dictum,^ saying; ^dicta^ /P/, words
^verbum^ /or/ ^verba facere, verba habźre,^ speak
^aiō, inquam,^ I say
^źnūntiāre,^ declare, express
^indīcere,^ declare
^nōmen^ /G/ ^źdere,^ state the name of
^recitāre,^ recite; /nouns/ ^recitātiō, recitātor^
^ōrātiō,^ speech, style; $ōrātiōnem commentārī, comparāre, compōnere, facere, cōnficere$, compose a speech; $ōrātiōnem habźre apud$ /Ac/, make a speech before
^źlocūtiō,^ oratorical delivery, elocution
^īnfantia,^ want of eloquence
^exōrdium,^ introduction (of speech)
^perōrāre,^ conclude a speech; /noun/ ^perōrātiō^
^ōrātor,^ speaker
^cōntiō,^ public meeting; $cōntiōnem habźre$, address a p.[ublic] m.[eeting]; $advocāre cōntiōnem$, summon a p.[ublic] m.[eeting]
^cōntiōnārī,^ harangue, address
^verba apud populum facere,^ address the people

*41.22*

^sermō,^ conversation, discussion; ^sermunculus,^ tittle-tattle
^contrōversia,^ dispute, debate; $contrōversiam dirimere$ /or/ $minuere$, adjust or settle a dispute
^colloquī,^ converse, have a conference with; ^colloquium,^ conversation, conference; $ad c.[olloquium] admittere$, receive in audience; $c.[olloquium] dirimere$, break up c.[onversation]
^fatīgāre^ /Acpn/ ^verbīs,^ importune
^cōnsilium,^ consultation, deliberation; /Acpn/ $in c.[ōnsilium] advocāre$, call in; $cōnsiliīs interesse$, take part in c.[onsultation]; ^cōnsiliārī,^ consult, take counsel
^disserere, disputāre, disceptāre,^ discuss, debate; /nouns/ ^disputātiō, disceptātiō^
^tractāre,^ handle, discuss

*41.23 oratory*

^ars dīcendī,^ eloquence, oratory; ^ratiō dīcendī, rhźtorica^ (/S or P/), ^rhźtoricź,^ rhetoric; ^dīcendī magister, rhźtor,^ teacher of rhetoric; ^palaestra,^ school of rhetoric
^suggestum,^ platform, stage
^fācundus^ (/late/), fluent, eloquent; /noun/ ^fācundia^ (/late/)
^źloquī,^ speak as an orator, eloquently; ^źloquźns,^ eloquent; /noun/ ^źloquentia;^ $dare sź studiō źloquentiae$, devote oneself to the study of e.[loquence]
^facilis ad dīcendum,^ ready of speech
^disertus,^ fluent
^suāvis,^ agreeable, attractive; /noun/ ^suāvitās^
^festīvus,^ humorous, witty; /noun/ ^festīvitās^
^dīcāx,^ witty, sarcastic
^lepidus,^ smart, witty; /noun/ ^lepor^
^urbānus,^ elegant, witty, facetious; /noun/ ^urbānitās^
^facźtus,^ humorous, facetious; ^facźtiae,^ wit, pleasantry, witticisms
^salsus,^ acute, witty; ^sāl,^ wit, facetiousness, drollery, sarcasm

*41.31 address, question*

^alloquī,^ address; /noun/ ^alloquium^
^adīre ad^ /Ac/, address (in speech or writing)
^appellāre,^ address, accost
^rogāre, interrogāre, scīscitārī,^ ask, inquire; $interrogandō urgźre$, beset with questions; /noun/ ^interrogātiō^
^quaerere,^ ask, inquire; $illud quaeritur$, the real question is
^percontārī,^ question strictly, investigate; /noun/ ^percontātiō^
^vocāre,^ call; ^vocātus,^ calling, invocation
^arcessere,^ summon
^convocāre, źvocāre,^ call together

*41.32 answer*

^respondźre^ /Dpn/, answer, reply to; /noun/ ^respōnsum;^ $r.[espōnsum] reddere$, give an answer; $r.[espōnsum] ab$ /Abpn/ $ferre$, receive an answer from
^referre,^ reply
^oppōnere,^ object, retort
^cōnfūtāre, redarguere, refellere, refūtāre, revincere,^ disprove, confute, contradict; /noun/ ^refūtātiō^
^obloquī,^ contradict
^īnfitiārī, īnfitiās īre,^ deny, disown

*41.33 greeting*

^salūs,^ salutation, greeting; /verb/ ^salūtāre^
^quid agis?^ how are you?
^Mārcum meum salūtā nostrīs verbīs,^ greet my friend M.[arcus] on my behalf, give him my kind regards
^salūtem mittere per^ /Ac/, send greeting by
^occursātiō,^ greeting
^salvź, salvźtō, salvźte,^ how do you do?
^salvźre iubeō,^ I bid you good day; $Mārcum iubź salvźre$, greet M.[arcus] for me
^valź^ /or/ ^valeās,^ good-bye; /colloquially/, ^bene valź, bene ambulā^
^valźre iubeō^ /or/ ^dīcō,^ /or/ ^valedīcō,^ I bid good-bye
^avź, avźtō, avźte,^ /and/ ^salvus sīs,^ /used both at meeting and parting/

*41.4 declare*

^affīrmāre, cōnfīrmāre,^ assert, declare, corroborate; /nouns/ ^affīrmātiō, cōnfīrmātiō^
^assevźrāre,^ maintain, assure
^dźmōnstrāre, ostendere,^ point out, state; /noun/ ^dźmōnstrātiō^
^dictitāre,^ assert, allege, pretend
^dźclārāre,^ show, declare, explain, testify; /noun/ ^dźclārātiō^
^profitźrī,^ declare openly
^mentiō,^ mention; $mentiōnem facere$, mention
^afferre,^ assert

... relate, announce ...
^narrāre, persequī, memorāre, commemorāre, trādere,^ tell, relate, recount
^źnarrāre,^ recount fully, explain in detail
^narrātiō, historia,^ story, narrative
^propōnere, expōnere, explicāre, exsequī,^ set forth, set before; /nouns/ ^explicātiō, expositiō^
^referre,^ report, relate
^nūntiāre, prōnūntiāre,^ announce, report; ^nūntius,^ messenger, message; ^prōnūntiātor,^ narrator
^dźnūntiāre,^ announce (officially); /noun/ ^dźnūntiātiō^
^rźs perfertur,^ it is announced
^renūntiāre,^ proclaim, announce (officially); /noun/ ^renūntiātiō^

QV: history, 42.1

*41.5 promise*

^prōmittere, pollicźrī, recipere,^ promise; /nouns/ ^prōmissum, prōmissiō^ (^pollicitātiō^ /not Ci/); $prōmissa facere$, make p.[romise]; $prōmissa ab$ /Abpn/ $exigere$, exact p.[romise]
^spondźre,^ promise (solemnly), pledge oneself; /noun/ ^spōnsiō^
^fidem dare^ /Dpn/ ^dź^ /Abtg or/ ^inter sź,^ promise
^fidem suam in^ /Actg/ ^interpōnere,^ pledge one's word
^fidem praestāre, fidem suam līberāre, fidem^ /or/ ^prōmissa servāre, prōmissa patrāre, prōmissīs stāre,^ keep one's word
^impleō quod pollicitus sum,^ carry out my promise
^fidem fallere^ /or/ ^frangere^ /or/ ^violāre,^ break one's promise
^fidem hostī datam fallere,^ break one's parole

*41.61 persuade, urge*

^suādźre, persuādźre,^ persuade, urge upon, advocate; $frātrī illud persuāsit; mihi persuāsum est, persuāsum habeō$, I am convinced; $persuādźrī mihi nōn potest$, I cannot be persuaded; /noun/ ^persuāsiō^
^impellere^ /Acpn/ ^ad^ /or/ ^in^ /Actg/, persuade, urge to; /nouns/ ^impulsiō, impulsus^
^addūcere,^ induce, persuade
/Acpn/ ^ad^ /or/ ^in suam sententiam perdūcere,^ win over
^monźre, admonźre, praemonźre,^ advise, admonish, warn; /nouns/ ^monitiō, admonitiō;^ ^monita,^ admonitions
^hortārī, adhortārī, cohortārī, incitāre, lacessere,^ exhort, urge; $adhortantis vōx$, words of encouragement; /nouns/ ^hortātiō, adhortātiō, cohortātiō, hortātor, adhortātor;^ ^incitātiō,^ inciting; ^incitāmentum,^ incentive
^īnstīgāre, īnstinguere,^ urge, incite; /noun/ ^īnstīnctus^

*41.62 dissuade, threaten*

^dissuādźre, dźhortārī,^ dissuade, advise against
/Acpn/ ^dź sententiā movźre^ /or/ ^ā prōpositō flectere,^ dissuade
^praedīxit, nź id faceret,^ he warned him not to do it
^minārī, minitārī,^ threaten; ^minae,^ threats; $minās iactāre$, throw out threats; ^minātiō,^ threat; ^mināx,^ threatening
^impendere^ /Dpn or/ ^in^ /Acpn/ ^imminźre^ /Dpn/, threaten (of danger, etc.)
^dźnūntiāre,^ threaten, denounce
^mortem prōpōnere,^ threaten with death

*41.71 praise*

^laus,^ praise; $laude afficere$, praise; $omnī laude cumulāre$, heap praises on; $laudibus in caelum ferre$ /or/ $(ad caelum) efferre, illūstrāre$, extol; $laudźs$ /Gpn/ $in astra tollere$, praise exceedingly; $laudem ex$ /Abtg/ $excipere$, get credit for; $summam$ /Dpn/ $laudem tribuere$, praise extremely
^laudāre,^ praise; ^collaudāre,^ praise very much, extol; /nouns/ ^laudātiō, collaudātiō,^ commendation, eulogy; ^laudātor,^ one who praises; /adj./ ^laudābilis,^ praiseworthy
^ōrnāre, celebrāre, praedicāre, ad caelum extollere,^ praise, extol, sound the praises of; /noun/ ^praedicātiō^
^praecōnium^ /Dpn/ ^tribuere,^ eulogise
^assentārī,^ flatter; /nouns/ ^assentātiō, assentātor^
^adūlārī,^ flatter, fawn upon; /nouns/ ^adūlātiō, adūlātor^
^blandus,^ flattering; /verb/ ^blandīrī;^ /nouns/ ^blanditia, blandīmentum^
^plaudere,^ applaud, approve; ^plausus,^ acclamation
^approbāre, probāre,^ approve, recommend; $tibi probātur$, it is approved by you; /nouns/ ^approbātiō, approbātor^
^comprobāre,^ approve, assent to, sanction

*41.72 blame, abuse*

^culpa,^ blame; /verb/ ^culpāre^
^probrum,^ reproach, insult
^invehī in^ /Ac/, attack (in words)
^accūsāre, compellāre, incūsāre, increpāre, increpitāre, īnsectārī, reprehendere, īnsequī, obiūrgāre,^ blame, rebuke, censure, tax with; ^animadversiō, compellātiō, reprehźnsiō, īnsectātiō, obiūrgātiō,^ blame
^improbāre,^ disapprove, blame
^condemnāre^ /Acpn G/ fault, blame, e.g. $aliquem inertiae$
^exagitāre^ /Actg Gpn/, attack, censure
^nihil tźcum dź hīs rźbus expostulō,^ I find no fault with you on this score; ^expostulātiō,^ complaint
^vituperāre,^ find fault with, censure, disparage; /nouns/ ^vituperātiō, vituperātor^
^crīminārī,^ calumniate
^maledīcere,^ abuse, slander; ^maledicus,^ scurrilous, slanderous; ^maledicta^ /P/, abuse, slander; $tź malźdictīs onerō$, heap abuse on you
^dźtrahere,^ disparage
^fāmam^ /Gpn/ ^inquināre,^ besmirch a man's good name
^obtrectāre^ /D/, disparage, underrate; /nouns/ ^obtrectātiō, obtrectātor^
^de^ /Gpn/ ^fāmā dźtrahere,^ disparage, impair the credit of
^obicere, obiectāre, exprobrāre^ /Actg Dpn/, taunt with, reproach; /nouns/ ^obiectātiō, exprobrātiō^
^īnsultāre,^ taunt, abuse
^īnsimulāre^ /Acpn Gtg/, tax with (/espec. falsely/)
^hōc tibi vitiō vertō^ /or/ ^dō,^ impute this to you as a fault
^tź^ /Gtg/ ^damnō,^ censure you for
^notāre,^ censure, reprimand
^contumźlia,^ abuse, insult, invective; /Acpn/ $verbōrum contumźliīs lacerāre$, abuse violently; $aperīre$ /Acpn/ $contumźliīs$, overwhelm with abuse; ^contumźliōsus,^ abusive
^convīcium,^ abuse, reproach, censure

*41.8 silence*

^silźre,^ be silent (make no noise); /noun/ ^silentium;^ $s.[ilentium] facere$, observe silence; /adv./ ^silentiō,^ in silence, silently
^tacźre, reticźre,^ be silent (not speak); /noun/ ^reticentia^
^obmūtźscere,^ become dumb
^tacitus,^ silent; $mź tacitō$, if I say nothing
^mūtus,^ dumb, silent
/Actg/ ^silentiō praeterīre,^ pass over in silence
^verba mź dźficiunt, ōrātiō mź dźficit,^ words fail me
^conticźscere,^ cease speaking, hold one's peace
^reticźre,^ be silent; /noun/ ^reticentia^
^linguam continźre^ /or/ ^moderārī,^ keep silent

*41.91 topic and digression*

^materia,^ subject-matter, topic
^argūmentum,^ subject, theme
^prōpositum, prōpositiō,^ theme; $ā prōpositō aberrāre$ /or/ $źgredī$, digress from the main point; $ad prōpositum redīre$ /or/ $revertī$, return to the m.[ain] p.[oint]
^quaestiō,^ subject of investigation
^dźgredī, dīgredī,^ digress; /noun/ ^dīgressiō^
^ōrātiō longius excurrit,^ there is a long digression; ^excursiō, excursus,^ digression
^dźclīnātiō,^ digression
^redeāmus ad illud unde dźvertimus,^ let us take up our main point after the digression

*41.92 interrupt, pause*

^interpellāre,^ interrupt; /noun/ ^interpellātiō^
^interrumpere^ (e.g. $ōrātiōnem$), break off
^intervenīre^ /Dtg/, interrupt; /noun/ ^interventor^
^intermittere,^ allow to intervene; $trīduō intermissō$, after an interval of three days; ^intermissiō,^ pause, interval
^intervāllum,^ interval, pause; $sine intervāllō$, uninterrupted

*42.1 prose*

^verba^ /or/ ^ōrātiō solūta,^ prose
^narrātiō,^ narrative
^historia,^ narrative, tale, story; history
^apologus,^ story, fairy tale, fable
^fābula,^ story (fiction); ^fābella,^ short story
^narrātor,^ story-teller
^narrātor, historicus, rźrum scrīptor,^ historian
^rźs gestae,^ history; $r.[źs] g.[estae] Rōmānōrum$, Roman h.[istory]
^annāles,^ records
^fāstī,^ chronicle
^auctor,^ author (/espec./ historian)

*42.2 verse*

^versus,^ verse, poetry
^carmen,^ poem; poetry
^poźma,^ poem, /P/, poetry; ^poźsis,^ poem, poetry; /adj./ ^poźticus^
^ecloga,^ short poem, eclogue
^versus,^ line
^poźma compōnere, carmen condere,^ write a p.[oem]
^modus,^ rhythm, harmony
^numerus,^ rhythm, cadence
^poźta,^ poet; ^poźtria,^ poetess; ^fidicen^ (/poet./), (lyric) poet
^carmen^ /or/ ^poźma compōnere^ /or/ ^pangere,^ write verse
^ex tempore,^ on the spur of the moment
^afflātus (dīvīnus), permōtiō mentis dīvīna,^ inspiration
^furor,^ frenzy

*42.3*

^lingua,^ language; $Gallicae linguae scientiam habźre$, know the language of Gaul
^sermō,^ language; $in Latīnō sermōne$, in Latin
^trāferre^ /or/ ^trānsferre,^ translate; $verba trālāta$, translated expressions; ^trā-^ /or/ ^trānslātiō,^ translation
^interpres,^ interpreter, translator; ^interpretārī,^ translate; /noun/ ^interpretātiō^

*43.1 true*

^vźrus,^ true; $vźra dīcit$, he is speaking the truth; $vźra et falsa$, truth and falsehood; ^vźritās,^ truth, truthfulness; $manźre in vźritāte$, adhere to the truth; ^vźridicus,^ truthful
^vźrź,^ truly, in fact
^rźvźrā,^ really
^vźritātis studiōsus,^ strictly truthful
^vźrāx,^ veracious
^locuplźs,^ worthy of credence, trustworthy
^rźctus,^ right, correct, proper, accurate
^rīte,^ fitly, rightly
^solidus, sincźrus,^ genuine, sound, real
^fāma, rumor, audītiō,^ report, rumour, hearsay; $levis audītiō$, unfounded report; $rumōrem spargere$ /or/ $dissipāre$, spread a report
^in sermōnem hominum venīre,^ get talked about
^rūmusculī^ /P/, idle talk, gossip
^ferunt^ /or/ ^fertur,^ men say, it is reported, there is a story

*43.2 false*

^falsus,^ false, untrue, unreal, groundless; /adv./ ^falsō^
^fictus, mentītus^ (/poet./), ^fūcātus, fūcōsus,^ spurious, false, fictitious, counterfeit; ^fictum,^ fiction, deception
^mentīrī,^ lie, deceive; ^mendāx,^ untruthful, /as noun/ liar; ^mendācium,^ lie, falsehood; $dīcere m.[endācium]$, tell a lie
^źmentīrī,^ feign, allege falsely, fabricate
^ā vźritāte dźflectere,^ depart from the truth
^commentus, commentīcius,^ invented, fictitious; ^commentum,^ fiction, lie
^calumnia,^ false statement, misrepresentation; ^calumniārī,^ misrepresent, blame unjustly
^dźtorquźre,^ misrepresent
^in errōrem indūcere,^ mislead
^dźcipere,^ deceive
^fūcus,^ pretence
^suprālātiō, trāiectiō,^ exaggeration

QV: error, 40.42
QV: fraud, 47.4

*43.3 proof*

^experīrī, perīclitārī,^ make trial of, put to the test; ^experīmentum,^ proof; ^perīculum,^ trial, proof; /Gpn/ $fideī p.[erīculum] facere$, test one's good faith
^indicium,^ token, proof
^argūmentum,^ proof, evidence; $a.[rgūmentum] petere$, seek; $afferre$ /or/ $prōmere$, adduce, bring forward; $sūmere$, get; $cōnfīrmāre$, corroborate; ^argūmentārī,^ prove, adduce as proof
^testimōnium,^ evidence
^probāre, approbāre,^ prove, demonstrate; /noun/ ^approbātiō^
^convincere^ (e.g. $errōres$ /Gpn/), demonstrate
^źvidźns,^ manifest, obvious

+44 EMOTIONS+

*44.0*

^flagrāre, īnflammārī, ārdźre,^ glow, be stirred, e.g. $dźsīderiō, amōre, odiō$
^exagitāre, excitāre, incendere, perciźre, permovźre,^ rouse, stimulate, stir up, excite; /nouns/ ^incendium,^ e.g. $invidiae$; ^permōtiō,^ excitement, emotion
^(animum) movźre, commovźre,^ touch (the heart), make an impression; ^afficere^ ($dolōre$, etc.), affect; ^affectus,^ mood, state of mind
^commōtus,^ excited, aroused; ^commōtiō,^ excitement
^animum exsuscitāre,^ excite
^afferre^ ($dolōrem, spem$, etc.), cause
^źlātiō,^ transport
^fervor animī, ārdor,^ ardour, passion; ^fervźns, fervidus,^ inflamed, passionate
^flamma,^ passion, e.g. $amōris, invidiae$
^movźrī,^ be touched, e.g. $lacrimīs$; ^mōtus,^ emotion, passion
^stimulus,^ torment, incitement; ^stimulāre,^ goad, spur on, incite
^cruciāre, discruciāre, excruciāre, exedere, torquźre,^ torment, torture; ^cruciātus, tormentum,^ torture, anguish
^tābźscere^ (e.g. $dźsīderiō, dolōre$), be consumed
^pellere,^ affect, impress
^percutere, perturbāre,^ affect deeply, make an impression on; /noun/ ^perturbātiō^
^incumbere^ (e.g. $in aliquod studium, in cupiditātem$), incline to, devote oneself to
^prōnus, prōpźnsus ad^ /Actg/, inclined to
^prōpendźre ad^ /Actg/, be inclined to

... endure, suffer ...
^ferre, perferre, sufferre,^ endure, bear
^patī,^ bear, endure; $aequō animō p.[atī]$, bear calmly, with equanimity or resignation; ^patientia,^ patience
^perpetī,^ endure, bear steadfastly; ^perpessiō,^ endurance
^sustinźre^ (e.g. $vim hostium$), endure, withstand
^tolerāre,^ bear, endure, put up with
^intolerābilis, intolerandus,^ unbearable

... allay, assuage, relieve, soothe ...
^lźnīre, mītigāre,^ mitigate, assuage, soothe, appease
^cohibźre,^ repress, hold in check
^subvenīre^ /with D/, relieve, remedy
^exhaurīre^ /Dpn/ ^dolōrem,^ relieve one of sorrow
^eximere^ /Dpn/ ^cūrās,^ rid one of cares
^temperāre,^ moderate, soothe
^mulcźre, permulcźre,^ soothe
^źrigere,^ cheer up
^cōnsōlārī, levāre, relevāre, sublevāre, sōlārī^ (/plp./), comfort, relieve; ^cōnsōlātiō,^ consolation; ^sōlācium,^ what brings consolation; $hōc māgnō est sōlāciō$, is a great consolation; $hōc sōlāciō ūtor$, this comforts me
^dolōris fōmentum,^ alleviation of pain, sorrow
^levāmen, levāmentum,^ comfort, alleviation
^resīdere,^ abate, subside (e.g. $tumor animī resźdit$)

*44.1 joy, satisfaction*

^gaudium,^ (inward) joy; /P/, signs of joy; ^gaudźre,^ rejoice; $in sinū g.[audźre]$, keep one's joy to oneself
^triumphāre,^ rejoice
^dźlectāre, oblectāre,^ delight, give pleasure; /noun/ ^dźlectātiō, oblectāmentum, oblectātiō^
^dźliciae,^ cause of delight
^iuvat^ (/perf./ ^iūvit^) ^mź, cordī est mihi,^ it pleases me
^fruī^ /Abtg/, enjoy; ^perfruī,^ enjoy thoroughly
^libenter,^ gladly
^gestīre,^ rejoice, exult
^laetus,^ glad, joyous; /noun/ ^laetitia,^ (manifested) joy; $laetitiā efferrī$, be transported with j.[oy]; $laetitiam dare$ /Dpn/, gladden; $percipere laetitiam ex$ /Abtg/, get j.[oy] from; ^laetārī^ /Ab or/ ^dź^ /Ab/, rejoice in
^exsultāre,^ rejoice, exult; /noun/ ^exsultātiō^
^in caelō esse,^ be very happy
^festīvus,^ lively, gay, joyous, merry
^alacer,^ glad; /noun/ ^alacritās^
^hilaris,^ cheerful, merry; /noun/ ^hilaritās;^ /verbs/ ^hilarāre, exhilarāre^
^lascīvus,^ frolicsome; ^lascīvia,^ playfulness
^bonō animō esse,^ be of good cheer
^voluptās,^ pleasure; $voluptātem percipere$, feel p.[leasure]; $voluptātibus fruī, voluptātźs haurīre$, enjoy, indulge in p.[leasures]; $tōtum sź voluptātibus trādere$, give oneself entirely to p.[leasures]; ^homō voluptārius,^ voluptuary
^grātus,^ pleasing, agreeable
^placźre,^ please; $hōc mihi placet$, I like this
^beātus, fźlīx,^ happy; $vīta beāta$, happiness; /nouns/ ^beātitās, beātitūdō, fźlīcitās^

... ...
^satisfacere,^ satisfy; /noun/ ^satisfactiō^
^probāre,^ be satisfied with, approve; $sź$ /Dpn/ $p.[robāre]$, make oneself acceptable to
^illud satis habeō dīcere,^ am satisfied to say this
^contentus,^ content; $suā sorte c.[ontentus]$, satisfied with his lot
^tranquillus,^ unruffled; /noun/ ^tranquillitās^
^placidus, plācātus, sźdātus,^ calm, peaceful; ^sźdāre,^ allay, calm
^sźcūrus,^ free from care, untroubled; /noun/ ^sźcūritās^
^lźnis,^ gentle, calm; /noun/ ^lźnitās^
^mītis,^ calm, placid
^īram pōnere^ /or/ ^īrae moderārī,^ cease to be angry

*44.2 sorrow, anger*

^sźrius,^ grave, serious
^dolor,^ sorrow, distress, ache, suffering; $stimulī dolōris$, pangs; $dolōre permōtus$, moved by grief; $hīc mź d. tangit$, this grieves me; $dolōrem haurīre$, suffer pain; $dolōrem cōnsōlandō levāre$, soothe the sorrowing; $dolōrī indulgźre$, give way to distress; $dolōribus premī, angī, frangī$, be crushed by grief; $dolōre prīvāre$, free from sorrow; ^dolźre,^ be sad
^lūctus,^ affliction, mourning; $lūctum haurīre$, be afflicted; ^lūctuōsus,^ mournful, pitiable; ^lūctificus,^ causing sorrow; ^lūgźre,^ mourn
^aerumna,^ trouble, affliction
^aeger animī,^ distress; /noun/ ^aegritūdō,^ grief, sorrow
^multa mź angunt,^ I am much distressed; /noun/ ^angor;^ /adj./ ^ānxius,^ /whence/ ^ānxietās, ānxitūdō^
^vexāre,^ distress, worry; /nouns/ ^vexātiō, vexātor^
^stimulāre,^ vex, disturb; ^stimulus,^ torment, pang
^trīstis,^ sad; /noun/ ^trīstitia^
^maestus,^ sad; /nouns/ ^maeror, maestitia;^ $in maerōre iacźre$, be in deep sorrow; $in mediō maerōre$, in the depths of sorrow; /verb/ ^maerźre^
^animum contrahere^ /or/ ^dźmittere,^ lose heart
^afflīctus,^ dejected, desponding
^(animus) abiectus, dźmissus, oppressus,^ dejected, depressed; /noun/ ^abiectiō^
^īnfrāctiō, contractiō^ /or/ ^dźmissiō animī,^ depression
^flźre,^ weep, bewail; /noun/ ^flźtus;^ /adj./ ^flźbilis,^ lamentable, tearful
^lacrimāre, lacrimās profundere^ /or/ ^effundere,^ weep
^collacrimāre, illacrimāre,^ weep at or over, lament
^plōrāre, complōrāre, dźplōrāre, lāmentārī, dźflźre,^ wail, lament, regret, deplore; /nouns/ ^plōrātus, lāmenta^ (/P/), ^lāmentātiō;^ /adj./ ^lāmentābilis,^ lamenting, full of sorrow
^gemere,^ wail
^plangor,^ wailing, lamentation
^querī, conquerī,^ bewail, complain of; ^querźla, querimōnia, questiō, questus, conquestiō,^ lament, complaint
^dźsīderāre,^ miss; /noun/ ^dźsīderium,^ grief (at loss)
^singultus,^ sobbing; /verb/ ^singultāre^
^ingrātus,^ unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful
^displicźre,^ displease
^miser,^ wretched; ^miseria,^ unhappiness; $miseriārum incendia$, a sea of evils
^īnfźlīx,^ unhappy

... ...
^īra,^ anger; $īrae indulgźre$, give way to anger; $illud mź īrā affźcit$, it made me angry
^īrācundia,^ hasty temper, rage; $īrācundiam cohibźre$, restrain temper
^īrāscī,^ grow angry; ^īrātus, īrā incźnsus^ /or/ ^commōtus, īrācundus,^ angry, irritable; ^īrācundia,^ hastiness of temper, wrath, passion; $īrācundiā permōtus$, moved by anger; $ad īrācundiam addūcere, īrā afficere$ /Acpn/, make angry
^suscźnsźre,^ be angry, cherish anger, be inflamed with wrath
^graviter (aegrź, molestź) ferre,^ resent, be annoyed
^offźnsiōnem afferre,^ be vexatious, annoying
^irrītāre, lacessere, prōvocāre,^ make angry, exasperate, harass; /noun/ ^irrītātiō^
/Acpn/ ^sermōnibus prōvocāre,^ exasperate
/Dpn/ ^stomachum facere^ /or/ ^movźre,^ annoy, irritate; ^stomachārī,^ be angry or peevish; ^stomachōsus,^ peevish, irritable
^bīlem commovet,^ it rouses anger
^molestus,^ troublesome, annoying; ^molestia,^ annoyance, vexation, disgust; $sine molestiā tuā$, without trouble to yourself
^dolor,^ resentment, indignation
^indīgnārī,^ be angry, displeased, indignant; /noun/ ^indīgnātiō^

*44.3 love, admiration, wonder, pity, kindness*

^amor,^ love; $amōrī amōre respondźre$, return love; ^amāre,^ love; ^ādamāre,^ grow fond of, love deeply; /adjs./ ^amāns, amābilis^
^pius,^ affectionate, loyal; /noun/ ^pietās^
^meī studiōsus,^ devoted to me
^fovźre,^ cherish
^indulgźre^ /Dpn/, be kind, indulgent to; /noun/ ^indulgentia^
^dīligere,^ esteem, regard
^cārus,^ beloved, dear; ^cāritās,^ regard, affection
^grātia,^ regard, friendship; $apud$ /Acpn/ $grātiam inīre$, win one's favour; $grātiās acquīrere$, win favour; ^amōrem sibi conciliāre,^ win affection
^voluntās ergā^ /Acpn/, affection, regard for
^grātulārī,^ congratulate; /noun/ ^grātulātiō^
^verźrī, reverźrī,^ revere, esteem
^observāre,^ respect, esteem; /noun/ ^observantia^
/Acpn/ ^plūris facere, habźre, dūcere, aestimāre^ /or/ ^putāre,^ esteem more highly
^plūrimum^ /Dpn/ ^tribuere,^ think very highly of
^tź honōre^ /or/ ^in honōre habeō, tź honōre afficiō^ /or/ ^augeō, tź in honōrem addūcō,^ honour you, do you honour
^honōre apud^ /Acpn/ ^esse,^ be honoured by
^honōrātus,^ honoured, honourable
^honestāre,^ honour

... ...
^mīrārī, admīrārī,^ admire, wonder at; /nouns/ ^admīrātiō,^ admiration, wonder; $admīrātiōnem mihi movźs$, I wonder, am surprised at you; ^mīrāculum,^ marvel, wonder; $esse mīrāculō$, excite wonder
^mīrus, mīrābilis, mīrificus, admīrābilis,^ wonderful, astonishing, marvellous; $mīrum in modum$, wonderfully
^obstupźscere,^ be amazed; ^stupor,^ stupefaction, amazement; ^stupefacere,^ numb, stun
^ostentum,^ prodigy, portent
^suspicere^ (e.g. $źloquentiam$ /Gpn/), admire

... ...
^misereor, miseror, mź miseret,^ I pity; /noun/ ^miserātiō;^ ^misericors,^ tender-hearted, pitiful; /noun/ ^misericordia;^ $misericordiā frangī$, be moved by pity; ^miserābilis,^ pitiable
^beneficium offerre^ /Dpn/, ^benevolentiā^ /Acpn/ ^augźre,^ show kindness to
^īnservīre, servīre^ /Dpn/, be at one's service, attached to
^dźvincīre^ (e.g. $benevolentiā$), ^obstringere^ (e.g. $donīs$) /Acpn/, oblige, lay under an obligation
/Acpn/ ^sibi obligāre^ (e.g. $līberālitāte$), bind someone to oneself

*44.4 hatred, contempt, scorn*

^odium,^ hatred, aversion, dislike, grudge; $odiō esse$ /Dpn/, be hated by; /verb/ ^ōdī;^ /adj./ ^odiōsus,^ offensive, hateful
^invidia,^ malice, hatred; $invidiam habeo$, am hated; $invidiā flagrō apud vōs$, am an object of unpopularity with you, am detested; ^invidźre,^ take a dislike to; ^invīsus,^ hated; ^invidiōsus,^ unpopular, disliked
^malevolus,^ ill-disposed, spiteful; /noun/ ^malevolentia^
^malitia,^ ill-will, spite (underhand)
^respuere,^ reject, dislike
^offźnsus est mihi,^ he is offensive to me, I object to him
^āspernārī,^ spurn (aversion)
^contemptiō,^ /late/ ^contemptus,^ contempt; $in contemptiōnem venīre$, be despised; $contemptuī esse$ /or/ $habźre$, despise
^contemnere,^ disdain (as causing no fear); ^dźspicere,^ disdain (as having no value); $haud contemnendus$, far from contemptible; /noun/ ^dźspicientia^
^dźspicātus,^ contemptible; /nouns/ ^dźspicātiō, dźspicātus,^ contempt
^spernere, indīgnārī, repudiāre, rźicere,^ scorn, disdain
^mź piget,^ I dislike, loathe
^irrīdźre, źlūdere, illūdere, cavillārī,^ ridicule, mock, make fun of; /nouns/ ^irrīsiō, irrīsus, illūsiō, cavillātiō,^ mockery; ^irrīsor, cavillātor,^ mocker
^dźrīdźre,^ deride
^lūdere^ /Acpn/, banter; ^lūdibrium,^ butt, laughing-stock

*44.5 wish, desire*

^velle,^ wish, care to; ^pervelle,^ desire greatly; ^voluntās,^ will, wish, desire
^optāre, cupīre,^ wish, desire; /nouns/ ^cupīdō, cupiditās,^ /both used in good and bad sense/; $cupidāte incźnsus$, aflame with passion; $cupiditātźs coercźre$, subdue one's passions
^optātum,^ wish
^concupīscere^ /Actg/ ^ad īnsāniam,^ be madly desirous of
^cupidus,^ eager, passionate
^exoptāre, dźsīderāre, gestīre,^ wish earnestly, long for; /nouns/ ^dźsīderium, dźsīderātiō;^ $dźsīderiō incźnsus$, burning with desire
^libīdō,^ desire, longing, caprice, wilfulness, passion, lust; $libīdine ferrī$, be carried away by passion; /adj./ ^libīdinōsus^
^licentia,^ licentiousness
^appetźns,^ craving for; /noun/ ^appetītiō^
^impetus,^ eager desire, e.g. $dīcendī$
^avidus,^ longing eagerly for, desirous; /noun/ ^aviditās^
^utinam!^, if only!
^peroptātō,^ greatly to one's wish

*44.6 be unwilling, prefer, shrink from, envy, curse*

^nōlle, recūsāre,^ be unwilling, reluctant; /noun/ ^recūsātiō^
^mź invītō,^ against my will
^ingrātiīs,^ against one's will
^mālle,^ prefer
/Acpn Dpn/ ^praepōnere, antepōnere, praeferre, anteferre, praevertere, antevertere, praeoptāre,^ prefer
^potius,^ rather; ^potissimum,^ in preference to all
^fugere, subterfugere, vītāre,^ avoid, shun; /noun/ ^vītātiō^
^abhorrźre,^ shrink from, detest
^offendere,^ revolt
^fastīdīre,^ shrink from, loathe; ^fastīdium^ (/or/ ^satietātem^) ^parere,^ disgust; /adj./ ^fastīdiōsus,^ fastidious
^taedet,^ it disgusts; /noun/ ^taedium;^ $afferre t.[aedium]$ /Dpn/, disgust; $t.[aedium] patī$, be disgusted
^invidźre,^ envy; $invidiam subīre$, incur envy; /nouns/ ^invidia,^ envy; ^invidentia,^ envying; /adjs./ ^invidus, invidiōsus,^ envious
^malīgnus, līvidus,^ envious
^dźtestārī^ (e.g. $omnibus precibus$) /Acpn/, curse, execrate
^exsecrārī, male^ /or/ ^mala precārī,^ curse; /noun/ ^exsecrātiō;^ /adj./ ^exsecrābilis^
^precźs^ /P/, curse
^sacer,^ accursed

*44.7 hope, confidence*

^spźs,^ expectation, hope, prospect(s); /verb/ ^spźrāre;^ $bene, rźctź s.[perāre]$, look forward to
^fidźs, fidūcia, cōnfīdentia,^ confidence
^fīdere, cōnfīdere,^ trust
^fidem tibi habeō,^ place reliance on you

QV: bold, timid, see 38.4

*44.8*

^verźrī, reverźrī,^ stand in awe of, fear; /noun/ ^reverentia,^ awe
^timor,^ fear; $hōc timōre$, through fear of this; $timōre afficere$, frighten; $timor incźdit animō$, I am frightened; $timōre oppressus$, weighed down with anxiety; $sź ex māgnō timōre recreāre$, recover from a great fright; /adj./ ^timidus,^ frightened, faint-hearted; /verbs/ ^timźre, pertimźscere,^ take alarm, be afraid of; ^extimźscere,^ fear greatly
^metus,^ dread; $abiectus metū$, desperate; $in metum tź addūcō$, inspire you with fear; $metū frangī$, be overcome by fear; /verb/ ^metuere;^ ^metuendus,^ formidable
^metum^ /Dpn/ ^levāre,^ relieve from fear; $ā metū respīrāre$, recover from fear
^pavźre,^ be terrified, in a panic; /noun/ ^pavor,^ dread, alarm, panic; $pavōre perculsus$, dismayed; /adj./ ^pavidus,^ terrified
^exhorrźscere, inhorrźscere,^ shudder, be horrified
^formīdō,^ fear; /verb/ ^formīdāre;^ /adj./ ^formīdolōsus,^ terrible; timid (/rare/)
^reformīdāre,^ shrink back from, dread; /noun/ ^reformīdātiō^
^terror,^ terror; $terrōrźs$, bugbears; $terrōrem inicere, offerre$, strike terror in; $incidit t.[error] exercituī$, panic seized the army; $terrōrem īnferre$ /Dpn/, terrify; /adj./ ^perterritus,^ dismayed, panic-stricken
^terrźre, conterrźre, exterrźre, proterrźre, territāre,^ terrify
^absterrźre,^ frighten away, deter
^terribilis, tremendus,^ dreadful, terrible
($terrōrem, formīdinem$, /etc./) ^incutere,^ inspire, excite fear, fill with panic, etc.
^excīre,^ frighten, e.g. $ex somnō$
^trepidus,^ alarmed, agitated; /verb/ ^trepidāre;^ /noun/ ^trepidātiō^
^obstupefactus,^ aghast
^tremere, contremīscere,^ tremble; /noun/ ^tremor^
^horrźre,^ tremble at, be afraid of; ^horrźscere,^ tremble, shudder; ^perhorrźscere,^ have a great horror of, be horrified at; /noun/ ^horror;^ /adj./ ^horribilis,^ frightful
^atrōx,^ horrible; /noun/ ^atrōcitās^
^dźspźrāre,^ despair, give up hope; $dź summā rźrum dźspźrāre$, despair wholly; $salūte dźspźrātā, rźbus dźspźrātīs$, in despair; /noun/ ^dźspźrātīō;^ $ad dźspźrātiōnem pervenīre$, become desperate
^animum contrahere^ /or/ ^dźmittere,^ lose heart; /nouns/ ^contractiō^ /or/ ^dźmissiō animī^
^percellere,^ discourage, daunt
^sollicitūdō,^ anxiety; $animum sollicitūdine exonerāre$, relieve from anxiety; ^sollicitus,^ anxious, agitated; ^sollicitāre,^ cause fear, harass
^suspendere,^ keep in suspense; /adj./ ^suspźnsus,^ anxious, in suspense
^suspicārī,^ suspect; /noun/ ^suspīciō;^ $in suspīciōnem$ (e.g. $avāritiae$) $venīre, cadere$, be suspected of; /adj./ ^suspīciōsus,^ feeling or raising suspicion

+45 LAW+

*45.1*

^īus,^ law, justice; $iūs cīvīle$, common law; $iūs gentium$, law of nature; $iūs fāsque$, law of God and man
^iūre,^ rightfully
^iūstitia,^ justice
^iūstus,^ just, lawful
^aequus,^ fair, impartial
^iniūstus, inīquus,^ unjust, unfair
^senātūscōnsultum,^ decree of senate
^lźx,^ law, enactment of Comitia Centūriāta; $quī lźgźs condit$, law-giver
^lźgitimus,^ lawful, legal
^prīvilźgium,^ law in favour of, or directed against, an individual
^rogātiō,^ bill; /verb/ ^rogāre,^ propose; $rogātiōnem prōmulgāre$, publish; $ r.[ogātiōnem] accipere$ /or/ $iubźre$, ratify, accept (a bill); $r.[ogātiōnem] antīquāre$, reject; $r.[ogātiōnem] suādźre$, support; $rogātiōnī intercźdere$, oppose b.[ill]
^abrogāre, rescindere lźgem,^ repeal law; /noun/ ^abrogātiō^
^ex lźge aliquid dźrogāre,^ repeal law in part; /noun/ ^dźrogātiō^
^obrogāre lźgī,^ (partly) repeal a law (by a new one); /noun/ ^obrogātiō^
^plźbiscītum,^ decision of Comitia Tribūta, ordinance; ^scīscere,^ decree, ordain, enact (of the people)
^źdictum,^ edict of magistrate; ^źdīcere,^ decree, ordain, give official notice

*45.2 judge, jury*

^praetor,^ presiding judge
^iūdex,^ judge, juror; $i.[ūdex] iūstus$, just j.; $i.[ūdex] cupidus$, partial, unjust j.; $citāre iūdicem$, summon j.
^arbiter,^ arbitrator, judge; $a.[rbiter] honōrārius$, arbitrator chosen by parties, not by judge; ^arbitrium,^ decision of arbitrator
^iūs reddere,^ dispense, administer justice
^iūdicāre,^ judge; $i.[ūdicare] sine cupiditāte$, j.[udge] impartially; $rź nōndum iūdicātā$, pending the decision of the judge
^īnflectere iūs grātiā,^ pervert justice
^tribūnal,^ judgement-seat
^subsellium,^ bench of judge, court
^iūdicium,^ trial
^iūdicium^ /or/ ^iūdīcźs dare,^ grant a trial (/of praetor who proposed judges/)
^iūstitium,^ suspension of legal business

*45.3 plaintiff, defendant*

^āctor, is quī petit,^ plaintiff; ^petītor,^ in private cases; ^accūsātor,^ espec. in state offence, also generally
^sacrāmentum,^ civil suit
^causam agere,^ plead a case; ^causam ōrāre, dīcere,^ plead one's cause, address the court
^arcessere, sistere, citāre, in iūs^ /or/ ^ad iūdicium vocāre,^ /or/ ^in iūdicium addūcere^ /or/ ^dźdūcere,^ summon, arraign, prosecute
/Acpn/ ^in iūdicium prōdūcere,^ bring before the court
/Acpn/ ^lźge interrogāre,^ bring an action against
^reus,^ defendant, prisoner, culprit; /Acpn/ $reum facere$ /or/ $agere$, put on trial
^is unde^ /or/ ^ā quō petitur,^ defendant
^nōmen^ /Gpn/ ^dźferre,^ indict, impeach, put on trial
^crīmen,^ accusation; $in crīmen venīre$ /G/, $in crīmine$ /G/ $esse$, be charged with
^dź pecūniīs repetundīs^ /Acpn/ ^postulāre,^ bring a charge of extortion against

*45.4 lawsuit*

^quaestiō,^ inquiry; $quaestiōnem dź$ /Ab/ $habźre$ /or/ $īnstituere$, hold an inquiry about; $quaestiōnī praeesse$, conduct a trial (of judge)
^causa,^ lawsuit, legal process; $indictā causā$, without going to court; $c.[ausa] integra$, not settled
^līs,^ lawsuit; ^lītigāre,^ dispute, sue at law; ^lītigiōsus,^ contentious; in dispute
^dica,^ lawsuit; $dicam scrībere$ /Dpn/, bring an action against
^diem dīcere,^ fix a day
^vas,^ bail, surety; $vadźs poscere$, ask for b.[ail]; $vadem dare$, give s.[urety]; $vadem accipere$, accept s.[urety]; $sź dare vadem prō$ /Ab/, go bail for; $vadem dźserere$, forfeit one's b.[ail]
^vadimōnium,^ bail, security; $v.[adimōnium] sistere$ /or/ $ad v.[adimōnium] venīre$, present oneself in court
^vadārī,^ bind over by bail (to appear in court)
^fīdūciam committere^ /Dpn/, give a pledge
^praes,^ surety (in money matters)
^spondźre,^ become security; ^spōnsus,^ security, bail; ^spōnsiō,^ promise, guarantee; ^spōnsor,^ surety
^prō^ /Abpn/^ intercźdere,^ go surety for
^cautiō,^ bond, bail
^pīgnus,^ pledge, security; /verb/ ^pīgnerāre,^ give as a pledge
^accūsāre,^ accuse, indict; $fūrtī eum accūsat$, he charges him with theft
^arguere^ (/Acpn/ $sceleris, crīmine, dź crīmine$), accuse
^dźlātor,^ accuser, informer
^index,^ informer
^cōnsultus,^ lawyer
^patrōnus,^ advocate
^rabula,^ raucous advocate
^advocāre,^ call in (as consultant); ^advocātus,^ legal assistant; /later/, advocate, attorney; ^advocātiō,^ legal assistance, counsel, the bar
^causam dźfendere,^ make a defence (of oneself or another)
^arbiter, auctor, testis,^ witness; $testźs exhibźre$, produce; $Mārcum testem prōdūcere$ /or/ $prōferre$, put M.[arcus] in the witness box; $t.[estis] mercźnnārius$, bribed w.[itness]; $falsum testem subōrnāre$, suborn a false witness; /verbs/ ^testārī,^ call upon as witness, bear witness; ^antestārī,^ call as witness
^testimōnium,^ evidence; $t.[estimōnium] dīcere$, give e.[vidence]
^testificārī,^ testify; /noun/ ^testificātiō^
^indicium,^ deposition, proof, evidence

*45.5 voting, decision*

^tabella,^ tablet (/with/ A=^absolvō^, C=^condemnō^, NL=^nōn liquet^)
^urna,^ voting urn
^sententia,^ decision, verdict
^iūdicium,^ decision of court
^iūs dīcere, prōnūntiāre,^ pronounce judgment
^causam obtinźre,^ win; $c.[ausam] perdere$, lose
^prōvocāre ad^ /Ac/, make an appeal (to a higher court); /noun/ ^prōvocātiō^
^līberātiō,^ acquittal

QV: guilt, punishment, 47

^iūrāre,^ swear; ^iūsiūrandum,^ oath; $i.[ūsiūrandum] iūrāre$, swear; $i.[ūsiūrandum] accipere$, be sworn; $i.[ūsiūrandum] cōnservāre$, keep oath; $i.[ūsiūrandum] violāre$, break oath; $iūreiūrandō stāre$, abide by oath; $iūreiūrandō astringere$ /or/ $obstringere$, bind by an oath, /with/ $sź$=vow, swear; $iūreiūrandō dźvīnctus$, bound by an oath; $ad i.[ūsiūrandum]$ /Acpn/ $adigere$, put on oath
^adiūrāre,^ confirm on oath
^abiūrāre,^ deny on oath
^perīurium, laesa fidźs, nūllum iūsiūrandum,^ false oath, perjury; ^pźierāre^ /or/ ^falsum iūrāre,^ perjure oneself
^lītem redimere,^ come to terms (of opposing parties)

+46 DANGER, PROTECTION, HELP+

*46.1 danger*

^perīculum,^ danger
^discrīmen,^ critical situation, crisis, turning-point; risk, danger; $rem in extrźmum d.[iscrīmen] addūcere$ /or/ $dźdūcere$, risk all; $rźs est in summō discrīmine$, the situation is desperate
^rźs est in angustō,^ the situation is critical
^in extrźmīs suīs rźbus,^ in the greatest danger
^perīculōsus,^ /late/ ^anceps,^ dangerous
^perīclitārī,^ risk, e.g. $salūtem rźipūblicae$; /also/ be in danger
^omnia profundere,^ stake all
^via lūbrica,^ dangerous path

*46.2 safety*

^cavźre,^ beware; $cavź canem$; $tibi caveō$, am careful for your safety
^praecavźre,^ guard against
^źvītāre, dźvītāre,^ avoid; /noun/ ^dźvītātiō^
^effugere, źvādere,^ escape; ^effugium,^ means of escape
^perfugium, receptāculum, receptus, respectus, refugium,^ shelter, refuge; $habźre receptum ad$ /Acpn/, be able to take shelter with
^cōnfugere^ /or/ ^refugere ad^ /Acpn/, flee for refuge to, take refuge with
^ad meam fidem cōnfugiunt,^ they flee to me for protection
^salūs,^ safety; $tibi salūtem afferō$, save you; $salūtī meae diffīdo$, fear for my safety; $salūtem fugā petere$, effect one's escape
^tūtus^ (e.g. $ab hostibus$), ^salvus,^ safe; $tź salvum volō$, wish for your safety
^incolumis, intāctus, integer,^ safe and sound, uninjured
^integellus,^ fairly intact
^inviolātus,^ unharmed, inviolate
^in portū esse,^ be in safety
^tūtō,^ safely
^nūllō meō perīculō,^ without danger to me

*46.3 help*

^auxilium,^ help; $petere a.[uxilium]$, seek h.[elp]; $a.[uxilium] tibi ferō, auxiliō tibi sum$, help you; $auxiliō venīre$, come to assistance; /verb/ ^auxiliārī^
^appellō tź,^ appeal to you for help
^iuvāre, adiuvāre, fulcīre^ /Acpn/, ^subvenīre^ /Dpn/, help
^adiūtor, administer,^ helper, assistant
^manūs^ /Dpn or/ ^ad^ /Acpn/ ^tendere,^ implore help
^praestō esse,^ attend upon, serve, aid
/Dpn/ ^adesse,^ help (/espec. as/ advocātus)
^opem petere ab^ /Abpn/, seek help; ^opem ferre^ /Dpn/, bring assistance
^opitulārī^ /Dpn/, help
^succurrere,^ hasten to help
^subsidiō venīre^ /or/ ^proficīsci,^ go to aid
^subsidium submittere, subsidiō mittere,^ send to the aid
^sublevāre,^ support, sustain
^(animum) cōnfirmāre,^ sustain, encourage; /noun/ ^cōnfīrmātiō^
^operā tuā,^ by your aid

*46.4 protection, defence*

^tuźrī, tūtārī, cūstōdīre, praesidźre^ /D/, guard
^cūstōs,^ guardian, protector
^vindex,^ protector, deliverer; ^vindicāre,^ defend, protect, deliver
^tuitiō, praesidium, tūtźla,^ protection
^prōpūgnāculum,^ bulwark, defence
^cūstōdia,^ watch
^tegere, obtegere, prōtegere,^ protect
^fidem^ /Gpn/ ^sequī^ /or/ ^in fidź^ /Gpn/ ^esse,^ be under the protection of
/Acpn/ ^in fidem recipere,^ afford protection to
^arcźre, prohibźre,^ keep off
^sź mūnīre contrā^ /Actg/, secure oneself against
^servāre, cōnservāre,^ preserve, save; ^cōnservātor, servātor,^ saviour; ^cōnservātiō,^ preservation
^dźfendere,^ defend; /nouns/ ^dźfensiō,^ defence; ^dźfźnsor,^ defender
^ā morte źripere,^ save one's life

*46.5 hindrance*

^obstruere, obesse^ /Dpn/, ^interpellāre, prohibźre^ /Ab or/ ^ab^ /Ab/, impede, obstruct, hinder
^adversārī,^ oppose; /adj. and noun/ ^adversārius^
^impedīre, praepedīre, obstāre, obsistere, officere, praevertere,^ thwart, hinder, oppose, stand in someone's way; /noun/ ^impedīmentum^
^interclūdere^ (e.g. $viam$ /Dpn/), cut off, bar
^deterrźre,^ deter, discourage, prevent, hinder

*46.6*

^ūtī,^ use
^ūtilis,^ helpful, useful; /noun/ ^ūtilitās^
^prōdesse,^ be of use or advantage, benefit, profit
^salūtāris, salūber^ /or/ ^salūbris,^ serviceable, beneficial

... ...
^inūtilis,^ useless
^inānis,^ useless, unprofitable; /noun/ ^inānitās^
^futtilis,^ vain, worthless; /noun/ ^futtilitās^
^frūstrā, nźquīquam,^ in vain

+47 GUILT, PUNISHMENT+

*47.1 crime, wrongdoing*

^facinus,^ misdeed, outrage, crime; $f.[acinus] committere$ /or/ $facere$, commit a crime
^scelus,^ crime, wickedness, sin; $s.[celus] excōgitāre, concipere$, plan a crime; $s.[celus] suscipere, facere, committere$ /or/ $źdere$, commit a crime; $ad scelus impellere$, urge to crime
^commissum,^ crime
^capital, rźs capitālis,^ capital crime
^nefās,^ wickedness; $n.[efās] est$, it is forbidden
^nźquitia,^ worthlessness, vileness, wickedness
^turpitūdō,^ vileness
^foeditās,^ shamefulness
^flāgitium,^ shameful act, atrocity; $f.[lāgitium] facere$ /or/ $committere$
^impūritās,^ shamefulness
^maleficium, malefactum,^ evil deed
^culpa,^ fault, crime, blame; $in culpā esse$, be guilty, culpable; $extrā culpam$, free from blame
^noxa, dźlictum,^ transgression, injury, wrong, offence, crime
^noxia,^ guilt
^obnoxius,^ guilty, liable to punishment
^peccātum,^ sin
^nocźre, laedere,^ injure
^iniūria,^ wrong, injury; $iniūriam facere, impōnere, īnferre$ /D/, wrong; $iniūriam persequī, ulcīscī$, punish, avenge
^damnum,^ injury, harm, damage
^patī,^ suffer

*47.2 criminal, wicked*

^malus,^ evil
^facinorōsus,^ criminal, vicious
^improbus, impudźns, impudīcus,^ wicked, shameless; /nouns/ ^improbitās, impudentia, impudīcitia^
^scelestus, scelerātus, cōnscelerātus,^ wicked, villainous; ^maleficus,^ wicked, criminal; ^malīgnus,^ wicked, spiteful; ^nocźns,^ wicked, culpable
^perditus, impius,^ abandoned, wicked; /noun/ ^impietās^
^noxius,^ guilty; criminal
^nefārius,^ abominable, execrable, monstrous; ^obscźnus,^ shameless, revolting, immoral; ^probrōsus,^ shameful, vicious; ^prōflīgātus,^ vile, dissolute
^nźquam,^ worthless
^taeter,^ repulsive, abominable
^turpis,^ disgraceful; $sź turpiter gerere$, behave disgracefully
^foedus,^ dishonourable, shameful
^flāgitiōsus,^ infamous, dissolute
^impūrus,^ shameful, infamous
^barbarus,^ savage
^nocźns, reus, sōns,^ malefactor, criminal
^luźs, pestźs hominum,^ (social) pests
^scelus, verberō, furcifer,^ scoundrel

... ...
/Dpn/ ^pecūniam adimere,^ rob
^fūr,^ thief; /verb/ ^fūrārī^
^fūrtum,^ theft
^clepere,^ steal secretly
^latrō,^ robber, pirate, brigand; ^latrōcinium,^ robbery, piracy, brigandage; /verb/ ^latrōcinārī^
^praedō,^ robber; ^praedārī,^ plunder, rob
^źreptor,^ robber
^grassātor, latrunculus,^ footpad
^rapīna,^ act of robbery; /P/ pillage
^raptum, praeda,^ plunder, booty
^dźspoliāre, dźpeculārī,^ rob, plunder; /noun/ ^dźpeculātor^
^repetundae,^ extortion
^interceptor,^ embezzler
^pīrāta,^ pirate; /adj./ ^pīrāticus^

... ...
/Dpn/ ^vītam adimere^ /or/ ^auferre,^ /Acpn/ ^vītā prīvāre^ /or/ ^expellere,^ kill
^sīcārius, homicīda, interfector, percussor,^ assassin, murderer
^mors illāta per scelus,^ assassination
^parricīda,^ murderer of father or other relation; ^parricīdium,^ murder of a relation; ^frātricīda,^ murder of brother
^lźtum,^ violent death
^strangulāre,^ strangle
^venźnum, vīrus,^ poison; $v.[enźnum]$ /Dpn/ $dare, parāre, praebźre$ /or/ $īnfundere$, administer p.[oison]; /Acpn/ $venźnō tollere$ /or/ $venźnāre$, poison
^necāre,^ (e.g. $fame, venźnō$), kill (starve to death, poison)
^caedźs, nex, occīdiō, occīsiō,^ murder; /Dpn/ $necem īnferre$ /or/ $offerre$, murder; ^caedere, źnecāre, exanimāre, necāre, interficere, interimere, occīdere,^ slay, kill; $occīdiōne occīdere$, massacre, exterminate
^efflīgere,^ strike dead, kill
^sanguinem haurīre,^ shed blood
^iugulāre,^ cut the throat, kill
^obtruncāre, trucīdāre,^ butcher, cut to pieces

*47.3 arrest, innocence, acquit, pardon*

^suspicārī,^ suspect
^querī,^ complain
^dźprendere,^ catch, find out; /noun/ ^dźprehźnsiō^
^comprehendere in fūrtō,^ catch in the act of stealing
^convincere,^ convict (of crime or error)
^praemandāta^ /P/, warrant for arrest
^prehendere, comprehendere^ /Acpn/, arrest
^innocźns, insōns,^ innocent, guiltless; /noun/ ^innocentia^
^sibi nūllīus culpae cōnscius,^ conscious of no guilt
^līber ā dźlictīs,^ free from crime
^castus,^ pure, innocent; /noun/ ^castitās^
^carźre reprehźnsiōne,^ be blameless
^sānctimōnia,^ innocence
^nūllā meā culpā,^ through no fault of mine
^praetendere,^ put forward as an excuse
^absolvere, scelere solvere,^ acquit; $absolvitur fūrtī$
^excūsāre,^ excuse; /noun/ ^excūsātiō^
^pūrgāre,^ justify, excuse; /noun/ ^pūrgātiō^
^venia,^ pardon
^multam, poenam remittere,^ remit
^īgnōscere,^ forgive
^condōnāre,^ pardon, refrain from punishing (a crime)
^satisfactiōnem accipere,^ accept an apology

*47.4 fraud, deception*

^fraus,^ fraud; ^fraudāre, dźfraudāre,^ cheat, defraud, purloin, embezzle; /noun/ ^fraudātiō, fraudātor;^ /adj./ ^fraudulentus^
^dolus,^ craft, deceit; $dolus malus$, fraud; /adj./ ^dolōsus^
^māchina,^ trick, device; /verb/ ^māchinārī;^ /nouns/ ^māchinātiō, māchinātor^
/Acpn/ ^stratźgźmate percutere,^ defraud by a trick
^dissimulāre,^ dissemble, hide one's feelings
^latebra,^ pretence, subterfuge
^interpolāre,^ falsify
^dźcipere, circumvenīre, źlūdere, frūstrārī,^ /Dpn/ ^impōnere, verba dare,^ deceive, cheat
^dźstituere,^ deceive, mislead; /noun/ ^dźstitūtiō,^ deception
^circumscrībere,^ cheat, ensnare
^fingere, simulāre,^ feign, pretend; /noun/ ^fictiō,^ counterfeiting; ^simulātiō,^ deceit; ^simulātor,^ pretender, hypocrite
^in speciem,^ as a pretence; $praebźre speciem pūgnantium$, pretend to be fighting
^subterfugere^ (e.g. $mīlitiam$), escape (by trickery)
^fallere,^ lead astray; /adj./ ^fallāx,^ deceitful; /noun/ ^fallācia,^ stratagem, intrigue
^illicere, pellicere,^ allure, lead astray, decoy
^prōdere,^ betray; ^prōditor,^ traitor; ^prōditiō,^ treachery
^perfidus, īnfīdus,^ treacherous, false

*47.5 confession, remorse, atonement*

^fatźrī, cōnfitźrī, āgnōscere,^ confess, own
^paenitet eum,^ he regrets, feels remorse for
^pudet eum,^ he feels ashamed, blushes for
^pudor,^ shame
^veniam petere^ /or/ ^poscere quod,^ apologise for
^expiāre, luere, poenās dare,^ make amends, atone for; /noun/ ^expiātiō^
^piāculum,^ offering as atonement

*47.6 conviction, punishment*

^coarguere,^ convict of guilt or crime
^damnāre, condemnāre,^ condemn; $capitis eum condemnat$, condemns him to death; $capitis damnātus est$, /nouns/ ^damnātiō, condemnātiō^
^pūnīre, castīgāre,^ punish; /nouns/ ^pūnītiō, castīgātiō, castīgātor^
^poena,^ penalty; $poenam capere dź$ /Abpn/, $petere$ /or/ $expetere ab$ /Abpn/, $repetere, sūmere dź$ /Abpn/, $statuere, poenā afficere$ /or/ $multāre$, exact or inflict a p., punish; $poenās pendere, dźpendere, solvere, persolvere, perferre, sufferre, luere$, suffer punishment; $poenās subīre$, submit to punishment, undergo sentence
^supplicium,^ punishment; $ultimum s.[upplicium]$, extreme penalty, capital punishment; $ad s.[upplicium] trādere$, hand over for p.[unishment]; $s.[upplicium] sūmere dź$ /Abpn/, $suppliciō afficere$, punish; $suppliciō afficī$, be put to death
^carnifex,^ executioner
^carnificīna,^ torture
^tortor,^ executioner, torturer
^animadvertere vitia in^ /Acpn/, punish
^ulcīscī^ (/Acpn/ ^prō scelere^), avenge, punish; ^ultor,^ avenger
^inultus,^ unavenged, with impunity
^vindex,^ avenger, punisher; /verb/ ^vindicāre^
^impūne, impūnītź,^ without punishment, with impunity; /noun/ ^impūnitās;^ /adj./ ^impūnītus^
^multa,^ fine; $multam committere$, incur f.[ine]; $multam$ /Dpn/ $irrogāre$, impose f.[ine]; $multam remittere$, remit f.[ine]; $multā coercźre$, punish with a fine; /verb/ ^multāre;^ /nouns/ ^irrogātiō multae, multātiō^
^īgnōminia, īnfāmia,^ dishonour, disgrace; $īgnōminiam$ /Dpn/ $inūrere$, /or/ $īgnōminiā notāre$ /Acpn/, brand with dishonour
^vincīre,^ bind, fetter
^vinculum,^ bond, chain, fetter; $in vincula conicere$, put in prison; $vinculīs cōnstringere$, fetter
^compedźs,^ fetters, shackles
^pedica,^ shackle, chain for feet
^catźna,^ chain; $catźnās inicere$ /Dpn/, put in fetters
^carcer, cūstōdia,^ prison; $in carcerem$ (/or/ $vincula$) $conicere$ /or/ $dźmittere$, imprison; $ź$ /or/ $dź carcere źmittere$, release from p.[rison]
^arca,^ prison, cell
^cūstōdīre,^ keep under arrest
^vāpulāre,^ be flogged
^virga, ferula,^ rod; $virgīs caedere$, flog
^verbera,^ flogging; $castīgāre$ /Acpn/ $verberibus$, punish by flogging; ^verberāre,^ flog, chastise
^flagellum,^ scourge, whip; /verb/ ^flagellāre^
^secūris,^ axe; $secūrī percutere$, behead
^crux,^ cross; $crucī affīgere$, crucify; /verb/ ^cruciāre^

QV: exile, 30.4
QV: law, 45

+48-50 SUNDRY GROUPS+

*48.1 take, hold, get*

^capere,^ take
^sūmere,^ take up
^dźprōmere,^ take or fetch out
^assūmere,^ adopt, take
^capessere, captāre,^ catch at
^arripere, corripere,^ pick up, snatch up
^intercipere,^ intercept; /noun/ ^interceptiō^
^rapere, prehendere, apprehendere, comprehendere,^ seize, grasp; ^rapāx,^ grasping, rapacious; /noun/ ^rapācitās^
^occupāre,^ seize, occupy
^arrogāre,^ claim as one's own
^appetere,^ try to get
^aspīrāre ad^ /Ac/, aspire to
^affectāre,^ seek, pursue
^assequī, cōnsequī, dźvenīre in^ /Ac or/ ^ad^ /Ac/, attain, reach
^attingere,^ touch
^nancīscī,^ reach, get
^acquīrere, adipīscī, apīscī,^ obtain, get; /noun/ ^adeptiō^
^tenźre,^ hold; ^tenāx,^ gripping
^sustinźre,^ support, hold up

*48.2 strike, shake, break*

^caedere, ferīre, percutere, quatere,^ strike, hit
^verbera^ /P/, flogging; ^verberāre,^ beat, scourge
^vāpulāre,^ be beaten
^mulcāre,^ beat, maul
^tundere,^ thump, beat
^plāga,^ blow; $plāgam īnfligere$, strike; $plāgam accipere$, be struck; ^plāgōsus,^ fond of flogging
^ictus,^ blow (that wounds)
^fūstis, clāva,^ cudgel, club
^pulsāre^ (e.g. $ōstium$), beat, knock at
^conculcāre, prōculcāre,^ crush under foot, trample on
^frangere, rumpere,^ break; ^frāgmen,^ fragment, splinter; ^fragilis,^ fragile
^cōnfringere,^ break in pieces
^quatere,^ shake
^quassāre, conquassāre,^ shake violently, shatter
^collīdere,^ dash together
^concutere,^ shatter, shake
^discutere,^ shatter

*48.31 do*

^agere,^ do, act, negotiate; ^āctiō,^ acting, action; ^agitātiō,^ activity
^facere,^ do, make; ^factum, facinus,^ deed, action
^facessere,^ accomplish
^perficere,^ perfect, bring about
^exsequī,^ perform, fulfil
^suscipere,^ undertake
^agitāre^ /Actg/, ^versārī in^ /Abtg/, be engaged in, occupied with
^rźs gestae,^ deeds, achievements
^sź nōn tenźre,^ /or/ ^sź tenźre nōn posse,^ /or/ ^tenźrī nōn posse,^ /or/ ^sibi temperāre nōn posse, quīn^ /subj./, be unable to keep from doing

*48.32 refrain, restrain*

^abstinźre^ /Ab/, ^temperāre ab^ /Ab/, abstain from
^absistere^ /Ab/, ^dźsistere^ /Ab/, ^supersedźre^ /Ab/, desist from, cease
^sź sustinźre, nź^ /subj./, refrain from doing
^parcere^ /Dtg/, desist from, refrain from
^dźtrectāre, recūsāre, abnuere,^ shrink from, decline or refuse to do
^cessāre,^ hang back (from something one has begun /or/ has to do)
^frźnum,^ restraint, check; $frźnōs adhibźre$, restrain; /verb/ ^īnfrźnāre, refrźnāre;^ /adj./ ^effrźnātus,^ unbridled
^tenźre, inhibźre, īnfringere, sustinźre, reprehendere, reprimere, restringere^ (/with Ac/), ^moderārī^ (/with D/), restrain, check; /noun/ ^inhibitiō^
^coercźre, comprimere,^ restrain, repress, curb

QV: unrestrained, 38.3

*48.33 agent, messenger*

/Actg/ ^per^ /Acpn/ ^trānsigere,^ transact through someone
^trānsāctor,^ agent, negotiator
^interpres,^ agent
^minister^ (e.g. $sceleris$), tool
^allźgāre,^ send as agent or messenger
^lźgāre,^ send as ambassador; ^lźgātus,^ ambassador; ^lźgātiō,^ embassy
^nūntius,^ messenger
^servus ā pedibus, prodromus,^ messenger, courier

*48.34 manage*

^administrāre,^ manage, superintend; /noun/ ^administrātiō^
^prōcūrāre,^ manage; ^prōcūrātiō,^ management; ^prōcūrātor,^ manager, administrator
^praesidźre,^ manage, direct; ^praeses,^ director
^dispźnsāre,^ manage
^ōrdināre,^ regulate

*48.4 example, model*

^exemplar, exemplum,^ example, model; $exemplum afferre$, adduce e.[xample]; $exempla sūmere$, select e.[xample]; /Actg/ $exemplō pōnere$, set as an e.[xample]
^specimen,^ pattern, model
^effigiźs,^ ideal

*48.51  press, grind, crush*

^premere,^ press
^comprimere,^ press together
^supprimere,^ press down
^tundere, contundere,^ crush, bruise
^frangere,^ crush
^conterere,^ grind, pound

*48.52 suppress, overwhelm, overthrow*

^comprimere, opprimere,^ crush, suppress
^obruere,^ overwhelm
^sternere, prōsternere, prōflīgāre, labefacere, labefactāre,^ overthrow

*48.6 stretch*

^tendere,^ stretch, distend, extend
^intendere,^ extend
^extendere,^ stretch, spread out
^distendere,^ stretch out, distend
^praetendere, porrigere,^ stretch out, hold out, extend
^patźre, pertinźre,^ spread out, stretch (/intrans./)

*48.7 cut, scrape*

^secāre,^ cut; ^sectiō,^ cutting
^succīdere,^ cut off, through or down
^incīdere,^ cut into
^culter,^ knife
^rādere,^ scrape
^scalpere,^ scratch, scrape

*48.8 pierce*

^fīgere, cōnfīgere, trānsfīgere, cōnfodere, perfodere, trānsfodere,^ pierce
^percutere,^ pierce, strike through
^perforāre,^ make a hole through, pierce through
^trānsverberāre,^ pierce, thrust through
^trāicere,^ strike through, pierce

*48.9 tight, loose*

^artus,^ tight, taut
^astringere,^ draw together
^laxus,^ loose, slack; /verb/ ^laxāre^
^solvere, exsolvere, resolvere,^ loosen

*49.1 custom, usual, unusual*

^mōs,^ custom; $perdūcere$ /Actg/ $in mōrem$, make customary; $mōrem tenźre, retinźre$ /or/ $servāre$, keep a c.[ustom]
^suźscere,^ become accustomed; /perf./ ^suźvī,^ am accustomed; ^suźtus,^ accustomed, usual
^assuźscere,^ grow or be accustomed; ^assuźtus,^ accustomed, used to; ^assuźfacere,^ accustom
^cōnsuźscere,^ accustom, accustom oneself; $cōnsuźvī$, am accustomed; ^cōnsuźtūdō,^ custom, habit; $cōnsuźtūdine$ /or/ $ex c.[ōnsuźtūdine]$ /or/ $prō c.[ōnsuźtūdine]$, habitually, from custom; $praeter cōnsuźtūdinem$, against one's c.[ustom]; $cōnsuźtūdinem referre$, restore a c.[ustom]; $in cōnsuźtūdinem venīre$, become a habit
^īnsuźscere,^ accustom, get accustomed
^īnsuźtus,^ accustomed /and/ unaccustomed to; unusual
^factitāre,^ be accustomed to do, do usually
^ut fit,^ as usually happens
^īnstitūtum,^ custom, tradition; $īnstitūtō suō$, in one's customary way
^solźre,^ be accustomed, wont; ^solitus,^ wonted, usual; ^solitum,^ what is usual, custom
^sollemnis,^ usual; ^sollemne,^ custom, practice
^inveterāscere,^ become fixed, established; ^inveterārī,^ be firmly established
^dźsuźscere,^ be or grow unaccustomed; /noun/ ^dźsuźtūdō^
^exolźscere,^ pass out of use
^vulgāris,^ ordinary, common
^ūsitātus,^ usual, customary
^inūsitātus,^ unusual, extraordinary, rare
^īnsolźns,^ unusual, unaccustomed to; /noun/ ^īnsolentia,^ being unaccustomed; ^īnsolitus,^ unaccustomed, unusual
^inaudītus,^ unusual, strange
^rārus,^ rare, unusual
^singulāris,^ remarkable, rare, extraordinary
^novus,^ novel, singular
^extrāōrdinārius,^ extraordinary

*49.2 suitable, fit, proper, unsuitable*

^commodus,^ fit, suitable, convenient; /noun/ ^commoditās^
^aptus,^ suitable, fit, proper, capable of
^accomodātus, appositus,^ suitable, appropriate
^congruźns,^ appropriate
^capāx,^ capable of, fit for
^cōnsentāneus,^ becoming, proper; $cōnsentāneum est$ /with inf./, it is fitting
^habilis,^ suitable, convenient
^idōneus,^ proper, fit, suitable
^opportūnus,^ convenient, apt, favourable; /noun/ ^opportūnitās,^ favourable situation, time or circumstance
^convenit^ /with inf./, it is suitable
^pār^ /or/ ^fās est^ /with inf./, it is right, proper
^mātūrź,^ opportunely
^incommodus,^ unsuitable, inconvenient
^ineptus,^ unfitting, unsuitable
^importūnus,^ unsuitable

QV: opportunity, occasion, 2.6

*49.3 correspond, agree, inconsistent*

^congruere cum^ /Abtg/, correspond or agree with
^quadrāre,^ fit into, square with
^respondźre,^ correspond, e.g. $paria paribus respondent$
^cohaerźre,^ be consistent
^repūgnāre,^ be inconsistent with
^pūgnantia loquī,^ contradict oneself
^haec incōnstantissimź dīcuntur,^ these statements are very inconsistent

*49.4 substitute*

^subdere,^ substitute; $fīlius subditus$, changeling
^substituere prō^ /Abpn or Abtg/, substitute
^suppōnere in locum^ /G/, substitute
^vicārius,^ substituted; /as noun/ substitute, deputy, proxy

*50.1 await*

^exspectāre,^ look out for, await; /noun/ ^exspectātiō;^ $in exspectātiōne esse$, be expected; $praeter exspectātiōnem$, unexpectedly; $exspectātiōnem movźre, commovźre$ /or/ $concitāre$; $exspectātiōnem omnium vincere$, surpass all expectations
^opperīrī,^ wait, wait for
^inspźrātus, inexspectātus,^ unexpected
^praeter^ /or/ ^contrā opīniōnem, ex īnsperātō, dź trānsversō^ (e.g. $rogāre$), unexpectedly

*50.2 necessary, inevitable*

^necesse est,^ it is necessary, inevitable; ^necessitās,^ necessity, compulsion; ^necessārius,^ necessary, inevitable; ^necessāriō,^ necessarily
^opus est,^ e.g. $mihi$, I must
^nōn possum nōn^ /inf./, ^facere nōn possum quīn^ /subj./, I must
^fierī nōn potest quīn^ /subj./, it is inevitable that

*50.3 inform*

^certiōrem facere^ /Acpn Gtg or/ ^dź^ /Abtg or Ac and inf./, ^indicāre^ /Actg/, inform of
^impertīre,^ communicate, impart
^significāre,^ intimate
^afferre, referre,^ report, inform; $nihil novī ad nōs afferźbātur$, we received no news

*50.4 make known, publish*

^vulgāre,^ spread about, make known
^dīvulgāre,^ publish, make widely known
^pervulgāre,^ make generally known
^prōmulgāre,^ publish; /noun/ ^prōmulgātiō^
^in pūblicum prōpōnere,^ make known
^źmānāre^ (e.g. $in vulgus$), issue, be spread
^źnūntiāre,^ divulge
^praecō,^ herald, crier; ^praecōnium,^ publication

*50.5 power, strength*

^vīs,^ force, power; $summā vī$, with all one's might
^revīrźscere,^ regain strength
^nervī^ /P/, vigour, strength; ^nervōsus,^ vigorous
^pollźre,^ be strong; ^pollźns,^ mighty, powerful
^vigźre,^ be vigorous; /noun/ ^vigor^
^plūrimum posse,^ be most powerful
^potźns,^ powerful; ^potentia,^ power (/espec./ political); ^potestās,^ might, power, political power

*50.6 contain, receptacle*

^continźre,^ enclose, contain
^inclūdere,^ enclose
^inesse^ /Dtg/, be contained in
^corbis, fiscina, quālus,^ basket; ^sportula, sportella,^ little basket (for food); ^cophinus,^ big basket; ^quasillum,^ wool basket
^saccus,^ sack, bag; ^rźticulum,^ network bag; ^culleus, follis^ (/dim./ ^folliculus^), leather bag
^arca^ (/dim./ ^arcula^), chest, box; ^cista^ (/dim./ ^cistella, cistellula, cistula^), box; ^capsa^ (/dim./ ^capsula^), box (for books); ^alabaster,^ box (for perfumes, unguents); ^pyxis,^ box (for unguents, medicine)
^armārium,^ cupboard
^horreum,^ storeroom, granary; ^cella penāria, oleāria, vīnāria,^ storeroom for provisions, oil, wine; ^apothźca,^ storeroom (/espec./ for wine); ^carnārium,^ larder

QV: purse, 33.2
QV: receptacles for liquids, 29.8
QV: stables, 8.3